1. cell structure
Cells

2. Common Cell Traits
Cell membrane
•outer covering of cell
•made of one or more layers of
linked molecules
Cytoplasm
•inside every cell
•gelatin-like
•contains hereditary material that
controls the life of the cell

3. comparing cells

4. comparing cells
nerve cells can be 1m long

5. comparing cells
nerve cells can be 1m long
human egg cell is no bigger than the dot on this i

6. comparing cells
nerve cells can be 1m long
human egg cell is no bigger than the dot on this i
human red blood cells is 1/10 the size of a human
egg cell

7. comparing cells
nerve cells can be 1m long
human egg cell is no bigger than the dot on this i
human red blood cells is 1/10 the size of a human
egg cell
bacterium are even smaller

8. comparing cells
nerve cells can be 1m long
human egg cell is no bigger than the dot on this i
human red blood cells is 1/10 the size of a human
egg cell
bacterium are even smaller
- 8000 can fit inside a human egg cell

10. cell types
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
no membrane bound
structures
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
membrane-bound
structures

11. cell wall

12. cell wall
found in plants, algae, fungi, most bacteria

13. cell wall
found in plants, algae, fungi, most bacteria
tough, rigid outer coverings
that protect the cell and give it
shape

14. cell wall
found in plants, algae, fungi, most bacteria
tough, rigid outer coverings
that protect the cell and give it
shape
Plant cell walls are mainly made of
cellulose....which is?

15. cell wall
found in plants, algae, fungi, most bacteria
tough, rigid outer coverings
that protect the cell and give it
shape
What makes the cell walls rigid? Pectin and lignin!
Plant cell walls are mainly made of
cellulose....which is?

17. cell membrane

18. cell membrane
protective layer around all cells

19. cell membrane
protective layer around all cells
if a cell has a cell
wall, then the cell
membrane is
inside of it

20. cell membrane
protective layer around all cells
if a cell has a cell
what does it do? regulate wall, then the cell
interactions between the cell membrane is
and the environment inside of it

21. cell membrane
protective layer around all cells
if a cell has a cell
what does it do? regulate wall, then the cell
interactions between the cell membrane is
and the environment inside of it
water can move
into and out of cell
through the cell
membrane

22. cell membrane
protective layer around all cells
if a cell has a cell
what does it do? regulate wall, then the cell
interactions between the cell membrane is
and the environment inside of it
water can move food particles and some
into and out of cell molecules enter and waste
through the cell products leave through the
membrane cell membrane

25. cytoplasm

26. cytoplasm
gelatin-like substance
that fills cells which is
constantly moving

27. cytoplasm
gelatin-like substance contains a
that fills cells which is framework called
constantly moving the cytoskeleton -
this helps
maintain or
change the shape
of the cell

28. cytoplasm
gelatin-like substance contains a
that fills cells which is framework called
constantly moving the cytoskeleton -
this helps
cytoskeleton maintain or
helps some change the shape
cells move of the cell

29. cytoplasm
gelatin-like substance contains a
that fills cells which is framework called
constantly moving the cytoskeleton -
this helps
cytoskeleton maintain or
helps some change the shape
cells move of the cell
cytoskeleton is made up of thin, hollow tubes
of protein and thin, solid protein fibers

32. organelles

33. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm

34. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm
What do organelles do?

35. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm
What do organelles do?
★process energy

36. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm
What do organelles do?
★process energy
★manufacture substances needed by the cell

37. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm
What do organelles do?
★process energy
★manufacture substances needed by the cell
★move materials

38. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm
What do organelles do?
★process energy
★manufacture substances needed by the cell
★move materials
★act as storage sites

39. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm
What do organelles do?
★process energy
★manufacture substances needed by the cell
★move materials
★act as storage sites
★are surrounded by membranes

40. organelles
contained within the cytoplasm
What do organelles do?
★process energy
★manufacture substances needed by the cell
★move materials
★act as storage sites
★are surrounded by membranes
★nucleus is usually the largest organelle

41. nucleus

42. nucleus
direct
s all cel
l activ
ities

43. nucleus
direct
s
all cel
l activ
ities
is surrounded by a membrane

44. nucleus
direct
s
all cel
l activ
ities
is surrounded by a membrane
materials en
ter and
leave throug
h t he
membrane

45. nucleus
direct
s
all cel
l activ
ities
is surrounded by a membrane
a nucleolus is also within the nucleus
materials en
ter and
leave throug
h t he
membrane

46. nucleus
direct
all cel s
l activ
ities
is surrounded by a membrane
a nucleolus is also within the nucleus
ction s f or materials en
tains instru cell,
ter and
con n t he leave throug
r yt h in g i DN A h t he
eve d on membrane
foun
whic h are

48. energy-processing organelles

49. energy-processing organelles
cells need energy to:
✤process food
✤make new substances
✤eliminate wastes
✤communicate with each other

51. PLANTS

52. PLANTS
๏food is made in green organelles called chloroplasts

53. PLANTS
๏food is made in green organelles called chloroplasts
๏contain green pigment chlorophyll

54. PLANTS
๏food is made in green organelles called chloroplasts
๏contain green pigment chlorophyll
๏chlorophyll captures light energy that is used to
make glucose

