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Linked Open Data for Public Contracts
Martin Nečaský
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague
Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics in Prague
13.6.2013 – Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
Outline
 Introduction to Linked Data
 What benefits Linked Data bring for TED and
Public Procurement in EU?
 What does it mean for TED and others to
publish its data as Linked Data?
 What we have already done in LOD2 project?
Linked Data - Introduction
Web Applications Eco-system
 Linked Data helps to create an eco-system of web
applications which publish, enrich and consume
data about things in one shared global data space
Shared Global Data Space on the Web
(Web of Data)
App 1
App 2
App 3
App 4
App 5
App 4
Architecture of Web of Documents
Shared global space of documents
Built on top of several simple principles:
1. HTML as a format for publishing
documents
2. URLs as unique global identifiers of
documents
3. HTTP for localization and accessing
documents by their URLs
4. hyperlinks between documents
There are two kinds of applications
working in this space of documents:
• web browsers (localizing and
browsing documents through
hyperlinks)
• search engines (indexing and full text
searching of documents)
HTML
HTML
HTML
HTML
Web browser
Search engine
HTTP
HTTP
Web of Documents
Current Web (of Documents) provides lot of
data about Prague. Problems
• Data about Prague encoded in documents
distributed across the Web
• Documents intended for humans not
computers
• Documents about Prague or related things
not linked
• Therefore, computers not able to process
data about Prague published on the Web http://monitor.statnipokladna.cz
Prague budget
http://registry.czso.cz
Basic info about Prague
http://www.praha.eu
Prague public contracts
http://www.czso.cz
Demography of Prague
http://www.risy.cz
EU funded projects in Prague
Web of Documents
Try to search for this information on the
current Web
• Top 100 suppliers of Prague with
headquarters outside of Prague region.
• Money spent in Prague for new children
playgrounds in the last 5 years per one
child.
• Organizations in Prague funded by EU
structural funds and their top 100
suppliers. http://monitor.statnipokladna.cz
Prague budget
http://registry.czso.cz
Basic info about Prague
http://www.praha.eu
Prague public contracts
http://www.czso.cz
Demography of Prague
http://www.risy.cz
EU funded projects in Prague
Linked Data
 data published on the Web according to four
simple principles (introduced by sir T. B. Lee)
1. Use URIs as names for things
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those
names.
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful
information, using the standards (RDF, SPARQL)
4. Include links to other URIs so that they can
discover more things.
Things as first-class citizens
Project
CZ.2.16/2.1.00/22189
Prague City
Prague
Council
Prague
Demography
Prague
Budget
Contract
DIL/23/07/007302/2010
HTTP URIs for Things
Project
CZ.2.16/2.1.00/22189
praha.eu (Prague)
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302
http://praha.eu/
council
http://praha.eu/
city
mfcr.cz (Ministry of Finance)
http://mfcr.cz/
prague/budget
http://mfcr.cz/
prague
risy.cz (Regional Information Service)
http://risy.cz/
location/prague
http://risy.cz/con
tract/22189-01
http://risy.cz/
project/22189
czso.cz (Czech Statistical Office)
http://registry.
czso.cz/prague
http://czso.cz/
prague
http://czso.cz/pr
ague/demogstat
Data about Things in RDF
Client
PlaygroundRevitalization
Authority: Prague
Delivery date: 31.8.2011
Price: 28 444 000 CZK
...
Playground
Revitalization
28444000 CZK
dcterms:title
pc:contracting
Authority
pc:agreedPrice
gr:hasCurrency
gr:hasCurrency
Value
31.8.2011
pc:estimated
EndDate
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302/price
http://praha.eu/
council
<http://www.praha.eu/contract/7302>
dcterms:title "Playground Revitalization" ;
pc:estimatedEndDate "31.8.2011" ;
pc:agreedPrice <http://www.praha.eu/contract/7302/price> ;
pc:contractingAuthority <http://www.praha.eu/council> .
<http://www.praha.eu/contract/7302/price>
gr:hasCurrency "CZK" ;
gr:hasCurrencyValue "28444000" .
