1. The Encounters Between
Native Americans and
European Settlers
By Miss Brubaker and Miss Otto

2. Agriculture
• The Europeans originally
went to the Americas,
thinking it was Asia, in
order to find spices for
trade.
• The Europeans brought new
resources, such as horses, to
further advance agriculture.
• The Native Americans
taught the Europeans to be
more dependent on
agriculture.

3. Trade
• Europeans traded cast medal
beads made of silver, brass, and
German silver to improve
relations with the Native
Americans.
• The Native Americans were eager
to trade furs for metal knives, axe
heads, pots, needles, muskets,
cloth, and glass beads.
• Native American tribes that
immediately began to trade with
the Europeans had significant
advantages over other tribes.

4. Cultural Exchanges
• Europeans began to rely
more on agriculture, while
the Native Americans began
to hunt more.
• The Native Americans used
to move around a lot, but
they began to stay on the
same land as the Europeans
began to take it.
• Europeans used to stay in
one place, but gradually
began to move farther and
farther west.

5. Military Alliances
• Native American tribes began
to make alliances with each
other in order to team up
against the Europeans.
• Native American alliances
began to use the same
European military techniques,
such as horses and guns.
• The Europeans began to team
up to make alliances to get rid
of the “lesser” Native
Americans.

6. Broken Treaties
• The Indian Removal Act was
intended for fair exchanges of land
but it really forced the Europeans
to simply push the Native
Americans west of the Mississippi
River.
• The Treaty of Greenville gave the
Native Americans a particular land
reservation, but the Europeans
quickly took it back.
• The Dawes Act of 1887 broke up
pieces of land for the different
Native American tribes. This land
was later taken back and sold by
the European settlers.

7. Massacres
• During the Jamestown Massacre,
in March 1622, Powhatan killed
347 English men in effort to push
the English out of Virginia.
• The 500 Year War was referred to
as being the American Indian
Holocaust, starting when
Columbus arrived in 1492.
• The Battle of Kelly Creek in 1911
is one of the last massacres
between settlers, now Americans,
and Native Americans.

8. Control Over Land
• The Native Americans had no concept of
owning land because they practiced
communal land ownership. This caused
conflicts between the control of land
between Europeans and the indigenous.
• The Indian Removal Act of 1830 called
for Natives to be removed from the states
(their homeland) to federal territory west
of Mississippi in exchange for their
homeland.
• In present day, Native Americans do not
have much land because of the
Europeans. Instead, they live on Indian
Reservations.