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     Oracle 10g RAC On
     Linux Using NFS
     This article describes the installation of
     Oracle 10g release 2 (10.2.0.1) RAC on
     Linux (Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5) using
     NFS to provide the shared storage.

           •    Introduction
           •    Download Software
           •    Operating System Installation
           •    Oracle Installation Prerequisites
           •    Create Shared Disks
           •    Install the Clusterware Software
           •    Install the Database Software
           •    Create a Database using the DBCA
           •    TNS Configuration
           •    Check the Status of the RAC
           •    Direct and Asynchronous I/O

     Introduction
     NFS is an abbreviation of Network File System, a platform independent technology created by Sun
     Microsystems that allows shared access to files stored on computers via an interface called the
     Virtual File System (VFS) that runs on top of TCP/IP. Computers that share files are considered
     NFS servers, while those that access shared files are considered NFS clients. An individual
     computer can be either an NFS server, a NFS client or both.

     We can use NFS to provide shared storage for a RAC installation. In a production environment we
     would expect the NFS server to be a NAS, but for testing it can just as easily be another server, or
     even one of the RAC nodes itself.

     To cut costs, this articles uses one of the RAC nodes as the source of the shared storage.
     Obviously, this means if that node goes down the whole database is lost, so it's not a sensible idea
     to do this if you are testing high availability. If you have access to a NAS or a third server you can
     easily use that for the shared storage, making the whole solution much more resilient. Whichever
     route you take, the fundamentals of the installation are the same.

     This article was inspired by the blog postings of Kevin Closson.

     Download Software
     Download the following software.

           • Oracle Enterprise Linux
           • Oracle 10g (10.2.0.1) CRS and DB software




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    Operating System Installation
    This article uses Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5, but it will work equally well on CentOS 4 or Red Hat
    Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 4. A general pictorial guide to the operating system installation can be
    found here. More specifically, it should be a server installation with a minimum of 2G swap, firewall
    and secure Linux disabled and the following package groups installed:

        •   X Window System
        •   GNOME Desktop Environment
        •   Editors
        •   Graphical Internet
        •   Server Configuration Tools
        •   FTP Server
        •   Development Tools
        •   Legacy Software Development
        •   Administration Tools
        •   System Tools

    To be consistent with the rest of the article, the following information should be set during the
    installation.

    RAC1.

        •   hostname: rac1.localdomain
        •   IP Address eth0: 192.168.2.101 (public address)
        •   Default Gateway eth0: 192.168.2.1 (public address)
        •   IP Address eth1: 192.168.0.101 (private address)
        •   Default Gateway eth1: none

    RAC2.

        •   hostname: rac2.localdomain
        •   IP Address eth0: 192.168.2.102 (public address)
        •   Default Gateway eth0: 192.168.2.1 (public address)
        •   IP Address eth1: 192.168.0.102 (private address)
        •   Default Gateway eth1: none

    You are free to change the IP addresses to suit your network, but remember to stay consistent with
    those adjustments throughout the rest of the article.

    Once the basic installation is complete, install the following packages whilst logged in as the root
    user.

             # From Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5 Disk 1
             cd /media/cdrecorder/CentOS/RPMS
             rpm -Uvh setarch-1*
             rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
             rpm -Uvh make-3*
             rpm -Uvh glibc-2*
             cd /
             eject

             # From Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5 Disk 2
             cd /media/cdrecorder/CentOS/RPMS
             rpm -Uvh openmotif-2*
             rpm -Uvh compat-db-4*
             rpm -Uvh gcc-3*
             cd /
             eject

             # From Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5 Disk 3
             cd /media/cdrecorder/CentOS/RPMS
             rpm -Uvh libaio-0*
             rpm -Uvh rsh-*
             rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-32-3*




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             rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-32-c++-3*
             rpm -Uvh openmotif21*
             cd /
             eject


    Oracle Installation Prerequisites
    Perform the following steps whilst logged into the RAC1 virtual machine as the root user.

    The "/etc/hosts" file must contain the following information.

             127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain          localhost
             # Public
             192.168.2.101           rac1.localdomain               rac1
             192.168.2.102           rac2.localdomain               rac2
             #Private
             192.168.0.101           rac1-priv.localdomain          rac1-priv
             192.168.0.102           rac2-priv.localdomain          rac2-priv
             #Virtual
             192.168.2.111           rac1-vip.localdomain           rac1-vip
             192.168.2.112           rac2-vip.localdomain           rac2-vip
             #NAS
             192.168.2.101           nas1.localdomain               nas1


    Notice that the NAS1 entry is actually pointing to the RAC1 node. If you are using a real NAS or a
    third server to provide your shared storage put the correct IP address into the file.

    Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file.

             kernel.shmall = 2097152
             kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
             kernel.shmmni = 4096
             # semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
             kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
             #fs.file-max = 65536
             net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
             #net.core.rmem_default=262144
             #net.core.rmem_max=262144
             #net.core.wmem_default=262144
             #net.core.wmem_max=262144

             # Additional and amended parameters suggested by Kevin Closson
             net.core.rmem_default = 524288
             net.core.wmem_default = 524288
             net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
             net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
             net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh=524288
             net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=393216
             net.ipv4.tcp_rmem=4096 524288 16777216
             net.ipv4.tcp_wmem=4096 524288 16777216
             net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=0
             net.ipv4.tcp_sack=0
             net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1
             net.core.optmem_max=524287
             net.core.netdev_max_backlog=2500
             sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=128
             sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=128
             net.ipv4.tcp_mem=16384 16384 16384


    Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters.




