2. 1. INTRODUCTION:
Romania occupies, roughly, ancient Dacia, which became a
Roman province in the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D.
After the Romans left the region in the 3rd century, migrating
peoples, including the Goths, Huns, Avars, Slavs, Bulgars and
Hungarians swept across this country from the 4th to the 10th
centuries, each leaving their mark on the local culture, language
and gene pool.
Romanians survived in village communities and gradually
assimilated the Slavs and other peoples who settled there. By
the 10th century a fragmented feudal system ruled by a military
class appeared.
3. 2. ROMANIA AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
The relations between Romania and the Ottoman Empire had
their origins in the common history of the two peoples, who lived
together over the centuries in the same geographical area.
After the long and terrible period of invasions of all sorts of
migrating peoples, the history of Romania became in essence
that of the two Romanian principalities—Moldavia and Walachia
—and of Transylvania, which for most of the time was a
Hungarian dependency.
The princes of Walachia (in 1417) and of Moldavia (mid-16th
century) became vassals of the Ottoman Empire, but they
retained considerable independence.
4. The 18th Century
An alliance (1711) of the princes of Moldavia and
Walachia with Peter I of Russia led to Turkish
domination of Romania.
Until 1821 the Turkish sultans appointed governors,
usually chosen from among the Phanariots - Greek
residents of Constantinople. The governors and
their subordinates reduced the Romanian people
(except for a few great landlords, the boyars) to a
group of nomadic shepherds enserfed peasants.
5. The 19th Century
When, in 1821, Alexander Ypsilanti raised the Greek
banner of revolt in Moldavia, the Romanians (who
had more grievances against the Greek Phanariots
than against the Turks) helped the Turks to expel
the Greeks.
In 1822 the Turks agreed to appoint Romanians as
governors of the principalities; after the Russo-
Turkish War of 1828–29, during which Russian
forces occupied Moldavia and Walachia, the
governors were given life tenure. Although the two
principalities technically remained within the
Ottoman Empire, they actually became Russian
protectorates.
6. The Congress of Paris (1856)
Russian troops did not evacuate Romania
until 1854, during the Crimean War, when
they were replaced by a neutral Austrian
force. The Congress of Paris (1856)
established Moldavia and Walachia as
principalities under Turkish suzerainty and
under the guarantee of the European powers,
and it awarded S Bessarabia to Moldavia.
7. Alexander John Cuza
The election (1859) of Alexander John Cuza
as prince of both Moldavia and Walachia
prepared the way for the official union (1861–
62) of the two principalities as Romania.
Cuza freed (1864) the peasants from certain
servile obligations and distributed some land
(confiscated from religious orders) to them.
8. The Kingdom of Romania
In 1866 Carol I of the house of Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen was chosen as a king of
Romania. A moderately liberal constitution
was adopted in 1866. In 1877, Romania
joined Russia in its war on Turkey.
At the Congress of Berlin (1878), Romania
gained full independence but was obliged to
restore S Bessarabia to Russia and to accept
N Dobruja in its place. In 1881, Romania was
proclaimed a kingdom.
9. 3. MODERN PERSPECTIVES
On 4/16 November1878, independent
Romania and the Ottoman Empire
established diplomatic relations.
D. Bratianu, Plenipotentiary Minister and
Extraordinary Representative of Romania in
Istanbul, presented his letters of accreditation
to Sultan Abdul-Hamid the Second.
On 3/15 December 1878, Süleyman Sabit
Bey was appointed in the same position in
Bucharest.
10. Romanian –Turkish Diplomatic Relations
After 1878, Romania and Turkey turned from
adversaries to be example of friendly ties
Since then both countries have built a strong
Partnership centered upon their common
experience able to facilitate understanding
issues the whole region being confronted
with.
11. The 20th Century
In 1934, when Turkey was led by the great
state-man Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Romania
together with Turkey, Yugoslavia and Greece
set up the Balkan Entente, one year after the
signature by the Romanian Foreign Minister
Nicolae Titulescu and the Turkish Foreign
Minister Tevfik Rustu Aras of the "Treaty of
Friendship, Non-aggression, Arbitration and
Conciliation between Romania and the
Republic of Turkey".
12. The Relaunch of the Romanian-Turkish
Relations After 1989
The diplomatic legations of the two countries in
Bucharest and Istanbul were brought in 1938 to the
level of Embassies.
This tradition was reflected in and influenced after
1989, when both countries witnessed an ever
ascending trend.
Romania has an embassy in Ankara and two
consulates-general in Istanbul and İzmir.
Turkey has an embassy in Bucharest and a
consulate-general in Constanţa.
Both countries are full members of the
BLACKSEAFOR and BSEC.
14. The 21st Century
President Ahmet Necdet Sezer visited
Romania between July 8–9, 2004.
President Traian Băsescu visited Turkey
between September 28–29, 2005.
Romania joined the European Union (EU) on
January 1, 2007. Romania also declared its
public support for Turkey and shares a
privileged economic relation with Turkey.
15. Turkey - A Very Important Economic
Investor in Romania
Turkey ranks third among investors in
Romania by number of registered companies
and 15th based on foreign direct investment.
Romania and Turkey have been developing
excellent bilateral relations, and there is great
potential to advance them even further. Trade
is one of the key fields of cooperation.
16. Romania Supports Turkey’s Accession to
the European Union
The political dialogue is very dynamic,
interested in maintaining the path in all fields
of cooperation.
As NATO partners, Romania and Turkey (a
member of NATO since 1952) cooperate both
in the field of security and at the international
level.
17. Top 10 Turkish Companies
in Romania
Companies Shareholder
KASTAMONU ENTEGRE AGAC SANAYI
PROLEMN SA Reghin (Wood industry)
VE TICARET ANONIM SIRKETI AS
KOMBASSAN INSAAT TARIM VE
RULMENTI SA Barlad (roller bearings)
SANAYII ISLETMELERI TICARET AS
ROMPAK SRL Pascani (Food Industry) PINAT GIDA SANAYI VE TICARET AS
UNVER SRL Harghita (central heating systems, water
UNVER MUHARREM
supplies, drain pipes)
S.C. EREGLI DEMIR VE CELIK
ERDEMIR Targoviste– ROMANIA SRL ( Ferous products)
FABRICALARI TAS
ROMDIL COM SRL Baia Mare ( Food Industry) ANDIC AHMET
MAJESTIC TOURISM SA Bucuresti (Hotels; Tourism) SELIM SUAT ORSAN
AKROM AKAL TEXTILE ROMANIA SRL Suceava (Light
AK-AL TEKSTIL SANAYII AS
Industry)
GARANTY GAYRIMENKUL YATIRIM
GKY REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT SA Bucuresti
ORTAKLIGI AS
PROVUS SERVICE PROVIDER SA Bucuresti SC SERVUS BILGISAYAR AS
Source: National Trade Register Office – Ministry of Justice
18. Turkey’s Accession to the European
Union - A Win-Win Process
Turkey stands at the cusp of both
Christendom and Islam; as a a modernising
democracy, it can only benefit from
interaction with Europe.
Conversely, it can benefit Europe by acting
as a bridgehead between Europe and the
Middle-East. It can also prove to the world at
large, that an Islamic country, is capable of
embracing democratic ideals, without losing
its identity.
19. Review of Major Reasons to
Invest Romania
Healthy and Predictable Investment Climate
EU member state from January 2007
Supportive Operational Conditions
Favorable Economic Conditions
European Structural Funds available
Specialized authority in the field of direct investment
