3. Forecasting
• To determine objectives and policies.
• Analysing past and present trends.
• Making sound predictions and
anticipating events.
• Selecting from alternatives
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4. Planning
• To produce programmes, schedules,
procedures, and budgets. Determining the
• Sequence of events.
• Timing of events.
• Methods to be used.
• Resources required.
4
5. Organising
To divide up the total task into sub-tasks
and allocate them to
individuals/groups. To ensure that all
the resources necessary to complete
the task are available.
5
6. Organising (cont)
Determining
• Total task requirements to achieve
objectives.
• The division of the total task into sub-tasks.
• The grouping of sub-tasks.
• Selecting individuals to perform each sub-
task.
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7. Motivating / Commanding /
Directing
To stimulate individuals/groups to maximum
effort.
• Encouraging.
• Praising.
• Envisioning.
• Persuading
Originally termed 'commanding' by Fayol.
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8. Co-ordinating
To achieve unity of effort by ensuring that the
previously divided up sub tasks are
integrated.
• Maintaining harmony.
• Maintaining balance.
• Linking previously separated tasks.
• Liaising between individuals and teams.
8
9. Controlling
To check that activities
are progressing
according to plan.
• Devising and
measuring systems
and media at all
levels.
• Comparing actual
with planned
performance.
9
10. Controlling
To check that activities
are progressing
according to plan.
• Devising and
measuring systems
and media at all
levels.
• Comparing actual
with planned
performance.
9