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             /sbin/sysctl -p


    Add the following lines to the "/etc/security/limits.conf" file.

             *                       soft        nproc       2047
             *                       hard        nproc       16384
             *                       soft        nofile      1024
             *                       hard        nofile      65536


    Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file, if it does not already exist.

             session          required           pam_limits.so


    Disable secure linux by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as
    follows.

             SELINUX=disabled


    Alternatively, this alteration can be done using the GUI tool (Applications > System Settings >
    Security Level). Click on the SELinux tab and disable the feature.

    Set the hangcheck kernel module parameters by adding the following line to the
    "/etc/modprobe.conf" file.

             options hangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180


    To load the module immediately, execute "modprobe -v hangcheck-timer".

    Create the new groups and users.

             groupadd oinstall
             groupadd dba
             groupadd oper

             useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
             passwd oracle


    During the installation, both RSH and RSH-Server were installed. Enable remote shell and rlogin by
    doing the following.

             chkconfig rsh on
             chkconfig rlogin on
             service xinetd reload


    Create the "/etc/hosts.equiv" file as the root user.

             touch /etc/hosts.equiv
             chmod 600 /etc/hosts.equiv
             chown root:root /etc/hosts.equiv


    Edit the "/etc/hosts.equiv" file to include all the RAC nodes:

             +rac1 oracle
             +rac2 oracle




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             +rac1-priv oracle
             +rac2-priv oracle


    Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the ".bash_profile" file.

             # Oracle Settings
             TMP=/tmp; export TMP
             TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

             ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
             ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
             ORACLE_SID=RAC1; export ORACLE_SID
             ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
             PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
             PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

             LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
             CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export C

             if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
                if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
                   ulimit -p 16384
                   ulimit -n 65536
                else
                   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
                fi
             fi


    Remember to set the ORACLE_SID to RAC2 on the second node.

    Create Shared Disks
    First we need to set up some NFS shares. In this case we will do this on the RAC1 node, but you
    can do the on a NAS or a third server if you have one available. On the RAC1 node create the
    following directories.

             mkdir /share1
             mkdir /share2


    Add the following lines to the "/etc/exports" file.

             /share1                              *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash)
             /share2                              *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash)


    Run the following command to export the NFS shares.

             chkconfig nfs on
             service nfs restart


    On both RAC1 and RAC2 create some mount points to mount the NFS shares to.

             mkdir /u01
             mkdir /u02


    Add the following lines to the "/etc/fstab" file. The mount options are suggestions from Kevin
    Closson.




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             nas1:/share1       /u01     nfs    rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=300,rsize=32768,w
             nas1:/share2       /u02     nfs    rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=300,rsize=32768,w


    Mount the NFS shares on both servers.

             mount /u01
             mount /u02


    Create the shared CRS Configuration and Voting Disk files.

             touch /u01/crs_configuration
             touch /u01/voting_disk


    Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.

             mkdir   -p   /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs
             mkdir   -p   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
             mkdir   -p   /u01/oradata
             chown   -R   oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02


    Install the Clusterware Software
    Place the clusterware and database software in the "/u02" directory and unzip it.

             cd /u02
             unzip 10201_clusterware_linux32.zip
             unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip


    Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Oracle installer.

             cd /u02/clusterware
             ./runInstaller


    On the "Welcome" screen, click the "Next" button.




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    Accept the default inventory location by clicking the "Next" button.




    Enter the appropriate name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button.




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    Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests
    before clicking the "Next" button.




    The "Specify Cluster Configuration" screen shows only the RAC1 node in the cluster. Click the
    "Add" button to continue.




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    Enter the details for the RAC2 node and click the "OK" button.




    Click the "Next" button to continue.




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    The "Specific Network Interface Usage" screen defines how each network interface will be used.
    Highlight the "eth0" interface and click the "Edit" button.




    Set the "eht0" interface type to "Public" and click the "OK" button.




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    Leave the "eth1" interface as private and click the "Next" button.




    Click the "External Redundancy" option, enter "/u01/ocr_configuration" as the OCR Location and
    click the "Next" button. To have greater redundancy we would need to define another shared disk
    for an alternate location.




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    Click the "External Redundancy" option, enter "/u01/voting_disk" as the Voting Disk Location and
    click the "Next" button. To have greater redundancy we would need to define another shared disk
    for an alternate location.




    On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue.




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    Wait while the installation takes place.




    Once the install is complete, run the orainstRoot.sh and root.sh scripts on both nodes as directed on
    the following screen.




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    The output from the orainstRoot.sh file should look something like that listed below.

             # cd /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
             # ./orainstRoot.sh
             Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
             Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
             The execution of the script is complete
             #


    The output of the root.sh will vary a little depending on the node it is run on. The following text is the
    output from the RAC1 node.

             # cd /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs
             # ./root.sh
             WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root
             WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product' is not owned by root
             WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle' is not owned by root
             WARNING: directory '/u01/crs' is not owned by root
             WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root
             Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured
             /etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.

