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A poem is a composition in verse. It paints pictures by means
of poetic devices such as figurative language, rhythm and
rhyme.
Poets and
TheirTimes
Poets reflect the events
and ideas of their times
through poetry.
Understanding of a poet’s
time may lead to an
understanding of his
ideas.
Knowledge of a poet’s
background also gives us
insight into his intention.
We refer to “schools of
poets”:
Metaphysical Poets
(John Donne)
Romantic Poets
(Wordsworth)
War Poets
(Rupert Brooke)
 Theme/Main Idea
 Form
 Diction (Word Choice)
 Tone (Attitude)
 Imagery
 Rhythm
 Rhyme
 Metre
 Narrative Poetry:
Ballad, Epic, Allegory, Dramatic
Monologue
 Lyric: Sonnet
(Petrarchan, Shakespearean, Mo
dern), Ode, Elegy.
Analysis of Poetry
Theme/Idea
Each poem conveys
the messages or
intentions of the
poet and these may
be explicit (0bvious)
or implicit (implied).
The poem may be a
narrative, which tells
a story, or a
lyric, which describes
the personal feelings
of the poet.
Analysis of Poetry
Form
A poem is written in a
particular form.
Poems are usually
written in lines.
These lines can be
grouped into stanzas.
Enjambment or run-on
lines occur in poetry
where there is no
punctuation at the end
of a line. The poet’s
thoughts remain
unbroken.
Analysis of Poetry
Diction
The poet’s use of words
creates atmosphere
and sets the poem in
its correct time and
place.
Word choice influences
rhythm and mood.
In a rhyming
poem, appropriate
word choice is crucial.
Jargon and slang may
be used for effect.
The use of repetition is
also an effective
device.
Analysis of Poetry
Tone (Attitude)
The tone of the poem reveals the
poet’s subjective views and attitude
to the reader and to the subject.
Tone contributes to the mood or
atmosphere of the poem.
Best descriptive words for tone:
Friendly
Sharp
Sarcastic
Ironic
Angry
Humorous
Condescending
(Image the poet’sTONE OFVOICE –
“hear” the poet reading his/her
poem out loud…)
Analysis of Poetry
Imagery
 Poetry is a combination of
literal and figurative language.
 Imagery conjures up word
pictures – these affect us
emotionally and intellectually.
 Metaphors, similes, personifact
ion.
 Alliteration, assonance, conson
ance, onomatopoeia.
Analysis of Poetry
Rhythm
Rhythm sets the
pace and should
match the meaning.
Slow rhythm =
sombre meaning.
Quick pace = happy
mood.
When reading a
poem aloud, FEEL
the change of pace
and how it affects
the mood of the
poem.
Pace (tempo) and
pause affect rhythm.
Analysis of Poetry
Rhyme
 Rhyme depends on sound, not
sight.
 Rhyme schemes differ.
 Couplet: Two consecutive
rhyming lines.
 Quatrain: Four-lined stanza.
Aabb =
pair rhyme
Abab =
alternate/cross
rhyme
Aabb = enclosed
rhyme
Abca =
free verse
Analysis of Poetry
Metre
Metre is the
number of
stresses, beats or
feet in a line of
poetry.
Shakespeare
used the iambic
(rising rhythm of
two syllables)
pentameter (five
feet) to write his
sonnets.
NARRATIVE POETRY
 The Ballad
 The Epic
 TheAllegory
 Dramatic Monologue
THE LYRIC
 Elizabethan Sonnet
 Petrarchan Sonnet
 Modern Sonnet
 The Ode
 The Elegy
 A narrative form tells a story.
 It usually has a beginning, middle, climax and
conclusion.
 Direct and narrated speech can be used.
 Often composed to record historical, political
and family events.
 Passed down from generation to generation.
 Example: “The Pied Piper of Hamelin”
 The Lyric is a poem with a musical or song-
like quality.
 The Lyric conveys the personal thoughts of
the poet.