Data about Things in RDF
Client
PlaygroundRevitalization
Authority: Prague
Delivery date: 31.8.2011
Price: 28 444 000 CZK
...
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302
Vocabularies
 published RDF data would be hardly interpretable
when each publisher would use proprietary predicates
 therefore, standardized (or at least widely used)
predicates should have priority before proprietary ones
 e.g. Dublin Core, Good Relations, FOAF, schema.org, ...
 or more specific ones for public procurement
• e.g., Public Contracts Ontology
(http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts )
 predicates are defined in so called vocabularies (or
ontologies)
 note: ontology is a special case of vocabulary, it contains more detailed
reasoning rules which is out of scope of this lecture
 note: not only predicates but also classes (= types of things) are defined in
vocabularies/ontologies
Linking URIs of Related Things
praha.eu (Prague)
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302
http://praha.eu/
city
mfcr.cz (Ministry of Finance)
http://mfcr.cz/
prague/budget
http://mfcr.cz/
prague
risy.cz (Regional Information Service)
http://risy.cz/
location/prague
http://risy.cz/con
tract/22189-01
http://risy.cz/
project/22189
czso.cz (Czech Statistical Office)
http://registry.
czso.cz/prague
http://czso.cz/
prague
http://czso.cz/pr
ague/demogstat
c: hasBeneficiary
a:fundedBy
b:hasBudgethttp://praha.eu/
council
d:hasDemography
d:hasDemography
Linking URIs of Related Things
praha.eu (Prague)
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302
mfcr.cz (Ministry of Finance)
http://mfcr.cz/
prague/budget
http://mfcr.cz/
prague
risy.cz (Regional Information Service)
http://risy.cz/con
tract/22189-01
http://risy.cz/
project/22189
czso.cz (Czech Statistical Office)
http://czso.cz/pr
ague/demogstat
c:hasBeneficiary
a:fundedBy
http://praha.eu/
city
http://risy.cz/
location/prague
http://registry.
czso.cz/prague
http://czso.cz/
prague
http://praha.eu/
council
owl:sameAs
owl:sameAs
b:hasBudget
Linked Data for TED – What are the
benefits?
Benefits of Publishing TED as LD
 Problem: It is hard to get a unified view of a chosen
thing (i.e. contracting authority, supplier, contract,
contract notice, tender, ...) from TED.
 The data about the thing is distributed across several
contract notices.
 LD solution: Each thing has a unique TED HTTP URI
which can be used by third-party applications to get all
TED data for this thing.
 Data is represented as RDF graph respecting openly
defined vocabularies shared across developers and
communities.
 Data include links to URIs of other things on TED.
 TED can flexibly and continuously extend the data
provided for the thing.
Benefits of Publishing TED as LD
User
Web
application
?detail=http://ted.eu/contract/CZ/54782145
TED LD
Service
http://ted.eu/contract/CZ/54782145
http://pra
ha.eu/con
tract/730
2
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302/pri
ce
http://pra
ha.eu/cou
ncil
TED easily assembles data
related to the requested
contract and returns it as an
interconnected graph to the
requesting web application.
Benefits of Publishing TED as LD
User
Web
application
TED LD
Service
http://ted.eu/org/CZ/00064581
http://pra
ha.eu/con
tract/730
2
http://praha.eu/
contract/7302/pri
ce
http://pra
ha.eu/cou
ncil
TED easily assembles data
related to the requested
authority and returns it as an
interconnected graph to the
requesting web application.
click
?detail=http://ted.eu/
org/CZ/00064581
Problems with HTTP URIs
 Today, public procurement data are collected from
contracting authorities in a form of contract notices (calls
for tender, contract award notices, etc.)
 Notices usually do not contain explicit identifiers of
contracting authorities and suppliers.
 These organizations are usually identified in the notices only by
names and addresses which are often misspelled and incorrect.
 Therefore, if we create an HTTP URI for an organization from
one notice, it is often very hard to recognize whether an
organization from another notice is the same one or not.
 Therefore, a serious questions arise – how the HTTP URI of
an organization (contracting authority/supplier) should look
like? How an organization should be identified in a notice
so that we are able to unambiguously recognize it?
