Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Landsacpe Complexity & Soil Moisture Variation In South Copy
1. Landsacpe complexity & Soil Moisturevariation in south Georgia,USA,for remote sensinapplications Mario A. Girdalo , 2008 , Uni.GeorgiaUSA Present by : MARI ; FOROOTAN.
3. 0-History ! 1-OBJECTIVE &HYPOTHESIS 2-METHODOLOGY 3-RESULTS 4-CONCLUSION IN THESE PARTS
4. SM= soil moistue LRW=little river watershed=study area LULC=LandCover-LandUse ANOVA=analyze of variance LS=landscape H-P=hydra-probe Var. =variation P.C.C =pearson correlation coefficient Remember
5. Western et al. ,1999 SM is not a random phen. Sp. Var. according to Size of Samp. Area & Env. Var. Anderson et al. ,2003 Combination of Env. Factors (Soil.Veg.c,Topo,Climate) Create spatially distribution of SM Over dif.scales of space & time History
6. History USDA-NASA 2003 (SMEX03) In situ devices at LRW produce Relieble inf. Of SM Moran ,2004 Cashion ,2005 Under a complex LS. Remote sensors with coarse spatial resolution produce inaccurate estimates
7. Investigate Spacial var. In ground-based SM data collection From small plots (30*30) Similar to pixel size of Small EFOV remote sensors TM , ETM+& ASTER &ALI In a heterogenous landscape OBJECTIVE
8. We want toAssess Suitabolity of Using small plots For field validation Of Satellites remote sensing Instruments With small EFOV( < 30m )
9. TM,ETM+ ASTER & ALI All are expected To better capture Local field conditions Under landscape environmental Complexity
10. Dispite Heterogeneity of study area It is possible to find Temporally & Spatiolly Homogenous SM behavior Within small areas of 30*30. Our HYPOTHESIS
11. Study SM var. Within 5 dominate LULC In LRW Landscape. Another Objective
12. 1- increase field knowledge of SM behavior in Hetero.LS 2-lead to better interpretation of the Satellite estimates Our Results Will
18. An in situ Network 27 ground stations As a source of ground-based Point Data To 1- validate remote sensing analysis of SM and Soil tempreture& Climate 2- long term Hydrological studies In South eastern of US 2002 - 2003
19. These 27 stations equipped with Steven-vitel Hydra-Probe(steven water monitoring sys.)
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23. H-P-s Operated by USDA-ARS And record SM information &Ground tempreture At 3 depths 5 , 20 , 30 m Every 30 min Typ. Installed along Agriculture field boundaries, Fence rows & pasture areas & Typ. Surounded by Native grass veg.cover.
25. 8 of 27 sites Selected Surounding H-P & Associated with the In situ SM Monitoring station
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27. 30 * 03 m area Surrounded H.p And Subsequently sampled for SM SM was measured using Portable theta capacitance probe (measure dielectric conductivity similar to H.p)
30. Data collected Randomly Within 8(30*30m) plots 1 8 16 26 32 40 50 63 66 For each plot 10-20 reading On 4 dif. Dates March11 March28 April12 May24 2005
31. testing temporal stability of SM reading over a fairly short time period (here 48 h) On 2 consecutive days *Nov 30 & Dec 1 (2005) *Jan 13 & Jan 14 (2006) Systematic sampling 2
32. Each reading was taken in 3 intervals in 4 directions From H.P station Total 20 sample per Plot
33. At some locations Fewer than 4 directions Were evaluated Due to the presence of obstacles Such as Road and Channels 4 perpendicular direction Sampling location Hdra-probe Station 30 M 30 M
34. collected from 5 field adjacent to plot areas Under the LULC; Grass ,Orchard,Bare land& Agriculture Cotton & Peanuts Associated with H.P sits: 50 , 32 , 66 & 40 3
35. Each LULC 8 – 10 SM readings At 3 intervals along a 25 – 30 m transect In 4 dif.times Nov – Dec 2005 & Jan 2006
36. Precipitation from each site Raingages at H.P stations For 12-day period at intervals 5 min For each Sampling Dates
46. During R.F events all sites received simultanous precipitation with small var. among them. SO Water supply was homogeneous for all sites prior to Sample Date SO SM dif. Can be considered As a result of Intrinsic & mostly independet of water supply
47. When we compared it with precipitation record: 8 greatest cumulative prec. only for 3 Sam.Date. While 63 , 16 , 50 greatest prec. inputs for 5 other days Aand For lowest 40 , 32 Prec. Record shows they have above average These observations support the Hypothesis: SM caused by intrinsic Enviromental var. Beyond prec.acting At the local scale Mean volumetric SM & infield Variation Recorded in 8 locations Presented 8 highest valus of Vol.SM 40 lowest valus of Vol.SM
55. SO Strongest Relationship are Between 26-32 / 32 – 66 / 50 -63
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57. SO Site 8 Is most unique SM Behaviuor Site 66 High level of Similarity With other sites
58. Similarity of 26 & 32 *Precipitation record: similar and Less than 2.5 cm Dif.for all Samp.D. *Soil type: Both are belong to Tifton soil Series *Veg. cover: 32 short grass 26edge of agr.field in wich hay is cut for cattle consumption
59. Similarity of 16 & 50 *Precipitation: Dif. Cumulative rain 10 & even 18 cm *Soil type: 16 Tifton series 50Sunsweet series *Veg. cover: Similar homogenous grass &exposed to transit agri. Equipment Influenc soil physical characteristics