 The Lyric was originally accompanied by the
lyre.
 This form was favoured by romantic poets
likeWordsworth, Keats and Shelley.
 Oldest form of
narrative verse.
 At one stage it was
sung.
 Subject matter:
Love, death, war, brav
ery, adventure, action.
 Rhythm has strong
beat.
 Today = songwriters.
 Long, narrative
poem telling the
story of an historical
figure or event.
 Has been referred to
as a “novel in verse”.
 TheAllegory is a
narrative poem that
appears in the form of
an extended
metaphor.
 It conveys a veiled
moral meaning.
 Example: “Faerie
Queene” by Spencer.
 Spoken in the first
person (“I”).
 The speaker addresses
an invisible recipient.
 From his words, we
learn more about the
speaker.
 Story line = narrative.
 Example: Robert
Browning
 Shakespearean Sonnet
 English Sonnet
 14 Lines
 Three quatrains +
rhyming couplet.
 Iambic pentameter.
 Couplet: Ties up the
images and feelings
and states the
philosophy of the poet.
 Italian Sonnet
 Octave (8 lines) +
Sestet (6 lines).
 Octave: The Problem
 Sestet: The Solution
 Break =Volta
 Octave: abbaabba
 Sestet: cdecde or
cdcdc or cddcef.
 These often combine
aspects of the
Shakespearean and
Petrarchan forms.
 They may create their
own forms, but always
retain the 14 lines.
Poetry Basics:  Introduction to poetry - analysis and forms.
 The Ode is an address
or tribute in praise of
something.
 It describes the
personal feelings of
the poet.
 Originally sung as
accompaniment to a
Greek Dance.
 Later: Praise of
inanimate object.
 A reflective poem or
lament dealing with
topics such as death or
mourning.
 Examples: “Elegy
written in a Country
Churchyard” by Gray
and “Lycidas” by
Milton.
Poetry -
Concluding
Thoughts
A poet is, before
anything else, a person
who is passionately in
love with language.
(W.H. Auden)
To have great
poets, there must be
great audiences.
(WaltWhitman)
Poetry is nearer to vital
truth than history.
(Plato)

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Poetry Basics: Introduction to poetry - analysis and forms.

  • 1. A poem is a composition in verse. It paints pictures by means of poetic devices such as figurative language, rhythm and rhyme.
  • 2. Poets and TheirTimes Poets reflect the events and ideas of their times through poetry. Understanding of a poet’s time may lead to an understanding of his ideas. Knowledge of a poet’s background also gives us insight into his intention. We refer to “schools of poets”: Metaphysical Poets (John Donne) Romantic Poets (Wordsworth) War Poets (Rupert Brooke)
  • 3.  Theme/Main Idea  Form  Diction (Word Choice)  Tone (Attitude)  Imagery  Rhythm  Rhyme  Metre
  • 4.  Narrative Poetry: Ballad, Epic, Allegory, Dramatic Monologue  Lyric: Sonnet (Petrarchan, Shakespearean, Mo dern), Ode, Elegy.
  • 5. Analysis of Poetry Theme/Idea Each poem conveys the messages or intentions of the poet and these may be explicit (0bvious) or implicit (implied). The poem may be a narrative, which tells a story, or a lyric, which describes the personal feelings of the poet.
  • 6. Analysis of Poetry Form A poem is written in a particular form. Poems are usually written in lines. These lines can be grouped into stanzas. Enjambment or run-on lines occur in poetry where there is no punctuation at the end of a line. The poet’s thoughts remain unbroken.
  • 7. Analysis of Poetry Diction The poet’s use of words creates atmosphere and sets the poem in its correct time and place. Word choice influences rhythm and mood. In a rhyming poem, appropriate word choice is crucial. Jargon and slang may be used for effect. The use of repetition is also an effective device.