Problems with HTTP URIs
 There are two possible solutions to this question,
both are very simple from the technical point of
view but very complex from the political point of
view (enforcement in all EU countries)
 1st solution:
 Some countries define unique mandatory identifiers
for organizations (for both, private companies as well
as public institutions).
 These identifiers should be present in the notices to
identify contracting authorities and suppliers.
 We can then use them to recognize organizations and
associate them with corresponding HTTP URIs.
Problems with HTTP URIs
 2nd solution:
 Each organization involved in public procurement should have own
public profile on the Web with own HTTP URI.
 The public profile can be a simple HTML web page which also contains
few data encoded in RDF (technically, it is very simple)
 The public profile can be a part of the official web site of the
organization, e.g. http://praha.eu/public-profile
 Or, the organization can use services which can manage public web
profiles of organizations. There already exist such services, e.g.
http://opencorporates.org
• This service already contains profiles of many organizations, it associates them
with HTTP URIs and provides basic RDF data about them (title, address, etc.)
 The HTTP URI of the profile should become a part of the notice.
 This solution also saves some time and money because details about
the organization do not have to be repeated in each notice – each
notice is linked to the HTTP URI where the information is present.
• Yes, if you think about the problem that there is only actual information on the profile which can be
different than the information which was valid before for some earlier notices, then you are right. But
this can be technically solved (e.g. TED and other authorities responsible for collecting public
procurement data can back-up those information, etc.).
Problems with HTTP URIs
 2nd solution:
praha.eu (Prague)
http://praha.eu/
public-profile
company-a.cz (Company A)
http://company-a.cz/
public-profile
opencorporates.org
http://opencorporates.org/
company-b/public-profile
http://opencorporates.org/
company-c/public-profile
...
http://ted.europa.eu/
notice/574832
http://ted.europa.eu/
notice/575833
pc:contracting
Authority
Benefits of Publishing TED as LD
 Problem: It is hard to find information related to public
contracts, contracting authorities and suppliers which
is published outside of TED somewhere else on the
Web, e.g.,
 data from the post-award phase
 public contracts not published on TED
 profiles of contracting authorities and suppliers
 LD solution: TED publishes the basic data infrastructure
of HTTP URIs of public contracts, contracting
authorities, suppliers, etc.
 Others can enrich this basic infrastructure with their own
data.
 The enriched TED datasets can be consumed by third-party
applications and even by TED itself.
Benefits of Publishing TED as LD
Shared Global Data Space (Web)
TED Linked Data
Basic Infrastructure
Publisher of
profiles of CZ
suppliers
Publisher of
post-award
data of GE
contracts
Suitable suppliers for a contract
?
Benefits of Publishing TED as LD
Public spending per
inhabitant in 2010
Contracts similar to a contract
PC Filing Application
Public spending in
Czech Republic
"HeatMap" Application
Benefits of Publishing TED as LD
 Problem: Other authorities must copy TED data
to their databases if they want to use TED data
(which includes also republishing TED data).
 Repeated work for building such databases and their
maintenance is paid from public budgets (!)
 LD solution: Other public authorities link their
primary data (represented as Linked Data, not
necessarily published) to TED without the need to
copy, integrate and maintain this data in their
database.
 Anyone who works with the data of such other public
authority can get the data directly from TED if
necessary.
Benefits of Publishing TED as LD
 Our planned experiment in Czech Republic in cooperation with
Czech Ministry of Finance (MoF) and data about public contracts
CZ Public Budgets
(MoF)
NUTS&LAU CZ
regions
CZ Public ContractsDemography (Czech
Stat. Office)
Public contracts in Prague with
Prague budget and demography
statistics?
 To show that institutions can
share data by linking the data
instead of copying them
Benefits for Stakeholders
Contracting Authorities and Suppliers
 Unified global data space covering various aspects of public procurement
across all EU countries.
 contracting authorities
 They can find similar contracts to their contracts.
 They can group their calls with other authorities to achieve better offers from
suppliers.
