2. Overview
Types
History
Population
Disparities
Morbidity and Mortality
Non-Fatal Symptoms
Treatments
Cures
Future Hope
Summary
3. Types of Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Diabetes Insipidus
Gestational Diabetes
Maturity Onset Diabetes
4. History
Hesire (Hesi-Ra) Egyptian physician 1552 B.C.
Described diabetes as“the passing of too much urine”
English physician Tomas Willis 1679 A.D.
Reported diabetic urine to be “sweet”
Matthew Dobson, Liverpool, 1776 A.D.
Scientifically proved 'saccharine materials' in urine was a symptom of
diabetes.
Apollinaire Bouchardat, French M.D. 1871 A.D.
Developed “diets” for diabetic patients after war rationing reduced
symptoms
Known to be fatal until the 1920’s
5. Population
23.6 million Americans have Diabetes
17.9 diagnosed and 5.7 million undiagnosed
1 in every 400-600 children and adolescents
186,200 under the age of 20
23.5 million are between the ages of 20-60
12 million men and 11.5 million women
12.2 million are over the age of 60
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTgBvJsHcCk
6. Disparities
Prevalent propensity for Diabetes in these
populations:3
African American
Native American
Asian American
Pacific Islander
Hispanic American
7. Disparities
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Less than 10 years 10-19 years
Rate(per100,000peryear)
Type 2
Type 1
ALL NHW AA H API AI ALL NHW AA H API AI
* NHW=Non-Hispanic whites; AA=African Americans; H=Hispanics; API=Asians/Pacific Islanders; AI=American Indians
Rate of new cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among
youth aged <20 years, by race/ethnicity, 2002–2003
8. Morbidity and Mortality
Heart Disease and Stroke
Attributed 68% to heart disease related deaths
Attributed 16% to stroke related deaths
Death rate 2 to 4 times higher than non-diabetics
High Blood Pressure
Found in 75% of diabetic adults
Blindness
Leading cause among adults age 20-74 with diabetes
9. Morbidity and Mortality
Kidney Disease
Leading cause of kidney failure
Accounts for 44% of all reports
Neuropathy (Nervous System Damage)
60% to 70% have mild to severe form
Amputations
Accounts for 60% of non-traumatic lower-limb
amputations
Mortality
Seventh leading cause of death in 2004
10. Non-Fatal Complications
Bladder control problems for women
Erectile dysfunction for men
Kidney Disease
Gastro paresis
Eye Disease
11. Common Symptoms
Frequent urination
Increase blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
Irritability / Rage
Neuropathy
Slow to heal
Sweet breath and urine
12. Treatments
For Type 1: Insulin, Nutrition, Exercise
For Type 2: Medication, Nutrition, Exercise
Increase your level of physical activity.
Keep up with physical check ups with your
doctor.
Follow the advice of your physician
Insulin therapy
Oral medications
Eat a well balanced diet low in sugar/carbs.
13. Future Hope
Estimated 438 million to be diagnosed by 2030
Increase of 3% children with Type 1 by 2030
Researchers working to isolate “diabetic” gene
Researchers searching stem-cell replacement for
type 1
Educators and Medical professionals increasing
awareness to community gardening
Increased awareness of healthy eating habits
Correlation between diet and nutrition
14. Summary
Type 1 Diabetes accounts for 5-10% of all
diabetes cases in America
Type 2 Diabetes is a growing epidemic not
just an adult disease anymore; it can be
easily managed through:
Healthy Eating
Exercise
Education
Seventh cause of death in America but it
does not have to be.
15. References
Your Family and Diabetes. (2010). History of Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.your-family-
and-diabetes.com/history_of_diabetes.html
American Diabetes Association. (2010). Diabetes Statistics. Retrieved from
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/
Center for Disease Control. (2007). National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2007. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2007.pdf
American Diabetes Association, (2003). Diabetes A to Z (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia:
American Diabetes Association.
Barrier, P. (2005). Type 2 Diabetes for Beginners. Alexandria, Virginia: American Diabetes
Association.
National Institute of Diabetes. (2009). Complications of Diabetes. Retrieved from
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/complications/
Oxford Publishing, Inc.. (2010). "Diabetes" the Oxford Companion to the Body. Retrieved from
http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t128.e274
16. References (Cont’d)
McCoy, M., & Bass, P.F. (2009, November). Recognizing Key Diabetes Symptoms.
http://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/recognizing-the-symptoms-of-
diabetes.aspx.
Global stats on p.1: from Diabetes Atlas 2009: www.diabetesatlas.org/content/foreword-0
National stats on p.1: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2008/dicndss-dacsnsd-04-05/pwdd-
iadd-eng.php
Map of diabetes prevalence:
www.diabetesatlas.org/sites/default/files/Map2.1%26lowbar;Prevalence
%26lowbar;2010.jpg
Diabetes and depression: www.diabetes.ca/about-
diabetes/living/complications/depression
World Diabetes Congress general info: www.idf.org/media (press releases)