1. © Cemafroid
XV CONVEGNO EUROPEO
Milano 7 & 8 of June 2013
Gérald CAVALIER
F-Gases
in refrigerated transports :
rationale and perspectives

2. © Cemafroid
ІContent
• Refrigerated transport fleets
– In the world, in Europe
– Regulations and context
• Refrigerated transport equipment
– Typology of refrigeration units
– F-gases use in transport refrigeration
• Challenges for transport refrigeration
– Available technologies
– Agenda

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TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION
FLEETS

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ІRefrigerated transport in the world
• In the world
– 4 million terrestrial equipment (RTOC 2010)
– 500 000 reefer marine containers (RTOC
2010)
– 1 equipment for 1750 inhabitants
• In Europe
– 1,1 terrestrial equipment in U.E.
– 1 equipment for 450 inhabitants
• In China
– 100 000 equipment
– 1 equipment for 13 000 inhabitants
• In India
– 6 000 equipment (NCCD 2012)
– 1 equipment for 200 000 inhabitants
In a few words

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ІRefrigerated transport in the world
• Mature markets in developped
countries
– Renewal of the fleet
• 10 to 12% per year
– Evolution of pratices
• Urban delivery
• Massification
• New products : health,…
• Exploding markets in developping
countries
– Cold chain development
– Transport companies equipment
– growth of the fleet
Tendancies

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ІRefrigerated transport in Europe
• ATP for international transport
– Minimum performances for insulation
– Minimum refrigeration capacity
• F-Gas
– Not in application for transport
– In project for the revision
• Should apply in 2014
• For all equipment or only the
autonomous ?
• Environmental impact
– Ecodesign
– Impact of transport
– Carbon footprint
Context and regulations

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ІRefrigerated transport in France
• ATP mandatory for all equipment
– For Perishables and Pharmaceuticals
• Except for less than 80km, vegetables…
– A total fleet of some 150 000
• Some 130 000 ATP equipment
• A centralised system : DATAFRIG®
– All equipment inside : more than 300 000
– Detailled and reliable information since 2005-
• Insulated bodies, Refrigeration units
• F-Gazes (name, load)
– More than 600 users
• F-Gaz extended to refrigerated transport
– All equipment over 2kg of HFC

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TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION
EQUIPMENT AND F-GASES

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ІRefrigerated transport equipment
• Vans and car derivated vans
– Inserted insulation
– External body insulation
– Less than 3,5 tons
• Trucks
– Body works
– Few internal insulation
– 3,5 to 29 t
• Trailers and semi trailers
– Semi trailers over 26 t
– Trailers together with a truck
Refrigerated transport type

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ІRefrigerated transport equipment
• Refrigeration technologies
– 96% of vapour compression systems
with air blowned evaporators
– 4 % of vapour compression systems
with eutectic evaporators
– Few others : cryogenics…
• Autonomy regarding the vehicle
– 55% non autonomous
• Mainly vans
– 45 % autonomous
• Trucks trailers and semi trailers
Transport refrigeration units

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ІMarket analysis and segmentation
• Mono and multi-compartment
equipment
– Since 1994 multitemp units
– Dedicated to distribution
– Fixed or movable bulkheads
Refrigerated transport equipments produced

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ІTransport refrigeration solutions
Transport refrigeration units available on the market
refrigeration unit type
name
refrigeration
principle
refrigerants
secondary
fluid
main energy
source
additionnal
energy
source
(fans….)
standby
option
Battery units
vapor compression
system
HFC (R134a) no
electricity
supply from the
vehicle
no yes
Motor driven units mono-temp
vapor compression
system
HFC (R134a,
R404a, R410,
R407)
no
pulley on the
vehicle engine
electricity
supply from the
vehicle
yes
Diesel units mono-temp
vapor compression
system
HFC (R134a,
R404a, R410,
R407)
no diesel engine no yes
Generator unit mono-temp
vapor compression
system
HFC (R134a,
R404a, R410,
R407)
no
specific
generator
mounted on the
engine of the
vehicle
no yes
Eutectic units with plates or tubes
mono-température
vapor compression
system
HFC (R404a,
R410, R407)
eutectic fluid in
tube or pipes
electricity no N/A
Direct Cryogenics cryogenic effect liquid N2 no liquid N2 gas no
Indirect Cryogenics cryogenic effect liquid N2 or C02 no liquid N2 or C02 gas no
Dry ice cryogenic effect Solid C02 no Solid C02 battery for fans no
Eutectic plates eutetia
depending of the
cold room
eutectic fluid in
tube or pipes
electricity no no
Absorption or adsorption units
adsorption ou
absorption
NH3, H2O, … no electricity no N/A
energy sourcesrefrigeration system

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ІF-Gaz in transport refrigeration
• Refrigerant fluids in Europe
– More than 95% of R404A
– Some 4% R134a
– Few others : R410a, …
• Eutectic solutions
– Eutectic point at -35°C or at -26°C
Transport refrigeration units

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ІF-Gaz in transport refrigeration
• F-Gas loads in transport refrigeration units
– Average load : 3,86 kg/unit
– CO2 equivalent in transport equipment
• Average of 13,5 tons CO2 per equipment
• Total load for 1,1 million equipment
– Some 4 246 t of HFCs among in UE
• more than 4 000 t of R404A
– Some 16 Millions of potential Tons equivalent CO2
Transport refrigeration units
average (kg) total load (kg) average (kg) total load (kg)
Autonomous equipment 6,68 26 180 6,58 35 896
Motor driven equipment 1,62 9 317 1,63 11 154
year 2010 year 2011
Average refrigerated load

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ALTERNATIVES FOR TRANSPORT
REFRIGERATION UNITS

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ІRefrigeration alternatives
• New fluids ?
• CO2 ?
• Absorption ?
• Cryogenics?
• Indirect refrigeration?
1953
20102010
2030
1970

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ІConclusion
• Refrigerated transport
– The sector with the highest impact of
R404a ban with 95% of the load
• Solutions
– Partial solutions ready :
• Cryogenic
– General solutions at medium term 2025
• CO2, …
• Challenges
– Built an agenda compatible with
– Development of new reliable solutions
• And
– Prevent the use of counterfeit refrigerants

19. © Cemafroid
ІThank you for your attention !
Gérald CAVALIER
President of Cemafroid group
Cemafroid
5, avenue des prés
CS 20029
94 266 Fresnes
www.cemafroid.fr
Tel : 01 49 84 84 84
gerald.cavalier@cemafroid.fr