 They can verify their requirements against requirements of other buyers to
increase quality and completeness of their requirements and ask for better
prices.
 They can search for suitable suppliers who realized similar contracts
successfully in the past.
 suppliers
 They can get necessary information about opened calls for tenders.
 They can better inform potential customers about their offers.
 They can analyze previous contracts in their market to better target their
tenders and improve the quality of the services they offer.
 They can group with other suppliers with complementary offers for joint
tendering.
Benefits for Stakeholders
EU and Citizens
 EU saves money
 Only basic infrastructure is build and primary data is published
• Related data is published and linked by third-parties
 There is no need to build and pay for complex applications and
services
• These will be built by third-parties not only for citizens but also for contracting
authorities and suppliers solely on the base of their demand.
 There is no need to duplicate data in different public administration
services and applications
• Data is linked instead of copied
 EU supports building a common market and interoperability (ISA)
 EU supports transparency
 Citizens can more easily monitor what public administrations buy in
their city/country, from who and for how much
 They can also more easily compare the purchases of their city/country
with other cities/countries.
Linked Data for TED – What needs to
be done to adopt LD principles?
LOD lifecycle
Interlinking,
fusing
Evolution,
repair
Quality
analysis
Evolution,
repair
Search,
browsing,
exploration
Extraction
Storage,
querying
Manual
revision,
authoring
LOD lifecycle
supported by
LOD2 Stack
http://stack.lod2.eu
Public Procurement and LOD2 Project
 vocabulary for publishing Public Contracts as Linked
Data
 combination of existing broadly adopted vocabularies and
their extension for public procurement (GoodRelations,
Payments Ontology, schema.org, Dublin Core, SKOS)
 Public Contracts filing application
 web application for contracting authorities and suppliers
 It enables to publish data about public contracts as Linked
Data.
 Contracting authorities can search for similar contracts and
suitable suppliers.
 Experimental Linked Data from Czech Republic, Great
Britain and TED
Experimental Linked Data from Czech Republic, Great
Britain and TED created as part of LOD2 project
CZ
Public
Contracts
Common
Procurement
Vocabulary
CZ Business
Entities
CZ
Demography
Stats
CZ
Public
Budgets
DBPedia
TED Public
Contracts and
Organizations
SDMX
CZ
LAU Regions
NUTS
Regions
(RAMON)
GB Public
Contracts and
Organizations
Products
Ontology
Thank You for Your Attention

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Linked Open Data for Public Contracts

  • 1. Linked Open Data for Public Contracts Martin Nečaský Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics in Prague 13.6.2013 – Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
  • 2. Outline  Introduction to Linked Data  What benefits Linked Data bring for TED and Public Procurement in EU?  What does it mean for TED and others to publish its data as Linked Data?  What we have already done in LOD2 project?
  • 3. Linked Data - Introduction
  • 4. Web Applications Eco-system  Linked Data helps to create an eco-system of web applications which publish, enrich and consume data about things in one shared global data space Shared Global Data Space on the Web (Web of Data) App 1 App 2 App 3 App 4 App 5 App 4
  • 5. Architecture of Web of Documents Shared global space of documents Built on top of several simple principles: 1. HTML as a format for publishing documents 2. URLs as unique global identifiers of documents 3. HTTP for localization and accessing documents by their URLs 4. hyperlinks between documents There are two kinds of applications working in this space of documents: • web browsers (localizing and browsing documents through hyperlinks) • search engines (indexing and full text searching of documents) HTML HTML HTML HTML Web browser Search engine HTTP HTTP
  • 6. Web of Documents Current Web (of Documents) provides lot of data about Prague. Problems • Data about Prague encoded in documents distributed across the Web • Documents intended for humans not computers • Documents about Prague or related things not linked • Therefore, computers not able to process data about Prague published on the Web http://monitor.statnipokladna.cz Prague budget http://registry.czso.cz Basic info about Prague http://www.praha.eu Prague public contracts http://www.czso.cz Demography of Prague http://www.risy.cz EU funded projects in Prague
  • 7. Web of Documents Try to search for this information on the current Web • Top 100 suppliers of Prague with headquarters outside of Prague region. • Money spent in Prague for new children playgrounds in the last 5 years per one child. • Organizations in Prague funded by EU structural funds and their top 100 suppliers. http://monitor.statnipokladna.cz Prague budget http://registry.czso.cz Basic info about Prague http://www.praha.eu Prague public contracts http://www.czso.cz Demography of Prague http://www.risy.cz EU funded projects in Prague
  • 8. Linked Data  data published on the Web according to four simple principles (introduced by sir T. B. Lee) 1. Use URIs as names for things 2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. 3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF, SPARQL) 4. Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things.
