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MySQL 5.7 GIS
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
MySQL 5.7 GIS
Matt Lord
MySQL Product Manager
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon
in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
3
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
MySQL 5.7 GIS : Agenda
1
2
3
4
5
An introduction to GIS
Common terms and concepts
What’s new in MySQL 5.7
Some real world examples
What’s next for MySQL GIS
4
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
An Introduction to GIS
5
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
“Everything is related to everything else,
but near things are more related than
distant things.”
– Waldo Tobler, “A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in
the Detroit Region.” Economic Geography 46 (1970), p.236
6
Tobler's First Law of Geography
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
What is it?
• Geographic Information Systems
– Features : graphic spatial representations of real-world physical features
• Generally a map of some sort
– Attributes : non-spatial data describing the features
• Name/value pairs used to describe a location and to allow for grouping of data
• Data formats
– Vector data : points, lines, and polygons
• Generally what’s used with an RDBMS, such as MySQL
– Raster data : grid matrix containing cells with thematic layers of spatial data
• Generally used for aerial and satellite imagery
7
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
What Would I Use it for?
• Location services
– Where is something?
– How do I get from Point A to Point B?
– What are the closest <thing>s to me?
– What are the relevant details of each location or Point?
• Understanding and managing the earth
– Agricultural data, natural resource management
– Economic planning & development
– Education
– Science
8
* Source: ESRI
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
How Would I Use It?
9
StoreCollect
AnalyzeVisualize
• Collect spatial data
– Free (OSM, NGOs, etc.), non-free/commercial
– Custom data sources
• Store the data
– Within MySQL tables
• Analyze the data
– SQL queries are used to analyze the data to derive meaningful relationships
• Visualize the data
– Provide maps containing the resulting attributes and relationships
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Common Terms and Concepts
10
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Standards Organizations
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
– Set and maintain the ISO SQL standards for GIS
• Also many others: transformations, markup languages (KML, GML, etc.), presentation, …
• European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG)
– An authority for things such as coordinate reference systems
• CRS/EPSGID/SRID
– Now part of the OGP
• Environmental Systems Research Institute
– A commercial company that is a de-facto standard
• Creators of the very popular Shapefile (.shp) format
• Creators of the very popular ArcGIS software
11
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Common Terms
• Coordinates
– x,y,z coordinates in planar space (4D is m or measure)
– MySQL currently only supports 2D (x,y) coordinates
• Projection
– Allows a spheroidal surface to be represented in planar format
– Necessary for creating “flat” or 2D maps from locations on a spheroid
• Coordinate reference system (CRS/SRS/EPSGID/SRID)
– Defines where a POINT—represented by a longitude and latitude coordinate pair—is
located on the physical earth and defines its relationship to other POINTs
– Also used for calculating distances
12
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Data Formats
• Vector
– Points, lines, and polygons
– Position (x,y,z) is relative in a coordinate system
– Generally used by database servers
– Includes .Shp, .OSM, .KML, .GeoJSON, …
• Raster
– Cells in a grid matrix, tied to an anchor (e.g. the {1,1} cell)
– Generally used in aerial, satellite, and other imagery
– Includes .tiff, .jpg, .gif, and other pixel based formats
13
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Data Sources
• Free
– OpenStreetMap
– Governments and NGOs
– Universities (UCGIS) and other non-profits
• Commercial / Non-free
– Data Depot, Geography Network, Land Info, Macon, NEXRAIN, SPOT image, …
• Custom
– Geoencoding from various sources, such as user generated images and GPS data
• Most media today is automatically geotagged: tweets, photos, Facebook posts, …
– Create custom maps using ArcGIS, QGIS, GRASS, …
14
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Migrating Data
• The OSGeo project
– Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL/OGR)
• Import data from various vector formats
• Convert raster based data to vector format
• ESRI
– ArcGIS
• ArcSDE geodatabase abstraction layer for interfacing directly with database servers
• Convert data between various file formats
• Open Street Map
– Perl (OsmDB.pm) and Java (Osmosis) tools for importing OSM data
15
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
What’s New in MySQL 5.7
16
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Integrating Boost.Geometry
• Replaced custom code
– For geometry representations
– For geometry comparisons
• Provides OGC compliance
– With improved performance
• Boost.Geometry contains
– Field and domain experts
– Bustling and robust community
• We’re also Boost.Geometry contributors!
