2. HISTORY I -Khoisantribes:nomadic hunters, gatherers: theylived in South Africaforabout 40.000 years, reached Buena Esperanza Cape. -S. XV: South Africabecame a commonscaleforEuropeanexpeditions. -1498: Vasco de Gama openedtheroute of thespeciesbyBuena Esperanza Cape. -1652: DutchmanJan Van Riebeckestablish a permanentsttlement of supply in TableBay, which Cape Town isnowadays. -Late S.XVIII: decline of theNetherlands. Britain, is off toconquer Anotherpart of Africa. Thebritishinmigrantsfamiliessettled in thecities, increasingthedivisionbetween rural and urbanareas.
3. HISTORY II -Slavery: abolished in 1834, butthedivisionbetweenblacks and whites in theworkcontinuedsame. -Thefirst Anglo-Boerwarwassettledwithvictoryforthe Boers and theestablishment of theZuid-AfrikaanscheRepubliek. Thebritishwithdrew, untiltheydiscovered a hugegolddepositnearJohannesburg. -In 1902, theboershadexhaustedconventionalresources and wentontoperform guerrilla actions.
4. HISTORY III -1910: TheUnion of South Africawascreated and adopted a barrage of racistlegislationthatrestrictedtherights of blacks and laidthefoundations of apartheid. -1969: demostratorswerekilled in riots in Sharpeville and leadersAfricanNationalCongress (ANC), including Nelson Mandela, entry in prision. -Afterleavingthe Commonwealth en 1961, South Africawasisolatedfromtheworld.
5. HISTORY IV -South Africa responded withweaponsfromlimited strikes (Mozambique and Lesotho) tolargescaleoffensive (Angola y Namibia). -Middle 80’s explodedviolenceamongblacks in theTownshipsthemselves. -Free elections of 1994 exaltedto ANC and Nelson Mandela becamepresident. South AfricarejoinedtheConwealth a fewmonthslater unos meses después. In 1996 itapprovedthe new constitution, whichmatchedbeforethelawtoallcitizens. -1999: the country voted in a multiracialelectionsforthesecond time in itshistory. Despitethewithdrawal of Nelson Mandela, the ANC again won theelectionswithThabo Mbeki allowingittoamendtheContitution.
8. cont. GEOGRAFHY -Locatedsouthend of theafricancontinent. -ItextendsfromtheTropic of Capricornto Cape Agulhas, 35º S whichisthesouthernmostpoint of thecountri and thereforetheafricancontinent. -Area:1.219.080 km². -Coastline:2.954 Km long, washedbythewaters of theIndianOceaneast of warmwater, pushedfromthenorthbythe Mozambique current and Atlantictothewest, thecoldwaters of theBenguelacurrents. -Majorrivers: Orange riverwhichflowsintotheAtlanticOcean and itsmaintributary, the Vaal river; Limpopo riverflowingintotheIndianOcean.
9. cont. GEOGRAFHY -Big country: more thanGermany, Holland, Belgium, France and Italytogether. -Itstretches 2.000 km fromthe Limpopo river, in thenorttothe Cape Agulhas, south, and about 1.500 km from Port Nolloth, in thewesttoDurban, in theeast. -Itisdividedintothreemainareas: thevast interior plateau (Highveld), the Great Escarpment (Great Escarpment) at itsnorthernend (the Kalahari Basin) and thenarrowcoastalplain (Lowveld). -Thesubcontinent has a string of islandsthatreachtheAntarctic.
11. cont. RELIEF -Land: geologicallyveryold, dividedinto 16 diferentes types, thisexplainsthe vas country’s mineral wealth. -2 Topographicrelieftypes: large circular inlandplateau: anaverageelevation of 1,200m Above sea lever, calledtheHiveld (thehighlands), characterizedbylowrainfall, seasonalrivers, thebarrenness of thesoil,largedailytemperaturevariation and mineral wealth. -West liesthe Kalahari Desert. -Land of thecoastsurrondingtheplateauform a beltstretching 60 Km. wide in thewestangraduallywidenstowardthenortheastto more than 220 Km., known as theLowveld (orlowland), luxuriantvegetation, thevastwealth floral, fruit, livestock and vasttracts of foerestry, nauralforests, fisheriesincrediblerichnessanbeauty of itsbeaches.
15. 2.-PROVINCE OF NORTH WEST: -Provincial capital: Mafikeng -Hartbeespoort -Sun City -Parque Nacional Pilanesberg 3.-PROVINCE OF LIMPOPO: -Provincial capital:Polokwane -Tzaneen -Parque Nacional Kruger 4.-PROVINCE OF FREE STATE: -Provincial capital: Bloemfontein.