             Setting the permissions on OCR backup directory
             Setting up NS directories
             Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully
             WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root
             WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product' is not owned by root
             WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle' is not owned by root
             WARNING: directory '/u01/crs' is not owned by root
             WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root
             assigning default hostname rac1 for node 1.
             assigning default hostname rac2 for node 2.
             Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
             Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897.
             node <nodenumber>: <nodename> <private interconnect name> <hostname>
             node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1
             node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2
             Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
             Operation successful.
             Now formatting voting device: /u01/voting_disk
             Format of 1 voting devices complete.
             Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds.
             Adding daemons to inittab




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            Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
            CSS is active on these nodes.
                    rac1
            CSS is inactive on these nodes.
                    rac2
            Local node checking complete.
            Run root.sh on remaining nodes to start CRS daemons.
            #


    Ignore the directory ownership warnings. We should really use a separate directory structure for the
    clusterware so it can be owned by the root user, but it has little effect on the finished results.

    The output from the RAC2 node is listed below.

            # /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs
            # ./root.sh
            WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root
            WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product' is not owned by root
            WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle' is not owned by root
            WARNING: directory '/u01/crs' is not owned by root
            WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root
            Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured
            /etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.

            Setting the permissions on OCR backup directory
            Setting up NS directories
            Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully
            WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root
            WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product' is not owned by root
            WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle' is not owned by root
            WARNING: directory '/u01/crs' is not owned by root
            WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root
            clscfg: EXISTING configuration version 3 detected.
            clscfg: version 3 is 10G Release 2.
            assigning default hostname rac1 for node 1.
            assigning default hostname rac2 for node 2.
            Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
            Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897.
            node <nodenumber>: <nodename> <private interconnect name> <hostname>
            node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1
            node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2
            clscfg: Arguments check out successfully.

            NO KEYS WERE WRITTEN. Supply -force parameter to override.
            -force is destructive and will destroy any previous cluster
            configuration.
            Oracle Cluster Registry for cluster has already been initialized
            Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds.
            Adding daemons to inittab
            Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
            CSS is active on these nodes.
                    rac1
                    rac2
            CSS is active on all nodes.
            Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
            Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
            Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
            Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
            Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
            Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
            Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
            Oracle CRS stack installed and running under init(1M)
            Running vipca(silent) for configuring nodeapps




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             The given interface(s), "eth0" is not public. Public interfaces should be use
             #


    Here you can see that some of the configuration steps are omitted as they were done by the first
    node. In addition, the final part of the script ran the Virtual IP Configuration Assistant (VIPCA) in
    silent mode, but it failed. This is because my public IP addresses are actually within the
    "192.168.255.255" range which is a private IP range. If you were using "legal" IP addresses you
    would not see this and you could ignore the following VIPCA steps.

    Run the VIPCA manually as the root user on the RAC2 node using the following command.

             # cd /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin
             # ./vipca


    Click the "Next" button on the VIPCA welcome screen.




    Highlight the "eth0" interface and click the "Next" button.




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    Enter the vitual IP alias and address for each node. Once you enter the first alias, the remaining
    values should default automatically. Click the "Next" button to continue.




    Accept the summary information by clicking the "Finish" button.




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    Wait until the configuration is complete, then click the "OK" button.




    Accept the VIPCA results by clicking the "Exit" button.




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    You should now return to the "Execute Configuration Scripts" screen on RAC1 and click the "OK"
    button.




    Wait for the configuration assistants to complete.




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    When the installation is complete, click the "Exit" button to leave the installer.




    The clusterware installation is now complete.

    Install the Database Software
    Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Oracle installer.

             cd /u02/database
             ./runInstaller




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    On the "Welcome" screen, click the "Next" button.




    Select the "Enterprise Edition" option and click the "Next" button.




    Enter the name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button.




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    Select the "Cluster Install" option and make sure both RAC nodes are selected, the click the "Next"
    button.




    Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests
    before clicking the "Next" button.




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    Select the "Install database Software only" option, then click the "Next" button.




    On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue.




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    Wait while the database software installs.




    Once the installation is complete, wait while the configuration assistants run.




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    Execute the "root.sh" scripts on both nodes, as instructed on the "Execute Configuration scripts"
    screen, then click the "OK" button.




    When the installation is complete, click the "Exit" button to leave the installer.




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    Create a Database using the DBCA
    Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Database Configuration Assistant.

            dbca


    On the "Welcome" screen, select the "Oracle Real Application Clusters database" option and click
    the "Next" button.




    Select the "Create a Database" option and click the "Next" button.




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    Highlight both RAC nodes and click the "Next" button.




    Select the "Custom Database" option and click the "Next" button.




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    Enter the values "RAC.WORLD" and "RAC" for the Global Database Name and SID Prefix
    respectively, then click the "Next" button.




    Accept the management options by clicking the "Next" button. If you are attempting the installation
    on a server with limited memory, you may prefer not to configure Enterprise Manager at this time.




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    Enter database passwords then click the "Next" button.




    Select the "Cluster File System" option, then click the "Next" button.




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    Select the "Use Oracle-Managed Files" option and enter "/u01/oradata/" as the database location,
    then click the "Next" button.