– Two full-time developers contributing upstream
17
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Spatial Indexes for InnoDB
• R-tree based
– Full transactional support
– Predicate locking to prevent phantoms
– Records contain minimum bounding box
• Small and compact
– Currently only supports 2D data
• We would like to add 3D support in the future
– Supports historical spatial index DDL syntax
18
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Additional Features
• GeoHash
– B-tree indexes on the generated hash values
– Quick lookups for exact matches
– Not very accurate for proximity searches
• GeoJSON
• Additional functions
– ST_IsValid(), ST_Simplify(), ST_Buffer() …
– ST_Distance_Sphere()
• Limited SRID support
– Laying the groundwork for CRS support
19
{
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [125.6, 10.1]
},
"properties": {
"name": "Dinagat Islands"
}
}
GeoJSON Example
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Some Real World Examples
20
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
A Starting Point
• My old apartment in
Brooklyn, NY
– 33 Withers Street
Brooklyn, NY 11211
– POINT(<LONG>,<LAT>)
• -73.951353,40.716914
21
https://www.google.com/maps/place/33+Withers+St,+Brooklyn,+NY+11211/@40.7169144,-73.9513538
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
The Application Use Case
• I’m hungry and in the mood for Thai food
– What Thai restaurants are around me?
– What’s the closest one?
– Can I see the menu, contact info, yelp ratings, etc.?
– How would I get there?
22
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Getting Some Data In
• Download a NYC OSM extract:
– http://osm-extracted-metros.s3.amazonaws.com/new-york.osm.bz2
• Import the data using a customized OsmDB.pm Perl module
– http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OsmDB.pm (original)
– https://www.dropbox.com/s/l17vj3wf9y13tee/osmdb-scripts.tar.gz (customized)
• Creates a Geometry column named ‘geom’
• Creates a spatial index on the ‘geom’ column
23
mysql -e "create database nyosm"
bunzip2 new-york.osm.bz2
./bulkDB.pl new-york.osm nyosm
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
The Generated Schema
• http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Elements
24
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_nyosm |
+-----------------+
| nodes |
| nodetags |
| relationmembers |
| relations |
| relationtags |
| waynodes |
| ways |
| waytags |
+-----------------+
– We’ll focus on nodes and nodetags for our
examples
– Nodes
• A point or location
– Nodetags
• Metadata about each location
• X name/value pairs
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
De-normalizing the Tag Data
• Greatly simplify our query
• Allow for the use of a full-text index
– Also improves performance
• Mimic better schema created by osm2pgsql
– http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Osm2pgsql/schema#planet_osm_nodes
25
mysql> alter table nodes add column tags text, add fulltext index(tags);
mysql> update nodes set tags=(SELECT group_concat(concat(k, "=", v) SEPARATOR
';') from nodetags where nodetags.id=nodes.id group by nodes.id);
* Source: ESRI
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Final Nodes Table
26
mysql> show create table nodesG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: nodes
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `nodes` (
`id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`geom` geometry NOT NULL,
`user` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`version` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`timestamp` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`uid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`changeset` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`tags` text,
UNIQUE KEY `i_nodeids` (`id`),
SPATIAL KEY `i_geomidx` (`geom`),
FULLTEXT KEY `tags` (`tags`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Creating a Distance Calculation Function
• Various great circle (orthodrome) distance formulas
– Haversine, Spherical Law of Cosines (my choice), …
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance
– Necessary for calculating distances between two Geometries
• Need goes away when we support Geography and/or Projections (ST_Transform)
27
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION slc (lat1 double, lon1 double, lat2 double, lon2 double)
RETURNS double
RETURN 6371 * acos(cos(radians(lat1)) * cos(radians(lat2)) * cos(radians(lon2)
- radians(lon1)) + sin(radians(lat1)) * sin(radians(lat2)));
This step is obviated by ST_Distance_Sphere() in 5.7.6!
