1. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
High efficiency supermarkets:
BLDC compressors and waterloop
Tommaso Ferrarese – HVAC/R Laboratory, Carel Industries S.p.A.
Giacomo Bagarella – PhD Energetic Engineering, University of Padua

2. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Refrigerant leakages and power
consumption in supermarkets
Refrigeration
system
Lighting
HVAC
Miscellaneous
7%
18%
21%
54%
15%
20%
8%
36%
21%
MT compressors
LT compressors
Aircooled condensers
Display case fans/lights
Defrost & anti-sweat
heaters
Refrigerant Charge
3.5 ÷ 4 kg/kW
Refrigerant leakages
10% ÷ 15%

3. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Waterloop solution
BLDC compressor onboard, inverter driven
Condenser and inverter electronics are cooled by water
Electronic expansion valve
Reverse cycle defrost available
Inverter driven BLDC
compressor allows flexibility,
high efficiency in part load
operation and optimal
temperature control
No need of 3phase power
supply for each cabinet. Heat
produced during defrost can be
recovered by the water loop
Stand-alone cabinet

4. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Waterloop solution
Waterloop plant

5. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Charge and leakages reduction
Leakage reduction:
from 10%-15% to 1-2%
Charge Reduction over 70%:
From 3.5 ÷ 4 kg/kW to 1 kg/kW

6. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Energy efficiency
 In traditional supermarkets suction pressure setpoint depends from «worst»
conditions: maximum cooling power demand
 A centralized system with floating suction can increase the setpoint when the
cooling demand is lower, but it always depends on the «worst» unit

7. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Energy efficiency
 Each self contained cabinet can operate with the maximum
evap T allowed
 When load ratio is less than 1 the inverter compressor reduces
its speed and works with a higher Evap T than in traditional
systems

8. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Costs
Stand-alone units are more expensive than standard ones
Cooling devices installed on the waterloop are standard
AC units, available on the market, reliable and operating
in more efficient conditions
Copper pipes are replaced by hydraulic pipes
No need of pipe insulation
Charge reduction
More flexibility in plant architecture
High reliabilty due to factory assembled units
Running costs reduced by higher efficiency and easy
maintenance

9. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Medium
Temp
Units
Control
Devices
Cps
Cool.Cap.
[kW]
Low Temp Units
Control
devices
Cps
Cool.Ca
p. [kW]
Vegetables 2 2 2 3780
Frozen
food
6 6 6 9500
Dairy 6 6 6 20800 Cells 2 4 4 4200
Meat 3 3 3 9700 Total 8 10 10 13700
Fish 2 4 2 2780
Comp.
cool. cap.
Evap T: -35°C Evap T: -10°C
Deli 6 8 3 9080 Small 800 2200
Cold rooms 7 7 4 13600 Medium 1300 3600
Total 26 30 20 59740 Large 1700 4500
Real supermarket plant

10. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Supermarket simulation
Data Acquisition
Energetic Model
(Water-Loop
Solution)
Real
Supermarket
Energetic Model
(Traditional
Supermarket)
Condensation: Fixed
Evaporation: Fixed
SimulationsEnergetic Model
(Advanced
Supermarket)
Energetic Model
R134a/CO2
Cascade
Weather Data
(Berlin)
Cooling Loads
Condensation: Floating
Evaporation: Floating
Condensation: Floating
Evaporation: Floating
Energy
Analysis
Energetic
Model
Model Validation
SupermarketArea3000m2

11. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Supermarket simulation
Medium
Temperature
Cabinets
Cooling
capacity [W]
Low
Temperature
Cabinets
Cooling
capacity [W]
Vegetables 6 10000 Frozen food 24 35000
Dairy 18 60000 Cells 6 20000
Meat 8 26000 Total 30 55000
Fish 6 8000
Deli 18 26000
Cold rooms 8 35000
Total 64 165000
MT/LT
Comps
MT/LT Cool.
Capacity [kW]
MT/LT Electric
Power [kW]
MT/LT Evap T [kW]
Cond T
[°C]
Waterloop
solution
72/30 170/60 79/34 Variable/Variable 20
Traditional
Supermarket
6/3 200/64 87/53 -10/-35 33
Advanced
Supermarket
6/3 200/64 87/53 Variable/Variable Variable
R134a/CO2
Cascade
7/3 270/78 100/22 Variable/Variable Variable
Reference

12. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Supermarket simulation
Energy efficiency

13. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Supermarket simulation
Energy efficiency
Energy absorbed
[kWh/year]
Energy saved
[kWh/year]
Energy saving
Money saving
[€/year] MIN
Money saving
[€/year] MAX
Waterloop
solution BLDC
418500 - - -
W.loop fixed
speed Comp
458200 39700 9% 5955 9925
Traditional
Supermarket
592400 173900 29% 26085 43475
Advanced
Supermarket
457000 38500 8% 5775 9625
R134a/CO2
Cascade
466000 47500 10% 7125 11875

14. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Supermarket simulation
TEWI
CO2 indirect
[t CO2/10 yrs]
CO2 direct
[t CO2/10 yrs]
C02 End of Life
[t CO2]
TEWI
[t CO2/ 10 year]
Waterloop
solution
4425 72 36 4533
Traditional
Supermarket
5469 19% 4560 98% 152 76% 10181 55%
Advanced
Supermarket
4656 5% 4560 98% 152 76% 9368 52%
R134a/CO2
Cascade
4711 6% 936 92% 31 -15% 3764 20%

15. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th
-8th
JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Thank you
for your attention!