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Reconstruction  and the black experience 1865-1877
Responding to freedom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Freedmen’s schools ,[object Object],[object Object],This photograph of a newly established school was taken around 1870, showing both the barefoot students and the teacher.  (Library of Congress)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],African Americans of all ages eagerly pursued the opportunity freedom provided to gain an education. This young woman in Mt. Meigs, Alabama, is helping her mother learn to read.
40 acres and a mule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contract system vs. sharecropping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In the  contract system , freed African Americans worked on the plantation in exchange for wages, shelter, and food In the  sharecropping  system, workers rented a plot of land in exchange for a share of the crop
Before the Civil War, about 135 slaves worked on the plantation, supervised by an overseer and a slave foreman. After the war, the former slaves who remained on the plantation signed labor contracts with owner David Barrow. Freedmen grew cotton for wage, but they disliked the new arrangement. In the late 1860s, Barrow subdivided his land into tenant farms of twenty-five  to thirty acres, and freedmen moved their households from the old slave quarters to their own farms. By 1881, 161 tenants lived on the Barrow plantation, at least half of them children. One out of four families was named Barrow.  The Barrow plantation, 1860-1881
Sharecropping gave African Americans more control over their labor than did labor contracts. But sharecropping also contributed to the south's dependence on one-crop agriculture and helped to perpetuate widespread rural poverty.
At plantation stores like this one, photographed in Mississippi in 1868, merchants recorded in their ledger books debts that few sharecroppers were able to repay.
African Americans and  the politics of Reconstruction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reconstruction statistics:  African American members of Congress
White resistance to black rights ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],This 1866 cartoon opposed the Freedmen’s Bureau because it would “keep [African Americans] in idleness at the expense of the white man”….what sort of message was this cartoonist trying to send?
The KKK ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In this picture, the artist has portrayed a group of bizarrely dressed Klansmen contemplating the murder of a white Republican.  (Library of Congress)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Reconstruction and the black experience

  • 1. Reconstruction and the black experience 1865-1877
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Before the Civil War, about 135 slaves worked on the plantation, supervised by an overseer and a slave foreman. After the war, the former slaves who remained on the plantation signed labor contracts with owner David Barrow. Freedmen grew cotton for wage, but they disliked the new arrangement. In the late 1860s, Barrow subdivided his land into tenant farms of twenty-five to thirty acres, and freedmen moved their households from the old slave quarters to their own farms. By 1881, 161 tenants lived on the Barrow plantation, at least half of them children. One out of four families was named Barrow. The Barrow plantation, 1860-1881
  • 8. Sharecropping gave African Americans more control over their labor than did labor contracts. But sharecropping also contributed to the south's dependence on one-crop agriculture and helped to perpetuate widespread rural poverty.
  • 9. At plantation stores like this one, photographed in Mississippi in 1868, merchants recorded in their ledger books debts that few sharecroppers were able to repay.
  • 10.
  • 11. Reconstruction statistics: African American members of Congress
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.