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Creating a Bounding Box For Our Search
• Utilize the r-tree index by limiting area
– Easy with future spatial reference systems support
• WGS84 or SRID 4326 being the most common
– Need to use some additional geographic formulas
• http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html
• Need should go away with full SRID support
28
${origlon} = -73.951368
${origlat} = 40.716743
${lon1} = ${origlon} + (${distance_in_km}/abs(cos(radians({$origlat}))*111))
${lat1} = ${origlat} + (${distance_in_km}/111)
${lon2} = ${origlon} - (${distance_in_km}/abs(cos(radians({$origlat}))*111))
${lat2} = ${origlat} - (${distance_in_km}/111)
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Calculating the Results
• Our final query, searching within ~ 5 km radius
29
mysql> SELECT id, ST_Distance_Sphere(Point(-73.951368, 40.716743), geom) as
distance_in_meters, tags, ST_AsText(geom)
FROM nodes
WHERE ST_Contains( ST_MakeEnvelope(
Point((-73.951368+(5/111)), (40.716743+(5/111))),
Point((-73.951368-(5/111)), (40.716743-(5/111)))
), geom )
AND match(tags) against ("+thai +restaurant" IN BOOLEAN MODE)
ORDER BY distance_in_metersG
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Examining the Results
30
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 888976948
distance_in_meters: 614.4960479039439
tags: name=Tai Thai;addr:housenumber=206;phone=7185995556;
addr:street=Bedford Avenue;amenity=restaurant
ST_AsText(geom): POINT(-73.958637 40.717174)
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 2178443635
distance_in_meters: 2780.870862846289
tags: microbrewery=no;website=http://www.onemorethai.net/;name=One
More Thai;amenity=restaurant;opening_hours=12:00-22:30;cuisine=thai;phone=(212)
228-8858
ST_AsText(geom): POINT(-73.983871 40.7210541)
*************************** 3. row ***************************
…
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Mapping the Results
31
• From my old place
– -73.951353,40.716914
• To Tai Thai
– -73.958637,40.717174
• Maps APIs
– Google, Bing, Apple, …
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/40.716914,+-73.951353/40.717174,+-73.958637
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
What’s Next for MySQL GIS
32
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Storage Enhancements
• R-tree enhancements
– 3D support
• Improved storage
– Fixed length storage when possible
– Transparent compression
– Transparent encryption
– Improved BLOB handling
• Streaming API, in place updates, …
• Concurrency improvements
– Scaling well on very large NUMA machines
33
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Geography
• Geography types
• Geography functions
• Makes distance calculations very accurate
– Simple ST_Distance() call for distance value in meters
• Makes area searches very easy
– Simple ST_Buffer() call to search a radius of N meters
34
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Additional Features
• Spatial reference system support
– Starting with WGS84 (SRID 4326)
• Projections
– ST_Transform()
• OGC standard Information_Schema metadata
• Additional performance optimizations
• 3D and Geodetic support
• What else would you like to see?
– Let us know!
35
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Appendix : Workbench Spatial Browser
• New in Workbench 6.2
36
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Appendix : Additional Resources
• Manual
– http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/spatial-extensions.html
• Community forum
– http://forums.mysql.com/list.php?23
• Boost.Geometry
– http://www.boost.org/libs/geometry
• Report GIS bugs and submit feature requests
– http://bugs.mysql.com/
37
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Safe Harbor Statement
The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon
in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
38
MySQL 5.7 GIS

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MySQL 5.7 GIS

  • 2. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | MySQL 5.7 GIS Matt Lord MySQL Product Manager
  • 3. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. 3
  • 4. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | MySQL 5.7 GIS : Agenda 1 2 3 4 5 An introduction to GIS Common terms and concepts What’s new in MySQL 5.7 Some real world examples What’s next for MySQL GIS 4
  • 5. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | An Introduction to GIS 5
  • 6. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | “Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.” – Waldo Tobler, “A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region.” Economic Geography 46 (1970), p.236 6 Tobler's First Law of Geography
  • 7. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | What is it? • Geographic Information Systems – Features : graphic spatial representations of real-world physical features • Generally a map of some sort – Attributes : non-spatial data describing the features • Name/value pairs used to describe a location and to allow for grouping of data • Data formats – Vector data : points, lines, and polygons • Generally what’s used with an RDBMS, such as MySQL – Raster data : grid matrix containing cells with thematic layers of spatial data • Generally used for aerial and satellite imagery 7
