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Kalkulus-1 : Sistem Bilangan Real
   A. Sistem Bilangan
   B. Pertidaksamaan
   C. Nilai Mutlak

A. Sistem Bilangan




    Himpunan bilangan asli
    N = {1, 2, 3, 4,...}
    Himpunan bilangan bulat
    I = {..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,...}
    Himpunan bilangan rasional
    Q={ |

    1) Sifat-sifat Bilangan Real
       - Komutatif (pertukaran), hanya untuk penjumlahan dan perkalian

        -   Asosiatif (pengelompokan), hanya untuk penjumlahan dan perkalian
            (      )             (      )    ( )      ( )
        -   Distributif, perkalian terhadap penjumlahan
            (      )
        -   Unsur identitas
            Terhadap operasi jumlah yaitu
            Terhadap operasi kali yaitu
        -   Invers
            Terhadap penjumlahan yaitu –                  ( )
            Terhadap perkalian yaitu

    2) Sifat-sifat Urutan Bilangan Real
       - Trikotomi
           Jika x dan y bilangan real, maka berlaku
       - Transitif
           Jika
       - Penambahan

        -   Perkalian
Semoga Bermanfaat – http://bermanfaatsemoga.blogspot.com


    Sistem Bilangan Real
    Himpunan bilangan real dengan semua operasi dan sifat-sifat yang berlaku di dalamnya dinamakan
    sistem bilangan real
    Penulisan himpunan dalam bentuk interval/selang:
    { |                    [   ] disebut selang tutup
    { |                    (   ) disebut selang buka

    { |                       [    ) keduanya disebut selang setengah buka / setengah tutup
    { |                       (    ]

    { |                   [    ) keduanya disebut selang tak terbatas
    { |                   (      ]

    Supremum Infimum
    a. Definisi unsur maksimum dan unsur minimum
       -

          -


    b. Definisi batas atas dan batas bawah
       -
       -

    c. Definisi supremum infimum

           -
           -
          Supremum bisa juga disebut batas atas terkecil

          -
          -
          Infimum bisa juga disebut batas bawah terbesar

          Contoh:
    A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}               B = (0,4)                         𝐶   { 𝑛 |𝑛   𝑁 (N = bilangan Asli
    Unsur maksimum = 5                Unsur maksimum = 4
    Unsur minimum = 1                 Unsur minimum = tak ada           𝐶              …
                                                                               2 3 4
    Batas atas = 𝑝 5                  Batas atas  𝑝 4
    Batas bawah = 𝑞                   Batas bawah   𝑞                   Unsur maksimum = 1
          𝐴 5                               𝐵 4                         Unsur minimum = tak ada
        𝐴                                 𝐵                             Batas atas   𝑝
                                                                        Batas bawah    𝑞
                                                                              𝐵  𝑡𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑑𝑎
                                                                            𝐵
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   B. Pertidaksamaan
      Pertidaksamaan tidak boleh dikalikan atau dibagi oleh suatu variabel karena variabel tersebut bisa
      bernilai positif atau negatif.
      Pertidaksamaan akan berubah tanda apabila variabel pengali/pembagi bernilai negatif.
      Contoh pertidaksamaan
       -    ( )       ( )
                 ( )         ( )
       -
                 ( )         ( )
       -      ( )
       -      ( )      ( )    ( )
             Dan lain sebagainya

   C. Nilai Mutlak
      Definisi nilai mutlak
      Nilai mutlak dengan notasi | | didefinisikan sebagai:
       | |
       Contoh:
        - | |
        - | 4|                ( 4)        4       4
        - | |
       -     |          |
                                      (       )

       Akibat definisi nilai mutlak
                         | |
                                 | |

       Sifat-sifat Nilai Mutlak
       1. |      | | || |
                       | |
       2. | |          | |
       3. |            |      | |    | |
       4. | |
       5. | |          | |

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[Www.bermanfaatsemoga.blogspot.com] kalkulus 1-sistem_bilangan

  • 1. Semoga Bermanfaat – http://bermanfaatsemoga.blogspot.com Kalkulus-1 : Sistem Bilangan Real A. Sistem Bilangan B. Pertidaksamaan C. Nilai Mutlak A. Sistem Bilangan Himpunan bilangan asli N = {1, 2, 3, 4,...} Himpunan bilangan bulat I = {..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,...} Himpunan bilangan rasional Q={ | 1) Sifat-sifat Bilangan Real - Komutatif (pertukaran), hanya untuk penjumlahan dan perkalian - Asosiatif (pengelompokan), hanya untuk penjumlahan dan perkalian ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) - Distributif, perkalian terhadap penjumlahan ( ) - Unsur identitas Terhadap operasi jumlah yaitu Terhadap operasi kali yaitu - Invers Terhadap penjumlahan yaitu – ( ) Terhadap perkalian yaitu 2) Sifat-sifat Urutan Bilangan Real - Trikotomi Jika x dan y bilangan real, maka berlaku - Transitif Jika - Penambahan - Perkalian
  • 2. Semoga Bermanfaat – http://bermanfaatsemoga.blogspot.com Sistem Bilangan Real Himpunan bilangan real dengan semua operasi dan sifat-sifat yang berlaku di dalamnya dinamakan sistem bilangan real Penulisan himpunan dalam bentuk interval/selang: { | [ ] disebut selang tutup { | ( ) disebut selang buka { | [ ) keduanya disebut selang setengah buka / setengah tutup { | ( ] { | [ ) keduanya disebut selang tak terbatas { | ( ] Supremum Infimum a. Definisi unsur maksimum dan unsur minimum - - b. Definisi batas atas dan batas bawah - - c. Definisi supremum infimum - - Supremum bisa juga disebut batas atas terkecil - - Infimum bisa juga disebut batas bawah terbesar Contoh: A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} B = (0,4) 𝐶 { 𝑛 |𝑛 𝑁 (N = bilangan Asli Unsur maksimum = 5 Unsur maksimum = 4 Unsur minimum = 1 Unsur minimum = tak ada 𝐶 … 2 3 4 Batas atas = 𝑝 5 Batas atas 𝑝 4 Batas bawah = 𝑞 Batas bawah 𝑞 Unsur maksimum = 1 𝐴 5 𝐵 4 Unsur minimum = tak ada 𝐴 𝐵 Batas atas 𝑝 Batas bawah 𝑞 𝐵 𝑡𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝐵
  • 3. Semoga Bermanfaat – http://bermanfaatsemoga.blogspot.com B. Pertidaksamaan Pertidaksamaan tidak boleh dikalikan atau dibagi oleh suatu variabel karena variabel tersebut bisa bernilai positif atau negatif. Pertidaksamaan akan berubah tanda apabila variabel pengali/pembagi bernilai negatif. Contoh pertidaksamaan - ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) - ( ) ( ) - ( ) - ( ) ( ) ( ) Dan lain sebagainya C. Nilai Mutlak Definisi nilai mutlak Nilai mutlak dengan notasi | | didefinisikan sebagai: | | Contoh: - | | - | 4| ( 4) 4 4 - | | - | | ( ) Akibat definisi nilai mutlak | | | | Sifat-sifat Nilai Mutlak 1. | | | || | | | 2. | | | | 3. | | | | | | 4. | | 5. | | | |