4. What is Protégé?
• An open-source ontology editor
• developed at Stanford University
• has more than 200,00 registered users
• has dozens of plugins for
• visualization
• inference
• import and export
• ….
• has an API for developers
5. A bit of Protégé history
• Started more than 20 years ago
• Has gone through many iterations
• Was the first editor to support OWL 1
• Informed the design of OWL 2
• Has a thriving user community:
• conferences
• mailing list
• short courses
8. WebProtégé
•A Web-based application
•edit ontologies in your Web browser
•nothing to install
•Supports distributed editing
•multiple editors can make changes at the
same time
•Includes many collaboration features
•discussion, watches, feeds
12. Collaborative Ontology Development
Collaboration: several users contribute to the
development of one ontology
– Small group → larger community
– Larger ontologies that concern a certain community
– Individual process → social process
Each community does it its own way
13. Use cases of collaborative development in
biomedical domain
• Gene Ontology (GO)
• NCI Thesaurus
• BiomedGT
• OBI, BIRNLex, RadLex
• Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO)
• International Classification:
– of Diseases (ICD-11)
– of Traditional Medicine (ICTM)
– of Patient Safety (ICPS)
14. The NCI Thesaurus collaborative
development process
●
Simultaneous editing in Protégé
clients
●
Custom UI for restricting user
input and enforcing business
rules
●
Development cycle begins after
baseline
●
~20 full-time editors making
changes; 1 “lead editor” who
approves the changes, and
assigns new tasks
●
Released version on NCI
website and BioPortal
Reference ontology for cancer biology, translational science, and clinical
oncology
15. ICD-11
● 11th Revision of the International
Classification of Diseases
● Over 10.000 categories used for coding,
billing, statistics, policy making all over the
world
● Collaborative and international effort
● Current version: published as books
● Goal for the new version: use a more formal
representation and published in electronical
format; use Web-based collaboration and
social platforms for editing
16. Construction of ICD-10:
Revision Process in the 20th
Century
● 8 Annual Revision Conferences (1982
- 89)
● 17 – 58 Countries participated
– 1- 5 person delegations
– Mainly Health Statisticians
● Manual curation
– List exchange
– Index was done later
● "Decibel” Method of discussion
● Output: Paper Copy
● Work in English only
● Limited testing in the field
17. ICD-11 process today
● Over 250 domain experts from around the world
● Organized in groups, which edit different parts of the ontology
18. ICD-11 process today (cont.)
● Each night a snapshot of the commonly edited ontology is
published in a public platform to encourage feedback from
the larger community
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en
● Editorial workflow
● Centrally overseen by WHO
● Peer-reviewed process for the content and structure
● WebProtégé used as the collaborative ontology
development platform
19. Other ways of collaborating: Wikis
● Wikis are well known; Wikipedia
● Semantic Wikis – add semantic extensions to the wiki
platforms
● Assign a wiki page to an entity in the ontology (e.g. the
class “Mountain”)
● Export/import RDF
21. The challenge with wikis
Source: Hoehndorf, Robert, et al. "BOWiki: an ontology-based wiki for annotation of data and integration of knowledge in biology."
BMC bioinformatics 10.Suppl 5 (2009): S5.
24. Other collaboration processes
● Use source control repositories – SVN, CVS
– Text based mechanisms
– Hard to merge local copies in the shared copy
● Locking mechanisms (lock parts of an ontology for editing)
● Use specialized (domain dependent) ontology repositories,
e.g., BioPortal
25. BioPortal
● An open repository of biomedical ontologies developed by NCBO at
Stanford
● Publishing of ontologies, versioning (over 350 ontologies)
● Discussions and structured proposals
● Mappings, views
● Storing metadata
● Search over all ontologies
● Browsing different versions of an ontology
● All content and functionality also available as REST Web services →
mash-up of applications
● Technology is domain independent
● http://bioportal.bioontology.org
29. Useful features for collaboration
● Tools for discussion and reaching consensus
– Add notes to ontology entities (classes, properties, individuals,
axioms)
– Add reviews and change proposals anywhere in the ontology
– Document the decision process and final decisions
● Complete Change history
– Establish provenance
– Retrieve ontology snapshots at any time
– Implement different conflict resolution mechanisms
● Personalized views of an ontology based on:
– User’s role and tasks
– User’s level of expertise
30. Useful features for collaboration (cont.)
● User roles and access control
– Fine-grained control for editing and viewing rights
– Sharing of ontologies
● Publishing released versions of an ontology in a central
location,e.g. a repository
● Scalability, reliability and robustness
34. Creating an Account II
Email address - used for notifications such as ontology changes
User name - displayed next to changes you make and notes that you post
35. The “Home Screen”
Side bar
Project list. Click project
name to open
Create project
Download project
Sign In/Sign Out
Trash projectUpload project
36. The Side Bar
All public projects plus your projects that are not in the trash
Your projects that are in the trash
Only projects owned by you that are not in the trash
37. Projects
A project encompasses: A collection of ontologies
Notes & discussions and watches
Some user interface settings
Some sharing settings
A list of revisions and a log of changes
38. Creating a Project
Create New Project
Project name - does not need to be unique
Project description - appears in the project list
39. Uploading a Project
Upload Project
Project name - does not need to be unique
Project description - appears in the project list
Local OWL file name
41. Public Projects
➊ Select public
➋ Assign permissions for anyone including guests
➌ Assign more fine-grained access for specific users
Enter names in list and press “Add”
42. Private Projects
➊ Select public
Access is restricted to specific users
➋ Assign more permissions for specific users.