  • 8. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | What Would I Use it for? • Location services – Where is something? – How do I get from Point A to Point B? – What are the closest <thing>s to me? – What are the relevant details of each location or Point? • Understanding and managing the earth – Agricultural data, natural resource management – Economic planning & development – Education – Science 8 * Source: ESRI
  • 9. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | How Would I Use It? 9 StoreCollect AnalyzeVisualize • Collect spatial data – Free (OSM, NGOs, etc.), non-free/commercial – Custom data sources • Store the data – Within MySQL tables • Analyze the data – SQL queries are used to analyze the data to derive meaningful relationships • Visualize the data – Provide maps containing the resulting attributes and relationships
  • 10. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Common Terms and Concepts 10
  • 11. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Standards Organizations • Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) – Set and maintain the ISO SQL standards for GIS • Also many others: transformations, markup languages (KML, GML, etc.), presentation, … • European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) – An authority for things such as coordinate reference systems • CRS/EPSGID/SRID – Now part of the OGP • Environmental Systems Research Institute – A commercial company that is a de-facto standard • Creators of the very popular Shapefile (.shp) format • Creators of the very popular ArcGIS software 11
  • 12. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Common Terms • Coordinates – x,y,z coordinates in planar space (4D is m or measure) – MySQL currently only supports 2D (x,y) coordinates • Projection – Allows a spheroidal surface to be represented in planar format – Necessary for creating “flat” or 2D maps from locations on a spheroid • Coordinate reference system (CRS/SRS/EPSGID/SRID) – Defines where a POINT—represented by a longitude and latitude coordinate pair—is located on the physical earth and defines its relationship to other POINTs – Also used for calculating distances 12
  • 13. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Data Formats • Vector – Points, lines, and polygons – Position (x,y,z) is relative in a coordinate system – Generally used by database servers – Includes .Shp, .OSM, .KML, .GeoJSON, … • Raster – Cells in a grid matrix, tied to an anchor (e.g. the {1,1} cell) – Generally used in aerial, satellite, and other imagery – Includes .tiff, .jpg, .gif, and other pixel based formats 13
  • 14. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Data Sources • Free – OpenStreetMap – Governments and NGOs – Universities (UCGIS) and other non-profits • Commercial / Non-free – Data Depot, Geography Network, Land Info, Macon, NEXRAIN, SPOT image, … • Custom – Geoencoding from various sources, such as user generated images and GPS data • Most media today is automatically geotagged: tweets, photos, Facebook posts, … – Create custom maps using ArcGIS, QGIS, GRASS, … 14
  • 15. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Migrating Data • The OSGeo project – Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL/OGR) • Import data from various vector formats • Convert raster based data to vector format • ESRI – ArcGIS • ArcSDE geodatabase abstraction layer for interfacing directly with database servers • Convert data between various file formats • Open Street Map – Perl (OsmDB.pm) and Java (Osmosis) tools for importing OSM data 15
  • 16. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | What’s New in MySQL 5.7 16
  • 17. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Integrating Boost.Geometry • Replaced custom code – For geometry representations – For geometry comparisons • Provides OGC compliance – With improved performance • Boost.Geometry contains – Field and domain experts – Bustling and robust community • We’re also Boost.Geometry contributors! – Two full-time developers contributing upstream 17
  • 18. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Spatial Indexes for InnoDB • R-tree based – Full transactional support – Predicate locking to prevent phantoms – Records contain minimum bounding box • Small and compact – Currently only supports 2D data • We would like to add 3D support in the future – Supports historical spatial index DDL syntax 18
  • 19. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Additional Features • GeoHash – B-tree indexes on the generated hash values – Quick lookups for exact matches – Not very accurate for proximity searches • GeoJSON • Additional functions – ST_IsValid(), ST_Simplify(), ST_Buffer() … – ST_Distance_Sphere() • Limited SRID support – Laying the groundwork for CRS support 19 { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [125.6, 10.1] }, "properties": { "name": "Dinagat Islands" } } GeoJSON Example
  • 20. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Some Real World Examples 20
  • 21. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | A Starting Point • My old apartment in Brooklyn, NY – 33 Withers Street Brooklyn, NY 11211 – POINT(<LONG>,<LAT>) • -73.951353,40.716914 21 https://www.google.com/maps/place/33+Withers+St,+Brooklyn,+NY+11211/@40.7169144,-73.9513538