  • 9. Things as first-class citizens Project CZ.2.16/2.1.00/22189 Prague City Prague Council Prague Demography Prague Budget Contract DIL/23/07/007302/2010
  • 10. HTTP URIs for Things Project CZ.2.16/2.1.00/22189 praha.eu (Prague) http://praha.eu/ contract/7302 http://praha.eu/ council http://praha.eu/ city mfcr.cz (Ministry of Finance) http://mfcr.cz/ prague/budget http://mfcr.cz/ prague risy.cz (Regional Information Service) http://risy.cz/ location/prague http://risy.cz/con tract/22189-01 http://risy.cz/ project/22189 czso.cz (Czech Statistical Office) http://registry. czso.cz/prague http://czso.cz/ prague http://czso.cz/pr ague/demogstat
  • 11. Data about Things in RDF Client PlaygroundRevitalization Authority: Prague Delivery date: 31.8.2011 Price: 28 444 000 CZK ... Playground Revitalization 28444000 CZK dcterms:title pc:contracting Authority pc:agreedPrice gr:hasCurrency gr:hasCurrency Value 31.8.2011 pc:estimated EndDate http://praha.eu/ contract/7302 http://praha.eu/ contract/7302 http://praha.eu/ contract/7302/price http://praha.eu/ council
  • 12. <http://www.praha.eu/contract/7302> dcterms:title "Playground Revitalization" ; pc:estimatedEndDate "31.8.2011" ; pc:agreedPrice <http://www.praha.eu/contract/7302/price> ; pc:contractingAuthority <http://www.praha.eu/council> . <http://www.praha.eu/contract/7302/price> gr:hasCurrency "CZK" ; gr:hasCurrencyValue "28444000" . Data about Things in RDF Client PlaygroundRevitalization Authority: Prague Delivery date: 31.8.2011 Price: 28 444 000 CZK ... http://praha.eu/ contract/7302
  • 13. Vocabularies  published RDF data would be hardly interpretable when each publisher would use proprietary predicates  therefore, standardized (or at least widely used) predicates should have priority before proprietary ones  e.g. Dublin Core, Good Relations, FOAF, schema.org, ...  or more specific ones for public procurement • e.g., Public Contracts Ontology (http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts )  predicates are defined in so called vocabularies (or ontologies)  note: ontology is a special case of vocabulary, it contains more detailed reasoning rules which is out of scope of this lecture  note: not only predicates but also classes (= types of things) are defined in vocabularies/ontologies
  • 14. Linking URIs of Related Things praha.eu (Prague) http://praha.eu/ contract/7302 http://praha.eu/ city mfcr.cz (Ministry of Finance) http://mfcr.cz/ prague/budget http://mfcr.cz/ prague risy.cz (Regional Information Service) http://risy.cz/ location/prague http://risy.cz/con tract/22189-01 http://risy.cz/ project/22189 czso.cz (Czech Statistical Office) http://registry. czso.cz/prague http://czso.cz/ prague http://czso.cz/pr ague/demogstat c: hasBeneficiary a:fundedBy b:hasBudgethttp://praha.eu/ council d:hasDemography
  • 15. d:hasDemography Linking URIs of Related Things praha.eu (Prague) http://praha.eu/ contract/7302 mfcr.cz (Ministry of Finance) http://mfcr.cz/ prague/budget http://mfcr.cz/ prague risy.cz (Regional Information Service) http://risy.cz/con tract/22189-01 http://risy.cz/ project/22189 czso.cz (Czech Statistical Office) http://czso.cz/pr ague/demogstat c:hasBeneficiary a:fundedBy http://praha.eu/ city http://risy.cz/ location/prague http://registry. czso.cz/prague http://czso.cz/ prague http://praha.eu/ council owl:sameAs owl:sameAs b:hasBudget
  • 16. Linked Data for TED – What are the benefits?
