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1.
08_ch06b_pre-calculas12_wncp_solution.qxd
5/22/12 3:55 PM Page 44 Home Quit R E V I E W, p a g e s 5 6 0 – 5 6 6 6.1 1. Determine the value of each trigonometric ratio. Use exact values where possible; otherwise write the value to the nearest thousandth. a) tan (Ϫ45°) b) cos 600° c) sec (Ϫ210°) 1؊ ؍ ؍cos 240º ؍ 1 1 cos ( ؊ 210°) ؊؍ 2 1 ؍ cos 150° 2 √؊ ؍ 3 d) sin 765° e) cot 21° f) csc 318° 1 1 ؍sin 45º ؍ ؍ tan 21° sin 318° 1 √؍ Џ 2.605 Џ ؊1.494 2 2. To the nearest degree, determine all possible values of u for which cos u ϭ 0.76, when Ϫ360° ≤ u ≤ 360°. Since cos U is positive, the terminal arm of angle U lies in Quadrant 1 or 4. The reference angle is: cos؊1(0.76) Џ 41º For the domain 0° ◊ U ◊ 360°: In Quadrant 1, U Џ 41º In Quadrant 4, U Џ 360º ؊ 41º, or approximately 319º For the domain ؊360° ◊ U ◊ 0°: In Quadrant 1, U Џ ؊360º ؉ 41º, or approximately ؊319º In Quadrant 4, U Џ ؊41º 6.2 3. As a fraction of , determine the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of 225° in a circle with radius 3 units. 225 15 Arc length: (2)(3) ؍ 360 4 6.3 4. a) Convert each angle to degrees. Give the answer to the nearest degree where necessary. 5 10 i) 3 ii) Ϫ 7 iii) 4 4 ؍a b 5(180°) 10(180°) 180° ؍ ؊؍ 3 7 °003 ؍ Џ ؊257° Џ 229º 44 Chapter 6: Trigonometry—Review—Solutions DO NOT COPY. ©P
2.
08_ch06b_pre-calculas12_wncp_solution.qxd
5/22/12 3:55 PM Page 45 Home Quit b) Convert each angle to radians. i) 150° ii) Ϫ240° iii) 485° 051 ؍a b 042؊ ؍a b 584 ؍a b 180 180 180 5 4 97 ؍ ؊؍ ؍ 6 3 36 5. In a circle with radius 5 cm, an arc of length 6 cm subtends a central angle. What is the measure of this angle in radians, and to the nearest degree? arc length 6 Angle measure is: ؍ radius 5 2.1 ؍ In degrees, 1.2 2.1 ؍a b 180° Џ 69º The angle measure is 1.2 radians or approximately 69º. 6. A race car is travelling around a circular track at an average speed of 120 km/h. The track has a diameter of 1 km. Visualize a line segment joining the race car to the centre of the track. Through what angle, in radians, will the segment have rotated in 10 s? 120 1 In 1 s, the car travels: km ؍ km 60 # 60 30 10 1 So, in 10 s, the car travels: km ؍km 30 3 1 arc length 3 Angle measure is: ؍ radius 1 1 ؍ 3 1 In 10 s, the segment will have rotated through an angle of radian. 3 7. Determine the value of each trigonometric ratio. Use exact values where possible; otherwise write the value to the nearest thousandth. 5 a) sin 3 b) cos 6 c) sec a- 2 b √ √ 3 3 1 ؍ ؊؍ ؍ , cos a؊ b 2 2 2 which is undefined 15 d) tan 4 e) csc 5 f) cot (Ϫ22.8) 3 1 1 ؍tan ؍ ؍ 4 sin 5 tan ( ؊ 22.8) 1؊ ؍ Џ ؊1.043 Џ ؊0.954 ©P DO NOT COPY. Chapter 6: Trigonometry—Review—Solutions 45
3.
08_ch06b_pre-calculas12_wncp_solution.qxd
5/22/12 3:55 PM Page 46 Home Quit 8. P(3, Ϫ1) is a terminal point of angle u in standard position. a) Determine the exact values of all the trigonometric ratios for u. Let the distance between the origin and P be r. Use: x2 ؉ y2 ؍r2 Substitute: x ,3 ؍y 1؊ ؍ 9 ؉ 1 ؍r2 √ r 01 ؍ 1 √ 3 sin U √ ؊ ؍ csc U 01 ؊ ؍ cos U √ ؍ 10 10 √ 10 1 sec U ؍ tan U ؊ ؍ cot U 3؊ ؍ 3 3 b) To the nearest tenth of a radian, determine possible values of u in the domain Ϫ2 ≤ u ≤ 2. The terminal arm of angle U lies in Quadrant 4. The reference angle is: tan؊1 a b . . .7123.0 ؍ 1 3 So, U . . .7123.0؊ ؍ The angle between 0 and 2 that is coterminal with ؊0.3217. . . is: 2 ؊ 0.3217. . . . . .4169.5 ؍ Possible values of U are approximately: 6.0 and ؊0.3 6.4 9. Use graphing technology to graph each function below for Ϫ2 ≤ x ≤ 2, then list these characteristics of the graph: amplitude, period, zeros, domain, range, and the equations of the asymptotes. a) y ϭ sin x The amplitude is 1. The period is 2. The zeros are 0, — , — 2. The domain is ؊2 ◊ x ◊ 2. The range is ؊1 ◊ y ◊ 1. There are no asymptotes. b) y ϭ cos x 3 The amplitude is 1. The period is 2. The zeros are — , — . 2 2 The domain is ؊2 ◊ x ◊ 2. The range is ؊1 ◊ y ◊ 1. There are no asymptotes. c) y ϭ tan x There is no amplitude. The period is . The zeros are 0, — , — 2. . The range is y ç .ޒThe equations of 3 The domain is x — ,— 2 2 3 the asymptotes are x — ؍and x . — ؍ 2 2 46 Chapter 6: Trigonometry—Review—Solutions DO NOT COPY. ©P
4.