  • 22. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | The Application Use Case • I’m hungry and in the mood for Thai food – What Thai restaurants are around me? – What’s the closest one? – Can I see the menu, contact info, yelp ratings, etc.? – How would I get there? 22
  • 23. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Getting Some Data In • Download a NYC OSM extract: – http://osm-extracted-metros.s3.amazonaws.com/new-york.osm.bz2 • Import the data using a customized OsmDB.pm Perl module – http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OsmDB.pm (original) – https://www.dropbox.com/s/l17vj3wf9y13tee/osmdb-scripts.tar.gz (customized) • Creates a Geometry column named ‘geom’ • Creates a spatial index on the ‘geom’ column 23 mysql -e "create database nyosm" bunzip2 new-york.osm.bz2 ./bulkDB.pl new-york.osm nyosm
  • 24. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | The Generated Schema • http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Elements 24 mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_nyosm | +-----------------+ | nodes | | nodetags | | relationmembers | | relations | | relationtags | | waynodes | | ways | | waytags | +-----------------+ – We’ll focus on nodes and nodetags for our examples – Nodes • A point or location – Nodetags • Metadata about each location • X name/value pairs
  • 25. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | De-normalizing the Tag Data • Greatly simplify our query • Allow for the use of a full-text index – Also improves performance • Mimic better schema created by osm2pgsql – http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Osm2pgsql/schema#planet_osm_nodes 25 mysql> alter table nodes add column tags text, add fulltext index(tags); mysql> update nodes set tags=(SELECT group_concat(concat(k, "=", v) SEPARATOR ';') from nodetags where nodetags.id=nodes.id group by nodes.id); * Source: ESRI
  • 26. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Final Nodes Table 26 mysql> show create table nodesG *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: nodes Create Table: CREATE TABLE `nodes` ( `id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, `geom` geometry NOT NULL, `user` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, `version` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `timestamp` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `uid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `changeset` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `tags` text, UNIQUE KEY `i_nodeids` (`id`), SPATIAL KEY `i_geomidx` (`geom`), FULLTEXT KEY `tags` (`tags`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
  • 27. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Creating a Distance Calculation Function • Various great circle (orthodrome) distance formulas – Haversine, Spherical Law of Cosines (my choice), … – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance – Necessary for calculating distances between two Geometries • Need goes away when we support Geography and/or Projections (ST_Transform) 27 mysql> CREATE FUNCTION slc (lat1 double, lon1 double, lat2 double, lon2 double) RETURNS double RETURN 6371 * acos(cos(radians(lat1)) * cos(radians(lat2)) * cos(radians(lon2) - radians(lon1)) + sin(radians(lat1)) * sin(radians(lat2))); This step is obviated by ST_Distance_Sphere() in 5.7.6!
  • 28. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Creating a Bounding Box For Our Search • Utilize the r-tree index by limiting area – Easy with future spatial reference systems support • WGS84 or SRID 4326 being the most common – Need to use some additional geographic formulas • http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html • Need should go away with full SRID support 28 ${origlon} = -73.951368 ${origlat} = 40.716743 ${lon1} = ${origlon} + (${distance_in_km}/abs(cos(radians({$origlat}))*111)) ${lat1} = ${origlat} + (${distance_in_km}/111) ${lon2} = ${origlon} - (${distance_in_km}/abs(cos(radians({$origlat}))*111)) ${lat2} = ${origlat} - (${distance_in_km}/111)
  • 29. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Calculating the Results • Our final query, searching within ~ 5 km radius 29 mysql> SELECT id, ST_Distance_Sphere(Point(-73.951368, 40.716743), geom) as distance_in_meters, tags, ST_AsText(geom) FROM nodes WHERE ST_Contains( ST_MakeEnvelope( Point((-73.951368+(5/111)), (40.716743+(5/111))), Point((-73.951368-(5/111)), (40.716743-(5/111))) ), geom ) AND match(tags) against ("+thai +restaurant" IN BOOLEAN MODE) ORDER BY distance_in_metersG
  • 30. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Examining the Results 30 *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 888976948 distance_in_meters: 614.4960479039439 tags: name=Tai Thai;addr:housenumber=206;phone=7185995556; addr:street=Bedford Avenue;amenity=restaurant ST_AsText(geom): POINT(-73.958637 40.717174) *************************** 2. row *************************** id: 2178443635 distance_in_meters: 2780.870862846289 tags: microbrewery=no;website=http://www.onemorethai.net/;name=One More Thai;amenity=restaurant;opening_hours=12:00-22:30;cuisine=thai;phone=(212) 228-8858 ST_AsText(geom): POINT(-73.983871 40.7210541) *************************** 3. row *************************** …