56. ANIMALS

57. ANIMALS
๏energy in food is stored
until it is released by the
mitochondria

58. ANIMALS
๏energy in food is stored
until it is released by the
mitochondria
๏organelles where energy
is released from the
breakdown of food into
carbon dioxide and water

59. ANIMALS
๏energy in food is stored
until it is released by the
mitochondria
๏organelles where energy
is released from the
breakdown of food into
carbon dioxide and water
๏muscle cells are more
active, so they contain more
mitochondria

60. manufacturing organelles

61. manufacturing organelles
proteins take part in nearly every cell activity

62. manufacturing organelles
proteins take part in nearly every cell activity
Proteins:

63. manufacturing organelles
proteins take part in nearly every cell activity
Proteins:
•part of cell membrane

64. manufacturing organelles
proteins take part in nearly every cell activity
Proteins:
•part of cell membrane
•needed for chemical reactions that take place in
the cytoplasm

65. manufacturing organelles
proteins take part in nearly every cell activity
Proteins:
•part of cell membrane
•needed for chemical reactions that take place in
the cytoplasm
•are produced on small structures called
ribosomes

66. ribosomes

67. ribosomes
considered an
o rganelle, but they do
t have a m embrane
no

68. ribosomes
idered an receive directions from
cons
ut they do DNA on how, when,
o rganelle, b
embrane and in what order to
no t have a m
make specific proteins

69. ribosomes
idered an receive directions from
cons
ut they do DNA on how, when,
o rganelle, b
embrane and in what order to
no t have a m
make specific proteins
some fl
oat free
ly in cy
some a toplasm
ttach to ,
endopl t he
asmic r
eticulum

70. ribosomes
idered an receive directions from
cons
ut they do DNA on how, when,
o rganelle, b
embrane and in what order to
no t have a m
make specific proteins
some fl
oat free
ly in cy
some a toplasm
ttach to ,
made in the endopl t he
asmic r
nucleolus eticulum

72. processing, transporting, and
storing organelles

73. processing, transporting, and
storing organelles
endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
extends from the
nucleus to the cell
membrane

74. processing, transporting, and
storing organelles
endoplasmic a series of folded membranes
reticulum (ER)
extends from the
nucleus to the cell
membrane

75. processing, transporting, and
storing organelles
endoplasmic a series of folded membranes
reticulum (ER)
materials can be
extends from the
processed and
nucleus to the cell
moved around
membrane
inside of the cell

76. processing, transporting, and
storing organelles
endoplasmic a series of folded membranes
reticulum (ER)
rough materials can be
extends from the
vs. processed and
nucleus to the cell
smooth moved around
membrane
inside of the cell

77. processing, transporting, and
storing organelles
endoplasmic a series of folded membranes
reticulum (ER)
rough materials can be
extends from the
vs. processed and
nucleus to the cell
smooth moved around
membrane
inside of the cell
Smooth ER process other
cellular substances such as
lipids that store energy

78. processing, transporting, and
storing organelles
endoplasmic a series of folded membranes
reticulum (ER)
rough materials can be
extends from the
vs. processed and
nucleus to the cell
smooth moved around
membrane
inside of the cell
Rough ER make proteins
Smooth ER process other
that are moved out of
cellular substances such as
the cell or used within
lipids that store energy
the cell

80. golgi bodies

81. golgi bodies
Golgi bodies sort proteins and
other cellular substances and
package them into membrane-
bound structures called vesicles.

82. golgi bodies
Golgi bodies sort proteins and Proteins are made
other cellular substances and and sent to the
package them into membrane- Golgi bodies. They
bound structures called vesicles. travel in ...

83. golgi bodies
Golgi bodies sort proteins and Proteins are made
other cellular substances and and sent to the
package them into membrane- Golgi bodies. They
bound structures called vesicles. travel in ...
vesicles. Vesicles
deliver cellular
substances to
areas inside the
cell.

84. golgi bodies
Golgi bodies sort proteins and Proteins are made
other cellular substances and and sent to the
package them into membrane- Golgi bodies. They
bound structures called vesicles. travel in ...
Cells have membrane-bound vesicles. Vesicles
spaces called vacuoles for deliver cellular
temporary storage of materials substances to
(water, waste products, food, and areas inside the
other cellular materials). They act cell.
like the refrigerator of the cell.

86. recycling organelles

87. recycling organelles
active cells break down
and recycle substances

88. recycling organelles
active cells break down lysosomes contain
and recycle substances digestive chemicals
that help break down
food molecules, cell
wastes, and worn-out
parts

89. recycling organelles
active cells break down lysosomes contain
and recycle substances digestive chemicals
lysosome membrane that help break down
keeps the chemicals food molecules, cell
from leaking into the wastes, and worn-out
cell parts

90. recycling organelles
active cells break down lysosomes contain
and recycle substances digestive chemicals
lysosome membrane that help break down
keeps the chemicals food molecules, cell
from leaking into the wastes, and worn-out
cell parts
when a cell dies a lysosome’s membrane
disintegrates, releasing digestive chemicals
that quickly breakdown the cell’s contents

92. cell

93. cell a group of cells
make up a

94. cell a group of cells
make up a

95. cell a group of cells
make up a
tissue

96. cell a group of cells
make up a
tissue
a group of tissues
make up a

97. cell a group of cells
make up a
tissue
a group of tissues
make up a

98. cell a group of cells
make up a
tissue
a group of tissues
make up a
organ system