Barcode ticketing allows customers to purchase and display tickets on their mobile phones using barcodes. It offers benefits to both customers and transport operators. Customers can avoid queues and purchase tickets anywhere via their phone. Operators can reduce costs through lower ticket sales costs and encourage ridership. The barcode standard is open and decentralized, using public key infrastructure for security. A soft rollout of barcode scanners is recommended to encourage adoption of the new ticketing method. Case studies show barcode ticketing has been well received by customers and increased uptake of online ticketing options.

1. Barcode Ticketing Self-print and Mobile

2. Barcode Ticketing Goals of eTicketing in general Barcode User Workflow Self-print and Mobile ticket display Selling tickets on the mobile Ticket Inspection Workflow Soft Rollout and then adding Scanners UK Barcode Ticket Standard Open security Barcode and Smartcard comparison

4. Award winning and certified security

5. Ticket sales and delivery from mobile

6. Projects with:Consultancy to set the standardsfor self-print and mobile barcodes mobile tickets for

7. Why introduce eTicking? TOC Incentives: Reduce cost of sales Capex and Opex on people and machines Reduce queues Gather more customer Data Encourage modal shift through down-sell Enable new product types Increase revenue through up-sell and cross-sell Customer Incentives: Avoid the pain of queues Cheaper Tickets, such as Advanced

8. Technology Warning! Just because you cando something with new technology – Does not mean customers will adopt Does not mean that companies will make money from it

9. User Adoption of “new”? Normal people only try a new technology to do something… …if the old way of doing it is painful enough to make them try. At that moment: offer them a better way.

10. Mobile ticket opportunity Only 12% of 2008’s UK rail tickets sold on the internet – most bought at station But most mobile service users do not complete any registration on the web So: Sign up the users when they need it in a queue in a hurry next to a broken ticket machine

11. Barcode Tickets Self-print and Mobile

12. Web Purchase Workflow Self-print Or Mobile Delivery

13. Mobile Purchase Workflow Human readable and scannable tickets (ToD pickup option for routes not accepting Barcode yet)

14. Mobile Barcode Tickets WAP/MMS/Images Any phone with MMS always has WAP SMS-pictures not big enough for RSP Compromise between text and barcode Re-sizing can be an issue DRM not everywhere Smart Application Full-screen, no re-sizing issues Text and barcode separate Application organises tickets

15. Example HEX Tickets Adaptive layout, size, rotation, DRM

16. WAP Ticket Features Flexible Branding and Layout generated from xHTML/CSS Auto-adapts according to handset Size, Rotation, DRM, Image Format Supports gif, png, jpg, dm, drm, dcf WAP Push and SMS Link – autodetect Users don’t need to register Friendly file names - 12JuntoDoncaster.dm

18. Optimised data entry

19. Faster responses

20. Catch mistakes quicker

21. SMS failover from GPRS

22. Avoid settings, reception & roaming problems

23. Cheaper + faster for the user

24. Send only the data

26. Repeat Purchase

27. Key Usability Points: No sign-up process! no usernames no passwords Mostly off-line interface, SMS backup Fast repeated regular purchases Full screen barcodes for fast scanning

28. UK Rail Barcode Ticket Standard RSPS3001 Approved in December 2008as the UK standard for self print and mobile barcode rail ticketing

29. Shared Barcode Standard Public and open security Based on standard SSL certificates Each TOC generates and sign tickets with their own private key Scanners only contain list of TOC public keys to scan and validate Decentralised system robust and can operate off-line cheap to implement and use Share self-print and mobile barcodes between Operators and 3rd party retailers Integrate with standard EPOS

30. Do tickets need security? Early e-ticketing systems just used numbers as tickets Limited barcode tickets to either: Advanced Tickets, with manifest synchronised to the guard’s devices Or guards perform live check via WiFi/GPRS Problem: real systems cannot guarantee live connections or synchronisations

31. PKI vs ITSO/Oyster ITSO and Oyster are Symmetric =Same Keys PKI is Asymmetric =Different Keys Private key to create ticket (safe on TIS server) Private key to create ticket Private key to check ticket (some risk from key theft) PublicKeyto check ticket (no risk from key theft)