  • 17. Benefits of Publishing TED as LD  Problem: It is hard to get a unified view of a chosen thing (i.e. contracting authority, supplier, contract, contract notice, tender, ...) from TED.  The data about the thing is distributed across several contract notices.  LD solution: Each thing has a unique TED HTTP URI which can be used by third-party applications to get all TED data for this thing.  Data is represented as RDF graph respecting openly defined vocabularies shared across developers and communities.  Data include links to URIs of other things on TED.  TED can flexibly and continuously extend the data provided for the thing.
  • 18. Benefits of Publishing TED as LD User Web application ?detail=http://ted.eu/contract/CZ/54782145 TED LD Service http://ted.eu/contract/CZ/54782145 http://pra ha.eu/con tract/730 2 http://praha.eu/ contract/7302/pri ce http://pra ha.eu/cou ncil TED easily assembles data related to the requested contract and returns it as an interconnected graph to the requesting web application.
  • 19. Benefits of Publishing TED as LD User Web application TED LD Service http://ted.eu/org/CZ/00064581 http://pra ha.eu/con tract/730 2 http://praha.eu/ contract/7302/pri ce http://pra ha.eu/cou ncil TED easily assembles data related to the requested authority and returns it as an interconnected graph to the requesting web application. click ?detail=http://ted.eu/ org/CZ/00064581
  • 20. Problems with HTTP URIs  Today, public procurement data are collected from contracting authorities in a form of contract notices (calls for tender, contract award notices, etc.)  Notices usually do not contain explicit identifiers of contracting authorities and suppliers.  These organizations are usually identified in the notices only by names and addresses which are often misspelled and incorrect.  Therefore, if we create an HTTP URI for an organization from one notice, it is often very hard to recognize whether an organization from another notice is the same one or not.  Therefore, a serious questions arise – how the HTTP URI of an organization (contracting authority/supplier) should look like? How an organization should be identified in a notice so that we are able to unambiguously recognize it?
  • 21. Problems with HTTP URIs  There are two possible solutions to this question, both are very simple from the technical point of view but very complex from the political point of view (enforcement in all EU countries)  1st solution:  Some countries define unique mandatory identifiers for organizations (for both, private companies as well as public institutions).  These identifiers should be present in the notices to identify contracting authorities and suppliers.  We can then use them to recognize organizations and associate them with corresponding HTTP URIs.
  • 22. Problems with HTTP URIs  2nd solution:  Each organization involved in public procurement should have own public profile on the Web with own HTTP URI.  The public profile can be a simple HTML web page which also contains few data encoded in RDF (technically, it is very simple)  The public profile can be a part of the official web site of the organization, e.g. http://praha.eu/public-profile  Or, the organization can use services which can manage public web profiles of organizations. There already exist such services, e.g. http://opencorporates.org • This service already contains profiles of many organizations, it associates them with HTTP URIs and provides basic RDF data about them (title, address, etc.)  The HTTP URI of the profile should become a part of the notice.  This solution also saves some time and money because details about the organization do not have to be repeated in each notice – each notice is linked to the HTTP URI where the information is present. • Yes, if you think about the problem that there is only actual information on the profile which can be different than the information which was valid before for some earlier notices, then you are right. But this can be technically solved (e.g. TED and other authorities responsible for collecting public procurement data can back-up those information, etc.).