    Check the "Specify Flash Recovery Area" option and accept the default location by clicking the
    "Next" button.




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w                                                                                          页码,31/38(W)




    Uncheck all but the "Enterprise Manager Repository" option, then click the "Standard Database
    Components..." button.




    Uncheck all but the "Oracle JVM" option, then click the "OK" button, followed by the "Next" button on
    the previous screen. If you are attempting the installation on a server with limited memory, you may
    prefer not to install the JVM at this time.




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w                                                                                       页码,32/38(W)




    Accept the current database services configuration by clicking the "Next" button.




    Select the "Custom" memory management option and accept the default settings by clicking the
    "Next" button.




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    Accept the database storage settings by clicking the "Next" button.




    Accept the database creation options by clicking the "Finish" button.




    Accept the summary information by clicking the "OK" button.




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w                                                                                       页码,34/38(W)




    Wait while the database is created.




    Once the database creation is complete you are presented with the following screen. Make a note of
    the information on the screen and click the "Exit" button.




    The RAC database creation is now complete.




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    TNS Configuration
    Once the installation is complete, the "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora" file in the
    shared $ORACLE_HOME will contain the following entries.

            LISTENER_RAC2 =
              (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
                (DESCRIPTION =
                  (ADDRESS_LIST =
                    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)(
                  )
                  (ADDRESS_LIST =
                    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.102)(PORT = 1521)(IP = F
                  )
                  (ADDRESS_LIST =
                    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
                  )
                )
              )

            LISTENER_RAC1 =
              (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
                (DESCRIPTION =
                  (ADDRESS_LIST =
                    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)(
                  )
                  (ADDRESS_LIST =
                    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.101)(PORT = 1521)(IP = F
                  )
                  (ADDRESS_LIST =
                    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
                  )
                )
              )


    The shared "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora" file will contain the following entries.

            RAC =
              (DESCRIPTION =
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521))
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521))
                (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
                (CONNECT_DATA =
                  (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                  (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD)
                )
              )

            LISTENERS_RAC =
              (ADDRESS_LIST =
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521))
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521))
              )

            RAC2 =
              (DESCRIPTION =
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521))
                (CONNECT_DATA =
                   (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                   (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD)
                   (INSTANCE_NAME = RAC2)
                )




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               )

            RAC1 =
              (DESCRIPTION =
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521))
                (CONNECT_DATA =
                   (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                   (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD)
                   (INSTANCE_NAME = RAC1)
                )
              )


    This configuration allows direct connections to specific instance, or using a load balanced
    connection to the main service.

            $ sqlplus / as sysdba

            SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 18 12:27:11 2006

            Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.                All rights reserved.


            Connected to:
            Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
            With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining option

            SQL> CONN sys/password@rac1 AS SYSDBA
            Connected.
            SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance;

            INSTANCE_NAME    HOST_NAME
            ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
            RAC1             rac1.localdomain

            SQL> CONN sys/password@rac2 AS SYSDBA
            Connected.
            SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance;

            INSTANCE_NAME    HOST_NAME
            ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
            RAC2             rac2.localdomain

            SQL> CONN sys/password@rac AS SYSDBA
            Connected.
            SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance;

            INSTANCE_NAME    HOST_NAME
            ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
            RAC1             rac1.localdomain

            SQL>


    Check the Status of the RAC
    There are several ways to check the status of the RAC. The srvctl utility shows the current
    configuration and status of the RAC database.

            $ srvctl config database -d RAC
            rac1 RAC1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
            rac2 RAC2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
            $




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            $ srvctl status database -d RAC
            Instance RAC1 is running on node rac1
            Instance RAC2 is running on node rac2
            $


    The V$ACTIVE_INSTANCES view can also display the current status of the instances.

            $ sqlplus / as sysdba

            SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 18 12:15:15 2006

            Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.                All rights reserved.


            Connected to:
            Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
            With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining option

            SQL> SELECT * FROM v$active_instances;

            INST_NUMBER      INST_NAME
            -----------      ------------------------------------------------------------
                      1      rac1.localdomain:RAC1
                      2      rac2.localdomain:RAC2

            SQL>


    Finally, the GV$ allow you to display global information for the whole RAC.

            SQL> SELECT inst_id, username, sid, serial# FROM gv$session WHERE username IS

               INST_ID     USERNAME                              SID    SERIAL#
            ----------     ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
                     1     SYS                                   127          2
                     1     SYS                                   128         28
                     1     SYS                                   130         10
                     1     SYS                                   131          4
                     1     SYS                                   133          9
                     1     DBSNMP                                134         27
                     1     DBSNMP                                135          1
                     1     SYS                                   153        122
                     2     SYSMAN                                120        243
                     2     DBSNMP                                122         37
                     2     DBSNMP                                124         93

               INST_ID     USERNAME                              SID    SERIAL#
            ----------     ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
                     2     SYSMAN                                125          2
                     2     SYSMAN                                127          6
                     2     SYS                                   128         26
                     2     SYS                                   129         30
                     2     SYS                                   130          3
                     2     SYS                                   133        149
                     2     SYSMAN                                134         58
                     2     SYS                                   136         32

            19 rows selected.