16. 5.-PROVINCE OF MPUMALANGA -Provincial capital: Mpumalanga -Dullstroom -Lydenburg -Sabie -Pilgrim’sRest -La Ventana de Dios -El Cañón del Río Blyde -Nelspruit 6.-PROVINCE OF KWAZULU - NATAL -Provincial capital: Pietermaritzburg -Durban -Thousands Hill Valley -Shakaland -Hluhluwe-Umfolozi -Santa Lucía -Drakensberg de Natal
18. 7.- PROVINCE OF EASTERN CAPE -Provincial capital: Bisho -Garden Route -NationalForest Park Tsitsikamma -NationalCoast Park Tsitsikamma -National Park ElephanAddo -Nacional Park Zebra Mountain 8.-PROVINCE OF WESTERN CAPE -Provincial capital: Cape Town -Natural Reserve Buena Esperanza Cape -WineyardsRoute -Garden Route -Oudtshoorn -National Park Wilderness -Knysna -PlettenbergBay -Nature’s Valley
20. 9.-PROVINCE DEL NORTHERN CAPE -Provincial capital: Kimberley -National Park Namaqualand -Natiional Park Augrabies -National Park Kalahari Gemsbok -Clarens -National Park GoldenGateHighlands -ulturalVillageBasutu -Bloemfontein
21. FLORA & FAUNA -Lanmammals: global superlatives: lagerst (africanelephant), thesmallest (pygmyshrew), thetallest (thegiraffe) and thefastest (the Cheeatah). -Latestimportantpopulations of blackrhinos and white (withhornsintact). -Cocodriles in therivers of theLowveld. -Hippos in thenortherncoastalregions. -Birdsnumerous: thelargest in theworld (theostrick), theflyingbirdlarger (theKoriBustard), in additiontosunbirds, Flemishanthe sociable weaverbird Thatlives in cities of grassthtthesameconstructs. -Flora: diverse, wild flowers (lilies and tritoma in pastures). -Cape Kingdom West: isone of thesix floral kingdomsexisting in the planet.
29. cont. CLIMATE -Plateau:lowrainfall, whereborntheriverssouthafricans. -Cape Town: winterrainfal: average:750 mm. -Differencetemperaturewinter/summer: 10º C. -West Coast: more dry and windy, especiallyduringthemonth of August and September. -Brightsun: 9 hours a day, spectacularsunsets.
30. cont. CLIMATE -Variable Weather: Duetoitslength -North west: subtropical climate. -West part: semiaridclimate in thewest. -Averageannualprecipitationis 464 mm. -Precipitation: abundant in the East. -Wetlands: Southeastaround Cape Town. -North Cape: dry and warmcoast.
31. RELIGION -Majorreligion: christianity (55% of protestan population, 9% catholic). -Other: africantraditionalreligions, islam, mormonism, hinduism, jewishcommunity (3% of whites).
32. LANGUAGES South Africarecognizes 11 languages as officiallanguages. -Themaintwo are of Europeanorigin: theenglishused as a vehicle of communicationamongallSoutAfricans and Afrikaans derivedfromtheDutchman, isusedbythe Boers and alsobythecolored. -Theotherofficiallanguages are: ndebele, sesotho, sotho septentrional, tswana, swazi, salebowa, tsona, venda, xhosa y zulú.
33. POPULATION -44 millioninhabitants. -4 ethnicgroups: blacks (75.2%); white (13.6%); mixed (8.6%) e hindu (2.6%). -Seriuousproblems of character social, employment and health (mainly AIDS, which es estimatedtoaffect 20% of thepopulation). -Population of mostlyblackworkingclass. -Middle and upperclasses: mainlywhite.-Statistics: black sector byacquiring more purchasingpower.. -Fuerza laboral: 28% de la población. -Unemployment: 30%. -50% of thepopulation living belowthepoor line.
43. PRACTICAL INFORMATION: President: ThaboMruyelwaMbeki Hora local: GMT+2 Electricity: 220/230 V (250 V in Pretoria), 50 Hz Healthrisks: malaria isconfinedlargely. Thequality of servicesisexcellentbutexpensive.
44. ECONOMY GDP: 146,000 million U.S. $ GDP per cápita: 2.133 $ Annualgrowth: 0,9% Inflationary: 7,8% Majoreconomicresources: minery, finance, insurance, foodelaboration. Major trading partners: U.S., U.K., Germany, Italy and Japon. -31.8% of African GDP, especially in themining and manufacturingarea. -Currency: Rand, dividedinto 100 cent. -Johannesburg Stock Exchange isthelargest of Africa. -Industria more powerful and diversifiedthroughouttheAfricancontinent.
45. COMUNICATIONS Airports: -International airports: Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, Durban Ciudad del Cabo. -More tahn60 internationalairlinesfrom and towardsalltheworld -Johannesburg: Africa’sbestairportforthepast 2 years. Roads: -Excellentroadnework of highways and roadsthatcrossthewhole country. -An excelente network of domesticconnections. -There’s no problemtomovebetweencities. -There are more than 7200km of nationalhighways. -More than 50000 km of provincial roads.
