Alternative energy, and sustainable development

Comenius:
“ Natural Sciences Natural English”

Autora: Isabel Mira Tornadijo.

IES Juan de Garay. Valencia, Spain
19 October 2012.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, CHEMISTRY
AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Autora: Isabel Mira Tornadijo
Comenius: “ Natural Sciences Natural English”
IES Juan de Garay. Valencia, Spain
19 October 2012.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

PROBLEM

WHAT IS THE END OF USED OIL TO MAKE
OUR PLANET MORE SUSTAINABLE?

http://www.elsuralavista.com/

Isabel Mira Tornadijo. Comenius: “ Natural Sciences Natural English” IES Juan de Garay. 19 October 2012. Valencia, Spain


PROBLEM

THROW IT INTO THE SEA?

http://cienciaencanoa.blogspot.com.es

One litre of oil pollutes
1000 litres of water!


PROBLEM

THROW IT AWAY TO A LANDFILL?

The waste generated in the
city is a problem that
becomes larger as the world
population grows.



PROBLEM


Earth is already over-polluted.
The technological
development in the consumer
society leads to the
accumulation of garbage and
debris not assimiliated by
nature. educacioninicial.com



PROBLEM


If urgent measures are not taken, not
only the environment, but the health of
human beings is in danger .

These measures also include
SCHOOL LABORATORIES.



PROBLEM

RECYCLING?

Valencia. Spain



PROBLEM

RECYCLING?

It seems to be the best option

Benavente. Zamora .Spain



PROBLEM

RECYCLING?

BUT… HOW?

How can we recycle used oil?

And what for ?

Can we get useful products,
useful substances?


HOW CAN WE SOLVE THE PROBLEM?

CHEMISTRY WILL HELP US!




FIRST YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT AN OIL IS AND
WHAT CHEMICAL STRUCTURE IT HAS.

STRUCTURE OF A TRIGLYCERIDE

GLYCEROL

Fatty acid Fatty acid Fatty acid




THEN YOU SHOULD KNOW A POSSIBLE
CHEMICAL REACTION: TRANSESTERIFICATION

GLYCEROL

Glycerin appears as a byproduct of biodiesel production
process, obtaining 1 Kg of the same for each 10 kg of biofuel.


TRANSESTERIFICATION

But… Where do we get methanol from?
Methanol (CH3OH) is an alcohol.

The typical feedstock used in the production of methanol
is natural gas.
Methanol also can be made from renewable resources
such as wood, municipal solid wastes and sewage.
But it is also possible to transform glycerine in
methanol for reuse in making biodiesel (an innovative
project).


TRANSESTERIFICATION
GLYCERIN.- Among the main uses are:
-The elaboration of cosmetics such as soaps.
- In the field of medicine used in the preparation of
medicaments in the form of
-- In military disciplines for the manufacture of explosives,
- Preparation of alkyd resins which are used as insulators.
- Fluid separator in capillaries instruments.
- Industry Paintwork.
-- Tobacco industry.
- Textiles providing elasticity and softness to fabrics.
- Manufacture of leather.
- Production of methanol.


TRANSESTERIFICATION

BIODIESEL

Biodiesel is considered a clean fuel because it is:

• NONTOXIC

• BIODEGRADABLE

• MUCH LESS POLLUTING THAN PETROLEUM DIESEL.




TRANSESTERIFICATION

BIODIESEL
Combustion of biodiesel fuel results in much
lower emissions of almost every pollutant:

• carbon dioxide
• sulfur dioxide (one of the main causes of acid rain)
• carbon monoxide
• air toxins and unburned hydrocarbons



BIODIESEL CYCLE

http://www.greenerpro.com/Products.html



THE MOST POSITIVE OPTION IS THE
3 R’S
1.REDUCE GARBAGE
AND DEBRIS

2. REUSE IF POSSIBLE

3. RECYCLE

http://www.environmentalleader.com http://www.greenoptions.com



HOW TO MAKE BIODIESEL IN THE
SCHOOL LABORATORY?
Material and reagents necessary for
obtaining biodiesel

• Rack and test tubes
• Jar with a lid
• Probet / Tube graduate
• Electronic scales
• Waste Vegetable oil
• Catalyst: potassium methoxide = KOH in
methanol to 1.5%.
We must remember the importance of reducing the
amount of chemicals.



SCHOOL LABORATORY?
Procedure for the realization of biodiesel

• Weigh 10 grams of vegetable oil in a small boat fitted
with a lid.

• Add 4 mL of the catalyst.

• Close the bottle with the cap and shake gently.

• After 10 minutes of stirring, the contents is poured into
a cylinder and allowed to stand in the rack. After a while
they should see two layers.



SCHOOL LABORATORY?
• The top layer is biodiesel, which floats
above the glycerol byproduct.



“A PUBLIC SCHOOL FOR ALL”


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