            SQL>




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    If you have configured Enterprise Manager, it can be used to view the configuration and current
    status of the database.




    Direct and Asynchronous I/O
    Remember to use direct I/O and asynchronous I/O to improve performance. Direct I/O has been
    supported over NFS for some time, but support for asynchronous I/O over NFS was only introduced
    in RHEL 4 Update 3 (and its clones), so you need to use an up to date version of your Linux
    distribution to take advantage of this feature.

    You can get details about this Direct and Asynchronous I/O by following the link.

    For more information see:

        • Oracle 10g RAC On Linux Using VMware Server
        • Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.0.1) RAC Installation On Windows 2003 Using
          VMware Server
        • Build Your Own Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 Cluster on Linux and FireWire
        • Installation Guide for Linux x86 (10.2)
        • Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for Linux (10.2)
        • Direct and Asynchronous I/O

    Hope this helps. Regards Tim...

    Back to the Top.

     Automated Assessments Full Analysis of your Datases and Apllications www.ateras.com/
     Malaysia VPS Server 1GB RAM, 100GB HDD from RM 60/month RAID 10 Storage, Cloud Technology          www.thegigabit.com

     SAS Customer Intelligence SAS Can Help with Your CRM Needs. Get Analyst Report, Demo & More! www.SAS.com
     SQL Database Query Tool Script, Edit, Execute, Explore Free. SQL Server, Sybase, DB2 www.sqldbx.com