  • 31. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Mapping the Results 31 • From my old place – -73.951353,40.716914 • To Tai Thai – -73.958637,40.717174 • Maps APIs – Google, Bing, Apple, … https://www.google.com/maps/dir/40.716914,+-73.951353/40.717174,+-73.958637
  • 32. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | What’s Next for MySQL GIS 32
  • 33. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Storage Enhancements • R-tree enhancements – 3D support • Improved storage – Fixed length storage when possible – Transparent compression – Transparent encryption – Improved BLOB handling • Streaming API, in place updates, … • Concurrency improvements – Scaling well on very large NUMA machines 33
  • 34. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Geography • Geography types • Geography functions • Makes distance calculations very accurate – Simple ST_Distance() call for distance value in meters • Makes area searches very easy – Simple ST_Buffer() call to search a radius of N meters 34
  • 35. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Additional Features • Spatial reference system support – Starting with WGS84 (SRID 4326) • Projections – ST_Transform() • OGC standard Information_Schema metadata • Additional performance optimizations • 3D and Geodetic support • What else would you like to see? – Let us know! 35
  • 36. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Appendix : Workbench Spatial Browser • New in Workbench 6.2 36
  • 37. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Appendix : Additional Resources • Manual – http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/spatial-extensions.html • Community forum – http://forums.mysql.com/list.php?23 • Boost.Geometry – http://www.boost.org/libs/geometry • Report GIS bugs and submit feature requests – http://bugs.mysql.com/ 37
  • 38. Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Safe Harbor Statement The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. 38

Notas do Editor

  1. This is a Safe Harbor Front slide, one of two Safe Harbor Statement slides included in this template. One of the Safe Harbor slides must be used if your presentation covers material affected by Oracle’s Revenue Recognition Policy To learn more about this policy, e-mail: Revrec-americasiebc_us@oracle.com For internal communication, Safe Harbor Statements are not required. However, there is an applicable disclaimer (Exhibit E) that should be used, found in the Oracle Revenue Recognition Policy for Future Product Communications. Copy and paste this link into a web browser, to find out more information.   http://my.oracle.com/site/fin/gfo/GlobalProcesses/cnt452504.pdf For all external communications such as press release, roadmaps, PowerPoint presentations, Safe Harbor Statements are required. You can refer to the link mentioned above to find out additional information/disclaimers required depending on your audience.
  2. The first law of geography according to Waldo Tobler is "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things."[1] This observation is embedded in the gravity model of trip distribution. It is also related to the law of demand, in that interactions between places are inversely proportional to the cost of travel, which is much like the probability of purchasing a good is inversely proportional to the cost. It is also related to the ideas of Isaac Newton's Law of universal gravitation and is essentially synonymous with the concept of spatial dependence that forms the foundation of spatial analysis. Furthermore, it is the founding principle upon which the understanding and corrective measures for spatial autocorrelation have been based upon.[2] The link structure of Wikipedia's collection of geolocated articles has been demonstrated to be consistent with Tobler's first law of geography.[3] References: - Tobler W., (1970) "A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region". Economic Geography, 46(2): 234-240. - Luc Anselin, Spatial Econometrics, 1999 <https://csiss.ncgia.ucsb.edu/aboutus/presentations/files/baltchap.pdf> - Hecht, B., Moxley, E.: "Terabytes of Tobler: Evaluating the first law in a massive, domain-neutral representation of world knowledge".. In Hornsby, K.S., Claramunt, C., Denis, M., Ligozat, G., eds.: Spatial Information Theory, 9th International Conference, COSIT 2009, Aber Wrac'h, France, September 21-25, 2009, Proceedings. Volume 5756 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science., Springer (2009) 88-105
  3. GIS: A computer-based system that stores geographically referenced data layers (features) and links it with non-graphic data tables (attributes) allowing for a wide range of information processing, including manipulation, analysis, and modeling. A GIS also allows for map display and production.
  4. We’re going to focus on simple location services in our examples.
  5. EPSG was folded into The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP) in 2005.
  6. X or northing which will typically be a longitude value, Y or easting which will typically be a latitude value, Z or height (optionally a true geodetic value), and M or measure (which can be used for Time, for example).
