9. Enzymes
Enzymes cause a change to occur in a cell, but the
enzyme is not changed and can be used again.
10. Enzymes
Enzymes cause a change to occur in a cell, but the
enzyme is not changed and can be used again.
Enzymes also can cause molecules to join.
11. Enzymes
Enzymes cause a change to occur in a cell, but the
enzyme is not changed and can be used again.
Enzymes also can cause molecules to join.
Without the right enzyme, a chemical reaction in a cell
cannot take place.
17. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
18. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
19. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
Producers—organisms that make their own food
20. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
Producers—organisms that make their own food
Consumers—organisms that can’t make their own
food
21. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
Producers—organisms that make their own food
Consumers—organisms that can’t make their own
food
What makes producers special?
22. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
Producers—organisms that make their own food
Consumers—organisms that can’t make their own
food
What makes producers special?
They undergo photosynthesis
25. Photosynthesis
the process that plants and other organisms use to convert
light energy into chemical energy or sugars to be used as food
carbon dioxide + water + light energy --> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 6H2O energy C6H12O6 6O2
32. Producing Carbohydrates
Chlorophyll’s role?
capture light’s energy
Where is chlorophyll found?
Chloroplasts
The reactants of photosynthesis are:
light energy, carbon dioxide and water
37. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?
water - soil
CO2 - air
Some of the captured light energy is stored in the
chemical bonds that hold the sugar molecules together
38. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?
water - soil
CO2 - air
Some of the captured light energy is stored in the
chemical bonds that hold the sugar molecules together
What is needed for photosynthesis to take place?
39. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?
water - soil
CO2 - air
Some of the captured light energy is stored in the
chemical bonds that hold the sugar molecules together
What is needed for photosynthesis to take place?
Enzymes are needed for photosynthesis to take
place.
43. Storing Carbohydrates
Plants make more sugar during photosynthesis than they
need for survival.
Excess sugar is changed and stored as starches or used
to make other carbohydrates.
44. Storing Carbohydrates
Plants make more sugar during photosynthesis than they
need for survival.
Excess sugar is changed and stored as starches or used
to make other carbohydrates.
Plants use carbohydrates as food for growth, maintenance,
and reproduction.
45. Storing Carbohydrates
Plants make more sugar during photosynthesis than they
need for survival.
Excess sugar is changed and stored as starches or used
to make other carbohydrates.
Plants use carbohydrates as food for growth, maintenance,
and reproduction.
Consumers take in food by eating producers or other
consumers.
46.
47. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
48. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
49. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
50. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
Muscle cells break down food to get this energy.
51. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
Muscle cells break down food to get this energy.
Some energy is used when you move and some
becomes thermal energy.
52. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
Muscle cells break down food to get this energy.
Some energy is used when you move and some
becomes thermal energy.
Most cells use oxygen also when breaking down
food...that is why you may be breathing more heavily
when you run.....or do .....
53. 100 jumping jacks!
Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
Muscle cells break down food to get this energy.
Some energy is used when you move and some
becomes thermal energy.
Most cells use oxygen also when breaking down
food...that is why you may be breathing more heavily
when you run.....or do .....
56. Cellular Respiration
Some of the energy from the food you eat is used to
make you move.
Some of it becomes thermal energy, which is why
you feel warm or hot when you exercise.
57. Cellular Respiration
Some of the energy from the food you eat is used to
make you move.
Some of it becomes thermal energy, which is why
you feel warm or hot when you exercise.
Most cells also need oxygen to break down food and
that is why you are breathing a bit heavier.
60. Cellular Respiration
Glucose + oxygen --> energy + carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Cellular Respiration - chemical reactions that occur
to break down food molecules into simpler substances
and release their stored energy
61. Cellular Respiration
Glucose + oxygen --> energy + carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Cellular Respiration - chemical reactions that occur
to break down food molecules into simpler substances
and release their stored energy
Just like in photosynthesis, enzymes are needed for
cellular respiration
63. Breaking Down Carbs
The type of food molecules most easily broken down
by cells is carbohydrates.
64. Breaking Down Carbs
The type of food molecules most easily broken down
by cells is carbohydrates.
Cellular Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the
cytoplasm of the cell.
65. Breaking Down Carbs
The type of food molecules most easily broken down
by cells is carbohydrates.
Cellular Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the
cytoplasm of the cell.
The carbohydrates are broken down into glucose
molecules.
66. Breaking Down Carbs
The type of food molecules most easily broken down
by cells is carbohydrates.
Cellular Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the
cytoplasm of the cell.
The carbohydrates are broken down into glucose
molecules.
Each glucose molecule is broken down further into two
simpler molecules.
69. Breaking Down Carbs
As the glucose molecules are broken down, energy is
released.
The two simpler molecules are broken down again.
This breakdown occurs in the mitochondria of the
cell.
70.
71. This process uses
oxygen, releases
much more energy,
and produces
carbon dioxide
and water as wastes.
72. This process uses
oxygen, releases
much more energy,
and produces
carbon dioxide
and water as wastes.
How do you get rid
of the wastes?
73. This process uses
oxygen, releases
much more energy,
and produces
carbon dioxide
and water as wastes.
How do you get rid
of the wastes?
you breathe out!
82. Fermentation
What happens when a cell does not have enough
oxygen for respiration?
the cell releases some of the energy stored in the
glucose molecules ~ this is called fermentation.
83. Fermentation
What happens when a cell does not have enough
oxygen for respiration?
the cell releases some of the energy stored in the
glucose molecules ~ this is called fermentation.
Like respiration, fermentation begins in the cytoplasm.
84. Fermentation
What happens when a cell does not have enough
oxygen for respiration?
the cell releases some of the energy stored in the
glucose molecules ~ this is called fermentation.
Like respiration, fermentation begins in the cytoplasm.
As the glucose molecules are broken down, energy is
released. The difference.....the simple molecules from
the breakdown of glucose do not move into the
mitochondria.
87. Instead, more chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
These reactions release some energy and produce
wastes.
88. Instead, more chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
These reactions release some energy and produce
wastes.
Depending on the type of cell, the wastes may be lactic
acid, alcohol, or carbon dioxide.
89. Instead, more chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
These reactions release some energy and produce
wastes.
Depending on the type of cell, the wastes may be lactic
acid, alcohol, or carbon dioxide.
Lactic acid is what makes your muscles feel stiff and sore
after you work out.
95. Chemical Reactions occur in
cytoplasm and some energy is
released.
e
e
e
Wastes are also produced, such as
lactic acid, alcohol, or carbon
dioxide.
6
96.
97. Some microscopic organisms, like bacteria, carry out
fermentation and make lactic acid. They are used in the
production of yogurt and some cheeses.
98. Some microscopic organisms, like bacteria, carry out
fermentation and make lactic acid. They are used in the
production of yogurt and some cheeses.
Yeasts cells use fermentation and break down sugars in
bread dough. The produce alcohol and carbon dioxide
as wastes.
99. Some microscopic organisms, like bacteria, carry out
fermentation and make lactic acid. They are used in the
production of yogurt and some cheeses.
Yeasts cells use fermentation and break down sugars in
bread dough. The produce alcohol and carbon dioxide
as wastes.
Kimchi
108. • producers use photosynthesis to make
food
• living things use respiration or
fermentation to release energy stored
in food
109. • producers use photosynthesis to make
food
• living things use respiration or
fermentation to release energy stored
in food
• amount of energy released by
fermentation is less than that of
cellular respiration