32. Open PKI Security Model Traceability, and no security risk from theft of scanning devices If private keys are leaked, only the vendor that loses the keys is affected 3rd parties and other EPOS vendors can take part, even taxis and coffee shops can scan and validate cross-sale tickets or entitlements

33. Easy to Scan and Validate Offline validation from software Add to existing EPOS or gate systems No mobile databases required No synchronisation of valid tickets from one Train or Bus Co. to another (too much data, too unreliable) Enables Walk-up tickets

34. Forgeries and Copies Isn’t it easy to photocopy a self-print paper ticket? What if a bunch of clever people figure out how to copy mobile tickets? What if one user copies a ticket, gets onto an off-line train, and his friend gets onto a second off-line train?

35. Anti-Copying Policy Scanners only accept first seen barcode On-line scanners can check for previous scans at other locations Off-line scanners submit scan records back to ticket issuer for post-processing Post processing identifies dual use, and blocks future purchases from the same credit card until fine paid, limiting fraud

36. Large Data Capacity Sealed by: East Coast Railways Issued by: East Coast Railways Ticket Number: EC0005342103 Issued at Kings Cross 1st Class, Adult, Single, Outbound LTOT: UNK; FTOT: SVR From Oban Station to London Bridge Station Valid from: 2008/08/28 valid on train departing: 18:08 ID Check: Credit Card ending 1241 Name: P. PEARSON Male With Network Railcard £16.34 (Price was discounted) Validity Code: ES Purchase Ref: REF41414A5 Valid 1 day with one extra adult one (1) journey leg: 2008/08/27 18:08Retail Service ID = TS0001; Reserved: Coach C, Seat 24 B Optional ITSO header not included. Extra Entitlement: FREE MUFFIN AT NERO WITH ANY DRINK; REF #572931

37. Flexible Ticket Data More free space for single TOC products and extra entitlements“Includes free cup of Costa Coffee and 2 Adults entry to Disneyland” Cross sale opportunities can finally make the ticket sales channel work harder, and release more revenue from the whole journey

38. How to Rollout Barcode? Ask your Web ticket sales system provider to enable barcode ticketing, controlled by route and ticket type Brief revenue enforcement staff on how to perform visual inspection of e-Tickets Advertise it (in stations next to queues best) Gradually add scanners and gate scanners as each route experiences more adoption of eTickets

39. Soft Rollout of Scanners Free pennies £x,000 £££ £££££

40. Scanner Options Any barcode scanner, online or off-line, must support: 2D Aztec with CCD imager Handheld Small basic scanners for door staff Advanced PDA based scanners for service staff Bluetooth scanner upgrade for Avantix Mobile 2 Cash Register/EPOS Scanners Connect via USB or as “keyboard wedge” in between keyboard and EPOS like a normal scanner Fixed Scanners for gates or check-outs Retro-fit to existing gates or built in at manufacture by gate supplier User places phone face-down to scan Basic Advanced Bluetooth EPOS Scanner Fixed gate scanner (as fast as Oyster)

42. 240ms to scan, decode, decrypt and validate

43. Now mobile barcode is ready for Mass-Transit and rush-hour travel

45. Benefits of Barcode: Customer Sign-up in the queue (no usernames or passwords) No queues ever again Quicker re-purchase Tickets same price Operator Lower cost per sale No need to expand stations Staged capital expense on scanners

47. No Screen

48. Full rollout of scanners-> highcapex

49. ITSO security

50. Smartcard media

51. Ticket distribution must be on-lineBarcode Great for long distance Visual, readable Soft rollout of scanners-> low capex Free Security No media to issue Can cope with offline stations

52. Capital Expenditure Items

53. NFC – Not Today NOKIA HANDSETS NOKIA NFC HANDSETS

55. No paper, no queues - barcode tickets

56. Tunnels don’t break the system

57. Auto-detects SMS or GPRS

58. 1-2 SMS per ticket

59. Doubles the consumer uptake by removing Data issues

60. Quick repeat tickets

62. No need for explicit sign-up or passwords

63. Just type CVV again for future purchases

64. All user data entry and validation performed off-line by application

65. Secure SMS for users without data settings or with poor reception

67. ben@masabi.com+44 7788 895 894www.masabi.com