  • 23. Problems with HTTP URIs  2nd solution: praha.eu (Prague) http://praha.eu/ public-profile company-a.cz (Company A) http://company-a.cz/ public-profile opencorporates.org http://opencorporates.org/ company-b/public-profile http://opencorporates.org/ company-c/public-profile ... http://ted.europa.eu/ notice/574832 http://ted.europa.eu/ notice/575833 pc:contracting Authority
  • 24. Benefits of Publishing TED as LD  Problem: It is hard to find information related to public contracts, contracting authorities and suppliers which is published outside of TED somewhere else on the Web, e.g.,  data from the post-award phase  public contracts not published on TED  profiles of contracting authorities and suppliers  LD solution: TED publishes the basic data infrastructure of HTTP URIs of public contracts, contracting authorities, suppliers, etc.  Others can enrich this basic infrastructure with their own data.  The enriched TED datasets can be consumed by third-party applications and even by TED itself.
  • 25. Benefits of Publishing TED as LD Shared Global Data Space (Web) TED Linked Data Basic Infrastructure Publisher of profiles of CZ suppliers Publisher of post-award data of GE contracts
  • 26. Suitable suppliers for a contract ? Benefits of Publishing TED as LD Public spending per inhabitant in 2010 Contracts similar to a contract PC Filing Application Public spending in Czech Republic "HeatMap" Application
  • 27. Benefits of Publishing TED as LD  Problem: Other authorities must copy TED data to their databases if they want to use TED data (which includes also republishing TED data).  Repeated work for building such databases and their maintenance is paid from public budgets (!)  LD solution: Other public authorities link their primary data (represented as Linked Data, not necessarily published) to TED without the need to copy, integrate and maintain this data in their database.  Anyone who works with the data of such other public authority can get the data directly from TED if necessary.
  • 28. Benefits of Publishing TED as LD  Our planned experiment in Czech Republic in cooperation with Czech Ministry of Finance (MoF) and data about public contracts CZ Public Budgets (MoF) NUTS&LAU CZ regions CZ Public ContractsDemography (Czech Stat. Office) Public contracts in Prague with Prague budget and demography statistics?  To show that institutions can share data by linking the data instead of copying them
  • 29. Benefits for Stakeholders Contracting Authorities and Suppliers  Unified global data space covering various aspects of public procurement across all EU countries.  contracting authorities  They can find similar contracts to their contracts.  They can group their calls with other authorities to achieve better offers from suppliers.  They can verify their requirements against requirements of other buyers to increase quality and completeness of their requirements and ask for better prices.  They can search for suitable suppliers who realized similar contracts successfully in the past.  suppliers  They can get necessary information about opened calls for tenders.  They can better inform potential customers about their offers.  They can analyze previous contracts in their market to better target their tenders and improve the quality of the services they offer.  They can group with other suppliers with complementary offers for joint tendering.
  • 30. Benefits for Stakeholders EU and Citizens  EU saves money  Only basic infrastructure is build and primary data is published • Related data is published and linked by third-parties  There is no need to build and pay for complex applications and services • These will be built by third-parties not only for citizens but also for contracting authorities and suppliers solely on the base of their demand.  There is no need to duplicate data in different public administration services and applications • Data is linked instead of copied  EU supports building a common market and interoperability (ISA)  EU supports transparency  Citizens can more easily monitor what public administrations buy in their city/country, from who and for how much  They can also more easily compare the purchases of their city/country with other cities/countries.
  • 31. Linked Data for TED – What needs to be done to adopt LD principles?
  • 33. Public Procurement and LOD2 Project  vocabulary for publishing Public Contracts as Linked Data  combination of existing broadly adopted vocabularies and their extension for public procurement (GoodRelations, Payments Ontology, schema.org, Dublin Core, SKOS)  Public Contracts filing application  web application for contracting authorities and suppliers  It enables to publish data about public contracts as Linked Data.  Contracting authorities can search for similar contracts and suitable suppliers.  Experimental Linked Data from Czech Republic, Great Britain and TED
  • 34. Experimental Linked Data from Czech Republic, Great Britain and TED created as part of LOD2 project CZ Public Contracts Common Procurement Vocabulary CZ Business Entities CZ Demography Stats CZ Public Budgets DBPedia TED Public Contracts and Organizations SDMX CZ LAU Regions NUTS Regions (RAMON) GB Public Contracts and Organizations Products Ontology
  • 35. Thank You for Your Attention