Enter names in list and press “Add”
43. Class tree Editor (similar for properties and individuals) Notes & Discussions
Project feed
Editing Class Descriptions
45. Editing Class Descriptions
Display name - corresponds to the value of rdfs:label here
IRI - Internationalized Resource Identifier. Auto-generated, globally unique
“Property values”
(Class expressions under the hood
owl:subClassOf)
Annotation assertions
Values can be class names, datatype names,
individual names, numbers, dates and strings
Language editor for plain literals
Delete row
47. On-the-Fly Creation
New property warning
(helps prevent typos!)
Press the tab key and enter value to create property
(property type will be determined from the value)
49. Display name - corresponds to the value of rdfs:label here
IRI - Internationalized Resource Identifier. Auto-generated, globally unique
“Property values”
(Annotations, property assertions or
class expressions under the hood -
owl:subClassOf)
Type assertions
(rdf:type)
Values can be class names, datatype names,
individual names, numbers, dates and strings
Delete row
Same individuals
(owl:sameAs)
Editing Individual Descriptions
50. Icon Cheat Sheet
Class
Individual (named)
Datatype (xsd:integer, xsd:double etc.)
Property (object/data property)
Annotation property
Number
Date-Time
Literal
Link (http:)
IRI
53. ModellingTask
Build an ontology to describe an online newspaper
or news website e.g. www.nyt.com or www.bbc.com
Goal: Become familiar with WebProtégé
and some aspects of collaborative ontology editing
54. Content
Articles:
title, author, date published, edited by, keywords/topics,
published in section, media (pictures, video), external links
etc.
Advertisements:
Standard ad, personal ad, Service ad etc.
Model different kinds of articles and their properties. For example,
55. Structure
Newspaper:
date published, issue, front matter etc.
Sections:
Domestic News,World News, Editorial, Magazine, Letters,
Commentary,Television Listings,Advertisements,
Appointments/Jobs, Sport, Business etc.
Sections and subsections
Model the structure of a news paper - different sections and how they
fit together. For example,
56. People
Employees:
Columnist, Editor, Section Editor, Reporter, International
Reporter, Manager
name, contact details: email, phone number, role
Other people:
Politician, President,Actor etc. Individual people, e.g.
Barack Obama.
Model the people who contribute to the news paper and people who
are the subject of articles. For example,
57.
58. Custom entry forms for editing the ontology
content
● Easy to create user interfaces for the domain experts
● Use common entry forms, but still keep the ontology
“intelligence” behind it
● A form widget (e.g., text field) is linked to a property in the
ontology
● Easy to create custom forms with different views for
different users
● Hides complex ontology stuff
59. Form configuration in WebProtégé
Form-based editing and configuration of the user interface for the development of ICD-11
http://icatdemo.stanford.edu
61. Importing BioPortal terms into
WebProtégé
(1) Search term in BioPortal ontologies
(2) Get
search
results
(3) Browse
details of
results
(4) Import into WebProtégé with
single click
62. WebProtégé – Make Up
Protégé Collaboration
Framework
WebProtégé
WebProtégé Server
GWT RPC
Server side
Client side
Java
Java
Java at
development time
JavaScript at
run- time
2 parts: server and client
Server is completely
implemented in Java and makes
API calls to the OWL-API and
other libraries
Client side is developed in Java,
and later compiled by GWT into
JavaScript
Communication between server
client is done via GWT RPC or
simple HTTP calls
63. WebProtégé is pluggable
WebProtégé User Interface
(GWT)
Portlets
Event manager Other managers
WebProtégé Server (Java)
Access policies
service
...
Ontology
Service
Notes and
changes Service
pluggable
pluggable
64. Extending WebProtégé
Plug-in infrastructure very similar to Protégé's: create your
own tabs and portlets
Extend: AbstractTab or AbstractEntityPortlet
Implement your own RPCs, if needed
Reuse existing portlet code
Writing a tab – as easy as creating an empty class that
extends AbstractTab
http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/WebProtegeImplementationGuide
65. Resources
●
Online WebProtégé server: http://webprotege.stanford.edu
●
WebProtégé documentation:http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/WebProtege
●
WebProtégé paper: “WebProtégé: A Collaborative Ontology Editor and Knowledge
Acquisition Tool for the Web”, Tania Tudorache, Csongor Nyulas, Natalya F. Noy,
Mark A. Musen, Semantic Web Journal (SWJ) 4 (Number 1 / 2013), 89 - 99
●
WebProtégé in use: “Will Semantic Web Technologies Work for the Development of
ICD-11?”, T. Tudorache, S. M. Falconer, C. I. Nyulas, N. F. Noy, M. A. Musen. The 9th
International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010 (In-Use track), Shanghai,
China, Springer. Published in 2010.
http://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/1646/BMIR-2010-1427.pdf
●
Other References: http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/WebProtege#References