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47. POLICY-GOVERNMENT-ADMINISTRATION -Pretoria (2 million): Administrative Capital. -Ciudad del Cabo (2,9 million): Law Capital. -Bloemfontein (645,000 million): Judicial Capital. -Johannesburgo (over 4.1 million):Principal financial and business center.
49. TELECOMMUNICATONS -Leadingtelecommunications in Africa. -5 millionlandlines(11% of population). -More than 15 millionmobilephones (34% of population). -More than 2 million regular Internet users. -Almostalltelecommunications are digital. -Allevents (exampleWorld Cup) willbeconnetedwithopticalfiber.
50. cont. TELECOMMUNICATIONS PHONE CALLS AND TIME DIFFERENCE: Codes of South Africa: Internacional: 27 Johannesburgo: 11 Pretoria: 12 Ciudad del Cabo:21 Durban: 31
52. TOURISM -Quicklyincreasethankstowellequippednetwork of infraestructure and services: generals(aiports, motorways, railways, etc...) and tourism(hotels, restaurants, accomodationsynprotectedareas, tour operators, etc.). -Theeconomicsystem and racial segregationhavecreated a middleclass and uppermiddlewhitewhithhighpurchasingpower: animportantaconsumerofrtourismservicesaroundthe country. -International Tourism: Firstmarket: mostlyclose: Zimbabwueo Botswana, Lesotho y Swazilandia. Secondmarket: european (mostly: UK and Germany). -Intra regional tavels: veryimportantmarketbecausebusiness. Flowswithdirectiontocities.
53. TOP CITYS Cap Town: hollandinfluence, picturesqueVineyardRoute.. Johannesburg: Forest City, therichest in the country: exploitation of vasta deposits of gold. Soweto: dynamic, cradle of theresistance of apartheid, nowexample of anurbanblacksociety. Pretoria: Garden City and thenation’sadministrative capital. Durban: istheWellnes Center ontheIndianOceanwithbeautifulbeachesanwaterqualitybenefitsallyear round.
55. STAR PRODUCTS URBAN TOURISM: CAP TOWN -Secondcitywith more poopulation. -Legislative Center. -Consideratedthemostbeatifulcityforitslocation in a estuarydominated byspectacular Tabla Montain. -Situatedo in theatlanticcoast- Western Cape province. -Mediterraneanclimate. -Along Natal province, it’sone of themostimportantcoastline destinations.
57. STAR PRODUCTS SUN & BEACH TOURISM: -Basicallyfordomesticmarket. -Disadvantageatlanticcoastline: bathedbythestuary of Benguela: watertemperatureisnotcomfortable. -Índico: more warm subtropical climate, rains in summer. -Importantareas: between Buena Esperanza Cap and Durban: beach and watersports. -More developmentareas in thiscoastline:GardenRoute- in the western Western Cape province , link severaltouristcsareas: East London, Knysa o JeffreysBay.
58. cont. STAR PRODUCTS cont. SUN & BEACH TOURISM: Durban: -Spectacular tropical vegetation. -Verynivebeaches: Milla de Oro, Margate, Amanzimtoti, Umhalanga, etc. softwhitesandlappedbythewarmturquoisewatersIndianOceanwith dolphins. -Surferparadise. -Many balnearios. -Cruise Port. -House of King of Zulus. -Botanicalgarden. -BeatynatureKranzkloofarea. -Aristocraticresidentialarea.
60. cont. STAR PRODUCT NATURE TOURISM: -Nature: onethemostimportanttouristresource in South Africa. -Domesticmarket: higheconomicpower. -Variety of lodging: types and quality. -Camping areas, villageswellequippedwithallfacilitie and luxury. -Huntingprivateareasnearreservednatureareas. -Kruger: Themostvisited Park: verybigarea in thenorh, miles foreign Touristsvisititeachyear. It`sonethebettermanagednatureareas in thecontinent . -Drakensberg Mountain: spectacularmountainsrange. (Diego A. Barrado y Jordi Calabuig: Geografía mundial del turismo, Editorial Síntesis, 2001:416-417).
71. PUBLIC PROMOTION WEB PAGES South AfricaGovernment: http://www.gov.za/ Tourism Oficial Web: http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/home South AfricaEmbassy in SMadrid: http://www.sudafrica.com/ South AfricaStatics: http://www.statssa.gov.za/
72. PRIVATE PROMOTION WEB PAGES http://www.turismosudafrica.com/ http://www.sudafricaworld.com/ http://www.sudafrica.co.za/turismo.htm http://www.africatourism.com/ZA/ES/symbol.asp?symbol=21 http://arc.peacecorpsconnect.org/