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Rac on NFS

  • 1. w 页码,1/38(W) Ads by Google Oracle NFS Oracle Rac Oracle Server Home Articles Scripts Forums Blog Certification Misc Search About Printer Friendly Oracle 8i | Oracle 9i | Oracle 10g | Oracle 11g | Oracle 12c | Miscellaneous | PL/SQL | SQL | Oracle RAC | Oracle Apps | Linux Home » Tweet Articles » 10g Search » Here Oracle 10g RAC On Linux Using NFS This article describes the installation of Oracle 10g release 2 (10.2.0.1) RAC on Linux (Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5) using NFS to provide the shared storage. • Introduction • Download Software • Operating System Installation • Oracle Installation Prerequisites • Create Shared Disks • Install the Clusterware Software • Install the Database Software • Create a Database using the DBCA • TNS Configuration • Check the Status of the RAC • Direct and Asynchronous I/O Introduction NFS is an abbreviation of Network File System, a platform independent technology created by Sun Microsystems that allows shared access to files stored on computers via an interface called the Virtual File System (VFS) that runs on top of TCP/IP. Computers that share files are considered NFS servers, while those that access shared files are considered NFS clients. An individual computer can be either an NFS server, a NFS client or both. We can use NFS to provide shared storage for a RAC installation. In a production environment we would expect the NFS server to be a NAS, but for testing it can just as easily be another server, or even one of the RAC nodes itself. To cut costs, this articles uses one of the RAC nodes as the source of the shared storage. Obviously, this means if that node goes down the whole database is lost, so it's not a sensible idea to do this if you are testing high availability. If you have access to a NAS or a third server you can easily use that for the shared storage, making the whole solution much more resilient. Whichever route you take, the fundamentals of the installation are the same. This article was inspired by the blog postings of Kevin Closson. Download Software Download the following software. • Oracle Enterprise Linux • Oracle 10g (10.2.0.1) CRS and DB software http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 2. w 页码,2/38(W) Operating System Installation This article uses Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5, but it will work equally well on CentOS 4 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 4. A general pictorial guide to the operating system installation can be found here. More specifically, it should be a server installation with a minimum of 2G swap, firewall and secure Linux disabled and the following package groups installed: • X Window System • GNOME Desktop Environment • Editors • Graphical Internet • Server Configuration Tools • FTP Server • Development Tools • Legacy Software Development • Administration Tools • System Tools To be consistent with the rest of the article, the following information should be set during the installation. RAC1. • hostname: rac1.localdomain • IP Address eth0: 192.168.2.101 (public address) • Default Gateway eth0: 192.168.2.1 (public address) • IP Address eth1: 192.168.0.101 (private address) • Default Gateway eth1: none RAC2. • hostname: rac2.localdomain • IP Address eth0: 192.168.2.102 (public address) • Default Gateway eth0: 192.168.2.1 (public address) • IP Address eth1: 192.168.0.102 (private address) • Default Gateway eth1: none You are free to change the IP addresses to suit your network, but remember to stay consistent with those adjustments throughout the rest of the article. Once the basic installation is complete, install the following packages whilst logged in as the root user. # From Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5 Disk 1 cd /media/cdrecorder/CentOS/RPMS rpm -Uvh setarch-1* rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3* rpm -Uvh make-3* rpm -Uvh glibc-2* cd / eject # From Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5 Disk 2 cd /media/cdrecorder/CentOS/RPMS rpm -Uvh openmotif-2* rpm -Uvh compat-db-4* rpm -Uvh gcc-3* cd / eject # From Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.5 Disk 3 cd /media/cdrecorder/CentOS/RPMS rpm -Uvh libaio-0* rpm -Uvh rsh-* rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-32-3* http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 3. w 页码,3/38(W) rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-32-c++-3* rpm -Uvh openmotif21* cd / eject Oracle Installation Prerequisites Perform the following steps whilst logged into the RAC1 virtual machine as the root user. The "/etc/hosts" file must contain the following information. 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost # Public 192.168.2.101 rac1.localdomain rac1 192.168.2.102 rac2.localdomain rac2 #Private 192.168.0.101 rac1-priv.localdomain rac1-priv 192.168.0.102 rac2-priv.localdomain rac2-priv #Virtual 192.168.2.111 rac1-vip.localdomain rac1-vip 192.168.2.112 rac2-vip.localdomain rac2-vip #NAS 192.168.2.101 nas1.localdomain nas1 Notice that the NAS1 entry is actually pointing to the RAC1 node. If you are using a real NAS or a third server to provide your shared storage put the correct IP address into the file. Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file. kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 # semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 #fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 #net.core.rmem_default=262144 #net.core.rmem_max=262144 #net.core.wmem_default=262144 #net.core.wmem_max=262144 # Additional and amended parameters suggested by Kevin Closson net.core.rmem_default = 524288 net.core.wmem_default = 524288 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh=524288 net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=393216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem=4096 524288 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem=4096 524288 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=0 net.ipv4.tcp_sack=0 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1 net.core.optmem_max=524287 net.core.netdev_max_backlog=2500 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=128 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=128 net.ipv4.tcp_mem=16384 16384 16384 Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 4. w 页码,4/38(W) /sbin/sysctl -p Add the following lines to the "/etc/security/limits.conf" file. * soft nproc 2047 * hard nproc 16384 * soft nofile 1024 * hard nofile 65536 Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file, if it does not already exist. session required pam_limits.so Disable secure linux by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows. SELINUX=disabled Alternatively, this alteration can be done using the GUI tool (Applications > System Settings > Security Level). Click on the SELinux tab and disable the feature. Set the hangcheck kernel module parameters by adding the following line to the "/etc/modprobe.conf" file. options hangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180 To load the module immediately, execute "modprobe -v hangcheck-timer". Create the new groups and users. groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd oper useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle passwd oracle During the installation, both RSH and RSH-Server were installed. Enable remote shell and rlogin by doing the following. chkconfig rsh on chkconfig rlogin on service xinetd reload Create the "/etc/hosts.equiv" file as the root user. touch /etc/hosts.equiv chmod 600 /etc/hosts.equiv chown root:root /etc/hosts.equiv Edit the "/etc/hosts.equiv" file to include all the RAC nodes: +rac1 oracle +rac2 oracle http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 5. w 页码,5/38(W) +rac1-priv oracle +rac2-priv oracle Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the ".bash_profile" file. # Oracle Settings TMP=/tmp; export TMP TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=RAC1; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export C if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi Remember to set the ORACLE_SID to RAC2 on the second node. Create Shared Disks First we need to set up some NFS shares. In this case we will do this on the RAC1 node, but you can do the on a NAS or a third server if you have one available. On the RAC1 node create the following directories. mkdir /share1 mkdir /share2 Add the following lines to the "/etc/exports" file. /share1 *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash) /share2 *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash) Run the following command to export the NFS shares. chkconfig nfs on service nfs restart On both RAC1 and RAC2 create some mount points to mount the NFS shares to. mkdir /u01 mkdir /u02 Add the following lines to the "/etc/fstab" file. The mount options are suggestions from Kevin Closson. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 6. w 页码,6/38(W) nas1:/share1 /u01 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=300,rsize=32768,w nas1:/share2 /u02 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=300,rsize=32768,w Mount the NFS shares on both servers. mount /u01 mount /u02 Create the shared CRS Configuration and Voting Disk files. touch /u01/crs_configuration touch /u01/voting_disk Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed. mkdir -p /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 mkdir -p /u01/oradata chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02 Install the Clusterware Software Place the clusterware and database software in the "/u02" directory and unzip it. cd /u02 unzip 10201_clusterware_linux32.zip unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Oracle installer. cd /u02/clusterware ./runInstaller On the "Welcome" screen, click the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 7. w 页码,7/38(W) Accept the default inventory location by clicking the "Next" button. Enter the appropriate name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 8. w 页码,8/38(W) Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests before clicking the "Next" button. The "Specify Cluster Configuration" screen shows only the RAC1 node in the cluster. Click the "Add" button to continue. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 9. w 页码,9/38(W) Enter the details for the RAC2 node and click the "OK" button. Click the "Next" button to continue. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 10. w 页码,10/38(W) The "Specific Network Interface Usage" screen defines how each network interface will be used. Highlight the "eth0" interface and click the "Edit" button. Set the "eht0" interface type to "Public" and click the "OK" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 11. w 页码,11/38(W) Leave the "eth1" interface as private and click the "Next" button. Click the "External Redundancy" option, enter "/u01/ocr_configuration" as the OCR Location and click the "Next" button. To have greater redundancy we would need to define another shared disk for an alternate location. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 12. w 页码,12/38(W) Click the "External Redundancy" option, enter "/u01/voting_disk" as the Voting Disk Location and click the "Next" button. To have greater redundancy we would need to define another shared disk for an alternate location. On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 13. w 页码,13/38(W) Wait while the installation takes place. Once the install is complete, run the orainstRoot.sh and root.sh scripts on both nodes as directed on the following screen. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 14. w 页码,14/38(W) The output from the orainstRoot.sh file should look something like that listed below. # cd /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory # ./orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770. Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete # The output of the root.sh will vary a little depending on the node it is run on. The following text is the output from the RAC1 node. # cd /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs # ./root.sh WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured /etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now. Setting the permissions on OCR backup directory Setting up NS directories Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root assigning default hostname rac1 for node 1. assigning default hostname rac2 for node 2. Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys. Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897. node <nodenumber>: <nodename> <private interconnect name> <hostname> node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1 node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2 Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'.. Operation successful. Now formatting voting device: /u01/voting_disk Format of 1 voting devices complete. Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds. Adding daemons to inittab http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 15. w 页码,15/38(W) Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds. CSS is active on these nodes. rac1 CSS is inactive on these nodes. rac2 Local node checking complete. Run root.sh on remaining nodes to start CRS daemons. # Ignore the directory ownership warnings. We should really use a separate directory structure for the clusterware so it can be owned by the root user, but it has little effect on the finished results. The output from the RAC2 node is listed below. # /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs # ./root.sh WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured /etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now. Setting the permissions on OCR backup directory Setting up NS directories Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle/product' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs/oracle' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01/crs' is not owned by root WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root clscfg: EXISTING configuration version 3 detected. clscfg: version 3 is 10G Release 2. assigning default hostname rac1 for node 1. assigning default hostname rac2 for node 2. Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys. Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897. node <nodenumber>: <nodename> <private interconnect name> <hostname> node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1 node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2 clscfg: Arguments check out successfully. NO KEYS WERE WRITTEN. Supply -force parameter to override. -force is destructive and will destroy any previous cluster configuration. Oracle Cluster Registry for cluster has already been initialized Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds. Adding daemons to inittab Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds. CSS is active on these nodes. rac1 rac2 CSS is active on all nodes. Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start Oracle CRS stack installed and running under init(1M) Running vipca(silent) for configuring nodeapps http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 16. w 页码,16/38(W) The given interface(s), "eth0" is not public. Public interfaces should be use # Here you can see that some of the configuration steps are omitted as they were done by the first node. In addition, the final part of the script ran the Virtual IP Configuration Assistant (VIPCA) in silent mode, but it failed. This is because my public IP addresses are actually within the "192.168.255.255" range which is a private IP range. If you were using "legal" IP addresses you would not see this and you could ignore the following VIPCA steps. Run the VIPCA manually as the root user on the RAC2 node using the following command. # cd /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin # ./vipca Click the "Next" button on the VIPCA welcome screen. Highlight the "eth0" interface and click the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 17. w 页码,17/38(W) Enter the vitual IP alias and address for each node. Once you enter the first alias, the remaining values should default automatically. Click the "Next" button to continue. Accept the summary information by clicking the "Finish" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 18. w 页码,18/38(W) Wait until the configuration is complete, then click the "OK" button. Accept the VIPCA results by clicking the "Exit" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 19. w 页码,19/38(W) You should now return to the "Execute Configuration Scripts" screen on RAC1 and click the "OK" button. Wait for the configuration assistants to complete. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 20. w 页码,20/38(W) When the installation is complete, click the "Exit" button to leave the installer. The clusterware installation is now complete. Install the Database Software Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Oracle installer. cd /u02/database ./runInstaller http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 21. w 页码,21/38(W) On the "Welcome" screen, click the "Next" button. Select the "Enterprise Edition" option and click the "Next" button. Enter the name and path for the Oracle Home and click the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 22. w 页码,22/38(W) Select the "Cluster Install" option and make sure both RAC nodes are selected, the click the "Next" button. Wait while the prerequisite checks are done. If you have any failures correct them and retry the tests before clicking the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 23. w 页码,23/38(W) Select the "Install database Software only" option, then click the "Next" button. On the "Summary" screen, click the "Install" button to continue. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 24. w 页码,24/38(W) Wait while the database software installs. Once the installation is complete, wait while the configuration assistants run. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 25. w 页码,25/38(W) Execute the "root.sh" scripts on both nodes, as instructed on the "Execute Configuration scripts" screen, then click the "OK" button. When the installation is complete, click the "Exit" button to leave the installer. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 26. w 页码,26/38(W) Create a Database using the DBCA Login to RAC1 as the oracle user and start the Database Configuration Assistant. dbca On the "Welcome" screen, select the "Oracle Real Application Clusters database" option and click the "Next" button. Select the "Create a Database" option and click the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 27. w 页码,27/38(W) Highlight both RAC nodes and click the "Next" button. Select the "Custom Database" option and click the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 28. w 页码,28/38(W) Enter the values "RAC.WORLD" and "RAC" for the Global Database Name and SID Prefix respectively, then click the "Next" button. Accept the management options by clicking the "Next" button. If you are attempting the installation on a server with limited memory, you may prefer not to configure Enterprise Manager at this time. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 29. w 页码,29/38(W) Enter database passwords then click the "Next" button. Select the "Cluster File System" option, then click the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 30. w 页码,30/38(W) Select the "Use Oracle-Managed Files" option and enter "/u01/oradata/" as the database location, then click the "Next" button. Check the "Specify Flash Recovery Area" option and accept the default location by clicking the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 31. w 页码,31/38(W) Uncheck all but the "Enterprise Manager Repository" option, then click the "Standard Database Components..." button. Uncheck all but the "Oracle JVM" option, then click the "OK" button, followed by the "Next" button on the previous screen. If you are attempting the installation on a server with limited memory, you may prefer not to install the JVM at this time. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 32. w 页码,32/38(W) Accept the current database services configuration by clicking the "Next" button. Select the "Custom" memory management option and accept the default settings by clicking the "Next" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 33. w 页码,33/38(W) Accept the database storage settings by clicking the "Next" button. Accept the database creation options by clicking the "Finish" button. Accept the summary information by clicking the "OK" button. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 34. w 页码,34/38(W) Wait while the database is created. Once the database creation is complete you are presented with the following screen. Make a note of the information on the screen and click the "Exit" button. The RAC database creation is now complete. http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 35. w 页码,35/38(W) TNS Configuration Once the installation is complete, the "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora" file in the shared $ORACLE_HOME will contain the following entries. LISTENER_RAC2 = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)( ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.102)(PORT = 1521)(IP = F ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) ) ) ) LISTENER_RAC1 = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)( ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.101)(PORT = 1521)(IP = F ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) ) ) ) The shared "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora" file will contain the following entries. RAC = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)) (LOAD_BALANCE = yes) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD) ) ) LISTENERS_RAC = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)) ) RAC2 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD) (INSTANCE_NAME = RAC2) ) http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 36. w 页码,36/38(W) ) RAC1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.lynx.co.uk)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.WORLD) (INSTANCE_NAME = RAC1) ) ) This configuration allows direct connections to specific instance, or using a load balanced connection to the main service. $ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 18 12:27:11 2006 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining option SQL> CONN sys/password@rac1 AS SYSDBA Connected. SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ RAC1 rac1.localdomain SQL> CONN sys/password@rac2 AS SYSDBA Connected. SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ RAC2 rac2.localdomain SQL> CONN sys/password@rac AS SYSDBA Connected. SQL> SELECT instance_name, host_name FROM v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ RAC1 rac1.localdomain SQL> Check the Status of the RAC There are several ways to check the status of the RAC. The srvctl utility shows the current configuration and status of the RAC database. $ srvctl config database -d RAC rac1 RAC1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 rac2 RAC2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 $ http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 37. w 页码,37/38(W) $ srvctl status database -d RAC Instance RAC1 is running on node rac1 Instance RAC2 is running on node rac2 $ The V$ACTIVE_INSTANCES view can also display the current status of the instances. $ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 18 12:15:15 2006 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining option SQL> SELECT * FROM v$active_instances; INST_NUMBER INST_NAME ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 rac1.localdomain:RAC1 2 rac2.localdomain:RAC2 SQL> Finally, the GV$ allow you to display global information for the whole RAC. SQL> SELECT inst_id, username, sid, serial# FROM gv$session WHERE username IS INST_ID USERNAME SID SERIAL# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 1 SYS 127 2 1 SYS 128 28 1 SYS 130 10 1 SYS 131 4 1 SYS 133 9 1 DBSNMP 134 27 1 DBSNMP 135 1 1 SYS 153 122 2 SYSMAN 120 243 2 DBSNMP 122 37 2 DBSNMP 124 93 INST_ID USERNAME SID SERIAL# ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 2 SYSMAN 125 2 2 SYSMAN 127 6 2 SYS 128 26 2 SYS 129 30 2 SYS 130 3 2 SYS 133 149 2 SYSMAN 134 58 2 SYS 136 32 19 rows selected. SQL> http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10
  • 38. w 页码,38/38(W) If you have configured Enterprise Manager, it can be used to view the configuration and current status of the database. Direct and Asynchronous I/O Remember to use direct I/O and asynchronous I/O to improve performance. Direct I/O has been supported over NFS for some time, but support for asynchronous I/O over NFS was only introduced in RHEL 4 Update 3 (and its clones), so you need to use an up to date version of your Linux distribution to take advantage of this feature. You can get details about this Direct and Asynchronous I/O by following the link. For more information see: • Oracle 10g RAC On Linux Using VMware Server • Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.0.1) RAC Installation On Windows 2003 Using VMware Server • Build Your Own Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 Cluster on Linux and FireWire • Installation Guide for Linux x86 (10.2) • Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for Linux (10.2) • Direct and Asynchronous I/O Hope this helps. Regards Tim... Back to the Top. Automated Assessments Full Analysis of your Datases and Apllications www.ateras.com/ Malaysia VPS Server 1GB RAM, 100GB HDD from RM 60/month RAID 10 Storage, Cloud Technology www.thegigabit.com SAS Customer Intelligence SAS Can Help with Your CRM Needs. Get Analyst Report, Demo & More! www.SAS.com SQL Database Query Tool Script, Edit, Execute, Explore Free. SQL Server, Sybase, DB2 www.sqldbx.com 32 comments, read/add them... Tweet Home | Articles | Scripts | Forums | Blog | Certification | Misc | Search | About Copyright & Disclaimer HTML CSS http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/oracle-db-10gr2-rac-installation-on-linux-usin... 2012/5/10