  7. University Consortium for Geographic Information Science USGS or United States Geological Survey
  8. Started out as the Generic Geometry Library by OSGeo. Now it’s of course part of Boost.
  9. R-trees are the most common index type used for spatial data. It’s a wide search tree, with some similarities with B-trees. It’s similar in that of course it’s a search tree, and it has root nodes, branch nodes, and leaf nodes. The main differences are: 1. R-trees use pages for each level in the tree, and the page can contain X number of nodes. So the search is not binary at any level. Each level in the tree can have up to some maximum number of nodes. The maximum being set by the specific implementation. 2. You search by bounding box. If the search box overlaps with the MBR stored in a node, then you continue to search down that path, moving to the next child node.
  10. You can set the SRID of geometries in MySQL to any 32 bit unsigned integer, and we will refuse to mix geometries of different SRIDs in the same operation. In calculations, everything will be treated as SRID 0, which in MySQL is a Cartesian system without units (what you get if you don't specify an SRID).
  11. Common alternatives are a fixed address like this, or a GPS location from your mobile device.
  12. I’m using the spherical law of cosines formula because it’s simpler, and thus faster, than Haversine; while also giving us virtually the same accuracy (Haversine is generally more accurate though, particularly for short distances). That’s generally why Haversine is the most common method that you’ll see used. It’s possible that this need goes away later in 5.7 too. We’re looking into possibly adding an ST_Distance_Sphere() function that returns the great-circle earth distance calculation, in meters, between two geometries (which are points containing X,Y or LON/LAT coordinate pairs). ST_Distance_Sphere — Returns minimum distance in meters between two lon/lat geometries. Uses a spherical earth and radius of 6,370,986 meters.
  13. We’ll simply use the average distance between longitude and latitude degrees in our coming example. We don’t need the envelope to be too accurate as we’re simply using it to pass down to the spatial index, and we’re later calculating the actual distance using our new SLC function. The need for this may go away later in 5.7 too. We’re considering adding an ST_MakeEnvelope() function that takes a Geometry parameter (again a POINT containing a LON/LAT coordinate pair) and an integer to create an envelope that would contain all points within the specified number of meters from the Geometry. ST_MakeEnvelope(point, distance) --- Make a rectangle around a point(x,y) so that the distance between the point and the rectangle's boundaries is 'distance' units (km) away. This is done on an abstract cartesian plane and simply creates an envelope that contains all points within a radius of approximately <distance> km around the <point>.
  14. In our example query we’re simplifying the bounding box calculation and using <km>/111, 111 being the average distance in km between longitude and latitude degrees. It’s not very accurate for longitude, in particular the further you get away from the equator, but it doesn’t have to be very accurate for our bounding box as we’re calculating the actual distance with our SLC function. The bounding box is just to pass down to the spatial index so that we can weed out all of the irrelevant points.
  15. Projections allow you to more easily and accurately measure distance and location within a small area using a CRS and SRID values. With 3D support, you have the Z axis in addition to the X and Y axis. The Z axis is then the height, but its taken from a simpler North/South measurement of a sphere. Geodetic data essentially allows you to measure height as well, but far more accurately, using transformations based on various real world phenomena and the measurements of them: for example, the actual shape of the earth (which is an oblate spheroid), the tilt of the earth, and the movement/spin of the earth in space. For example, the Helmert transformation is one common method used in taking the X,Y, and Z axis values, and then transforming them into a very accurate real-world position in 3 dimensional space. Spatial reference systems, in addition to supporting projections, also allow you to easily generate envelopes of MBRs to push down to the spatial index for your searches. Thus alleviating the need to try and create them by hand as we did in our previous example. The OGC I_S tables provide a wealth of information. For example, you can see the definitions of all SRIDs as defined by the OGC and by EPSG.
  16. This is a Safe Harbor Back slide, one of two Safe Harbor Statement slides included in this template. One of the Safe Harbor slides must be used if your presentation covers material affected by Oracle’s Revenue Recognition Policy To learn more about this policy, e-mail: Revrec-americasiebc_us@oracle.com For internal communication, Safe Harbor Statements are not required. However, there is an applicable disclaimer (Exhibit E) that should be used, found in the Oracle Revenue Recognition Policy for Future Product Communications. Copy and paste this link into a web browser, to find out more information.   http://my.oracle.com/site/fin/gfo/GlobalProcesses/cnt452504.pdf For all external communications such as press release, roadmaps, PowerPoint presentations, Safe Harbor Statements are required. You can refer to the link mentioned above to find out additional information/disclaimers required depending on your audience.