  • 8. Analysis of Poetry Tone (Attitude) The tone of the poem reveals the poet’s subjective views and attitude to the reader and to the subject. Tone contributes to the mood or atmosphere of the poem. Best descriptive words for tone: Friendly Sharp Sarcastic Ironic Angry Humorous Condescending (Image the poet’sTONE OFVOICE – “hear” the poet reading his/her poem out loud…)
  • 9. Analysis of Poetry Imagery  Poetry is a combination of literal and figurative language.  Imagery conjures up word pictures – these affect us emotionally and intellectually.  Metaphors, similes, personifact ion.  Alliteration, assonance, conson ance, onomatopoeia.
  • 10. Analysis of Poetry Rhythm Rhythm sets the pace and should match the meaning. Slow rhythm = sombre meaning. Quick pace = happy mood. When reading a poem aloud, FEEL the change of pace and how it affects the mood of the poem. Pace (tempo) and pause affect rhythm.
  • 11. Analysis of Poetry Rhyme  Rhyme depends on sound, not sight.  Rhyme schemes differ.  Couplet: Two consecutive rhyming lines.  Quatrain: Four-lined stanza. Aabb = pair rhyme Abab = alternate/cross rhyme Aabb = enclosed rhyme Abca = free verse
  • 12. Analysis of Poetry Metre Metre is the number of stresses, beats or feet in a line of poetry. Shakespeare used the iambic (rising rhythm of two syllables) pentameter (five feet) to write his sonnets.
  • 13. NARRATIVE POETRY  The Ballad  The Epic  TheAllegory  Dramatic Monologue THE LYRIC  Elizabethan Sonnet  Petrarchan Sonnet  Modern Sonnet  The Ode  The Elegy
  • 14.  A narrative form tells a story.  It usually has a beginning, middle, climax and conclusion.  Direct and narrated speech can be used.  Often composed to record historical, political and family events.  Passed down from generation to generation.  Example: “The Pied Piper of Hamelin”
  • 15.  The Lyric is a poem with a musical or song- like quality.  The Lyric conveys the personal thoughts of the poet.  The Lyric was originally accompanied by the lyre.  This form was favoured by romantic poets likeWordsworth, Keats and Shelley.
  • 16.  Oldest form of narrative verse.  At one stage it was sung.  Subject matter: Love, death, war, brav ery, adventure, action.  Rhythm has strong beat.  Today = songwriters.
  • 17.  Long, narrative poem telling the story of an historical figure or event.  Has been referred to as a “novel in verse”.
  • 18.  TheAllegory is a narrative poem that appears in the form of an extended metaphor.  It conveys a veiled moral meaning.  Example: “Faerie Queene” by Spencer.
  • 19.  Spoken in the first person (“I”).  The speaker addresses an invisible recipient.  From his words, we learn more about the speaker.  Story line = narrative.  Example: Robert Browning
  • 20.  Shakespearean Sonnet  English Sonnet  14 Lines  Three quatrains + rhyming couplet.  Iambic pentameter.  Couplet: Ties up the images and feelings and states the philosophy of the poet.
  • 21.  Italian Sonnet  Octave (8 lines) + Sestet (6 lines).  Octave: The Problem  Sestet: The Solution  Break =Volta  Octave: abbaabba  Sestet: cdecde or cdcdc or cddcef.
  • 22.  These often combine aspects of the Shakespearean and Petrarchan forms.  They may create their own forms, but always retain the 14 lines.
  • 24.  The Ode is an address or tribute in praise of something.  It describes the personal feelings of the poet.  Originally sung as accompaniment to a Greek Dance.  Later: Praise of inanimate object.
  • 25.  A reflective poem or lament dealing with topics such as death or mourning.  Examples: “Elegy written in a Country Churchyard” by Gray and “Lycidas” by Milton.
  • 26. Poetry - Concluding Thoughts A poet is, before anything else, a person who is passionately in love with language. (W.H. Auden) To have great poets, there must be great audiences. (WaltWhitman) Poetry is nearer to vital truth than history. (Plato)