08_ch06b_pre-calculas12_wncp_solution.qxd
5/22/12 3:55 PM Page 47 Home Quit 6.5 10. On the same grid, sketch graphs of the functions in each pair for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, then describe your strategy. a) y ϭ sin x and y ϭ sin a - 4 b x y y ϭ sin x 1 x 0 3 2 2 Ϫ1 ( y ϭ sin x Ϫ 4 ) For the graph of y ؍sin x, I used the completed table of values from Lesson 6.4. The horizontal scale is 1 square to units, because the phase shift is . 4 4 I then shifted several points units right and joined the points to get 4 the graph of y ؍sin ax ؊ b . 4 3 b) y ϭ cos x and y ϭ 2 cos x 3 y y ϭ cos x 2 1 y ϭ cos x x 0 5 3 3 Ϫ1 For the graph of y ؍cos x, I used the completed table of values from Lesson 6.4. I multiplied every y-coordinate by 1.5, plotted the new points, then 3 joined them to get the graph of y ؍ cos x. 2 ©P DO NOT COPY. Chapter 6: Trigonometry—Review—Solutions 47
5.
08_ch06b_pre-calculas12_wncp_solution.qxd
5/22/12 3:55 PM Page 48 Home Quit 6.6 11. a) Graph y ϭ 2 sin 3 a + 6 b ϩ 2 for Ϫ2 ≤ x ≤ 2. 1 x Explain your strategy. y 1 3 yϭ 2 ( sin 3 x ϩ 6 ) ϩ2 2 1 1 yϭ sin 3x 2 0 x 11 7 5 3 Ϫ Ϫ Ϫ 6 6 2 Ϫ1 6 6 2 1 Sample response: I graphed y ؍ sin 3x, shifted several points units 2 6 left and 2 units up, then joined the points to get the graph of sin 3 ax ؉ b ؉ 2. 1 y؍ 2 6 b) List the characteristics of the graph you drew. 1 2 The amplitude is . The period is . There are no zeros. 2 3 3 5 The domain is ؊2 ◊x◊ 2. The range is ◊ y ◊ . 2 2 12. An equation of the function graphed below has the form y ϭ a cos b(x Ϫ c) ϩ d. Identify the values of a, b, c, and d in the equation, then write an equation for the function. y y ϭ f(x) 2 x Ϫ 0 2 3 4 Ϫ2 1 Sample response: The equation of the centre line is y , ؍so the 2 1 1 vertical translation is unit up and d ؍ . 2 2 3 ؊ ( ؊ 2) 5 5 The amplitude is: , ؍so a ؍ 2 2 2 Choose the x-coordinates of two adjacent maximum points, ؊ a؊ b 4 ؍ 11 11 ؊ and . The period is: 3 3 3 3 2 1 So, b is: ؍ 4 2 To the left of the y-axis, the cosine function begins its cycle at x , ؊ ؍so a possible phase shift is ؊ , and c . ؊ ؍ 3 3 3 Substitute for a, b, c, and d in: y ؍a cos b(x ؊ c) ؉ d cos ax ؉ b ؉ 5 1 1 An equation is: y ؍ 2 2 3 2 48 Chapter 6: Trigonometry—Review—Solutions DO NOT COPY. ©P
6.
08_ch06b_pre-calculas12_wncp_solution.qxd
5/22/12 3:55 PM Page 49 Home Quit 6.7 13. A water wheel has diameter 10 m and completes 4 revolutions each minute. The axle of the wheel is 8 m above a river. 10 m a) The wheel is at rest at time t ϭ 0 s, with point P at the lowest point on the wheel. Determine a function that 8 m P models the height of P above the river, h metres, at any time t seconds. Explain how the characteristics of River the graph relate to the given information. The time for 1 revolution is 15 s. h At t ,0 ؍h 3 ؍ At t ,5.7 ؍h 31 ؍ (7.5, 13) The graph begins at (0, 3), which is a minimum point. The first maximum point is at (7.5, 13). (15, 3) The next minimum point is after 1 cycle (0, 3) and it has coordinates (15, 3). t The position of the first maximum is 0 known, so use a cosine function: h(t) ؍a cos b(t ؊ c) ؉ d The constant in the equation of the centre line of the graph is the height of the axle above the river, so its equation is: h ;8 ؍and this is also the vertical translation, so d 8 ؍ The amplitude is one-half the diameter of the wheel, so a 5 ؍ 2 The period is the time for 1 revolution, so b ؍ 15 A possible phase shift is: c 5.7 ؍ 2 An equation is: h(t) 5 ؍cos (t ؊ 7.5) ؉ 8 15 b) Use technology to graph the function. Use this graph to determine: i) the height of P after 35 s 2 Graph: Y 5 ؍cos (X ؊ 7.5) ؉ 8 15 Determine the Y-value when X .53 ؍ After 35 s, P is 10.5 m high. ©P DO NOT COPY. Chapter 6: Trigonometry—Review—Solutions 49
7.
08_ch06b_pre-calculas12_wncp_solution.qxd
5/22/12 3:55 PM Page 50 Home Quit ii) the times, to the nearest tenth of a second, in the first 15 s of motion that P is 11 m above the river 2 Graph: Y 5 ؍cos (X ؊ 7.5) ؉ 8 and Y 11 ؍ 15 Determine the Y-coordinates of the first two points of intersection. P is 11 m above the river after approximately 5.3 s and 9.7 s. 50 Chapter 6: Trigonometry—Review—Solutions DO NOT COPY. ©P
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