60. Most dissimilar sites were 8-26 / 8-40 /8-66 /40-50/50-32 Low assosiation was found between 16 &32 In total 6 Sam.D.
61. 8 – 26 / 8-40 / 8-66 Dif. Combination of Soil type SO Var. in water infiltration process SO Dif. SM content 40-50 / 50-32 Dif. Cumulative rainfall
63. In LRW LULC Is a greater factor affecting SM conditions Than Cumulative Rainfall
64. Influnce of LULC In SM Indicated by our results in LRW. LS. That make: Dif. Evatranspiration & Soil water usage
65. Spatial resolution of R.sensing Sensors That are More appropriate to Capture SM conditions under this LS. Will be defined by *LS. Fragmentation *LULC composition *Sizes of LULC fragments
66. High levels of fragmetation at LRW With fragments of Small size So Moderate to Fine spatial resolutionsensors (~ 3 0 m) Are expected better suit the countinoussutdy Of SM in LRW
72. Highest Av. Of mean relative Dif. Was 2.6% in 66 Followed by 8 , (2.1%) 16 (1.2 %) 26 (1.0%) Otherwise mean relative Dif. Was 0.1 % below the plot Dif. Approach Zero High level of Homogeneity Within each Sample plot
73. Results indicate Samp. Point within the plots are very close to each Plot mean SO Can accurately Estimate Surface SM behavior Of Entire 30*30 m plot
74. Our results shows High level of in field Homogeniety That’s in contrast with The results of similar research performed In large plots
75. in our research By selecting Small LS. fragments. The in field heterogenitycasued by Topography Diffrence Was Minimize
76. Stability in plots 40 & 50 Can be explained by their Relatively Homogenous LC 50 part of a larger pasture and entire plot covered by same grass type 40 part of a mechanized AGR.Field & change Veg-cover throughout growing season
77. So HemogeneityVeg.Cover & Homogenietyprecipitation,Slope,Soil physical characters High stability of SM Recorded at these 2 sites
87. SO Remote sensing retrieving algorithms Based only in direct or indirect Quantification of Surface conditions As Temp. , SM May produce Errors When used in this LS.
88. These ERRORS Can be Minimized by incorporatig in to Rem.Sen. Analysis data of Precipitation events prior to Samp.D & Infiltration analysis for soil type dominated of study area
90. Discriptive statistics for SM On 4 dif. Date collection On 25-30 m long transects Related to Dif. LU Adajent to 5 plots
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92. Results shows Orchard & grass Have the wettest conditions While Cotton& peanut fields Were the driest
93. Tilled AG.fiels lowest spatial variability with Av. Values around %1 Grass AG.field highest standard deviation with values btween %1.8 - %2.6 Bare land Intermediate behavior
95. ANOVA Between SM valuse for five LULC Showed Significant statistical Dif. For all 4 days
96. Variation between goups showed by Anova Peanut & Cotton Most similar with No stat.Dif Among them for any 4 days Greatest Dif. With orchard, grass & bareland Showing Stat.Dif on all Samp.Dates
98. AOVA high Diffrences in SM among the plots & high Hemogeneity within them Precipitation analysis similar rainfall conditions So SM.Var. explained by in situ local conditions
99. Temporal stability analysis SM has high stability within the small plots and single point can use to monitor SM Var. of all plot T-statistical analysisSMstatesin upper soil layer changes within 24H
100. And finally we found stat.Dif. In SM between Dif. LULC as there adjacent plots
103. A remote sensing approach that consider Homogeneous LULC ,LS fragments can be used to identify LS units of similar SM behavior under Heterogeneous landscapes
104. In addition The insitu USDA-ARS network will serve better in remote sensing studies in wich sensors with fine spatial resolution are evaluated