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Comparison &
Contrast Essay
ENGL 3104
Prof. Mara Luna
Styles of Communication
 Communicating      with other people is part
 of our daily lives, yet there are many
 different styles of communication.

 We  all have a particular way of
 communicating that seems self-evident
 and natural to us, so we can be surprised,
 frustrated, or hurt when someone
 misunderstands us.
Styles of Communication
   There are different styles of communicating
    between the two genders (men and women) and
    between two cultures.

   What is the difference between Eastern- and
    Western-style conversations?

   What is the difference between men’s and
    women’s styles of communicating? In this culture?
    In your culture?

   Have you ever been misunderstood because of
    different styles of communication?
Building Vocabulary
 Synonyms – words with similar meanings.
  We use synonyms when comparing.


 Antonyms – words with opposite meanings.
  We use antonyms when contrasting.
Comparison & Contrast
Purpose                        Examples
To determine the superiority   Decide which car to buy by
of one thing over another.     comparing features.

To explain something that is   Describe how an electric car
unknown by comparing it to     works by contrasting its function
something that is known.       with that of a gasoline-powered
                               car.
To show that two apparently    Show how an author’s new
similar things are in fact     book or a musical group’s new
quite different or to show     album is surprisingly different
                               from the last one.
that two apparently
dissimilar things are quite
similar.
To show how something or       Compare and contrast Haiti
someone has changed.           before and after the
                               earthquake in 2010.
Purpose
 Isnot just to point out similarities and
  differences but also to persuade, explain,
  or inform.

 Think about comparison and contrast as a
  method of development – not a purpose
  for writing.
Points of Comparison
   When comparing two people you could
    compare their looks, backgrounds, philosophies,
    the way they treat people, their intelligence,
    their lifestyles, and so on. The list could continue,
    but this is just the problem: you would have an
    endless list.
 When     comparing and contrasting two
    things, people, countries, and so forth,
    especially for a standard 300- to 500- word
    essay, it is best to limit yourself to two to four
    points of comparison that will support the
    central idea in your essay.
Emphasis on Comparison or Contrast
  In  a comparison and contrast essay, the
   emphasis is usually on one or the other
   depending on your purpose.
  If you are comparing two rather similar
   things, you should acknowledge the obvious
   similarities but focus on the differences.
  If your are comparing two rather dissimilar
   things, you should acknowledge the obvious
   contrasts but emphasize the less obvious
   similarities.
Patterns of Organization
There are two basic patterns of organization
for developing the comparison and
contrast essay:

 Pattern   A – Point-by-point

 Pattern   B – All of One / All of the Other
Patterns of Organization
Pattern A – Point-by-point
     Each point of comparison is discussed
      separately.
     Is useful for organizing complex topics.
     It is also an easy pattern to follow because
      the comparison-contrast is made clear
      throughout the essay.
Patterns of Organization
Pattern B – All of One / All of the Other
     Each point of comparison is discussed
      separately.
     Is useful for organizing more limited topics.

  The points of comparison are the same and
  they are discussed in the same order under
  each section in both patterns of organization.
Using the Two Patterns
 The  two patterns can also be used to
  write both paragraphs and essays.
 Typically you will devote one paragraph
  to each of the points of comparison.
 In an essay, you will provide more support
  through examples, facts, and details than
  in a paragraph.
Transitions for
Comparison and Contrast
Type                         Examples
Phrase + Noun                For similarity:  similar to
                                             in comparison to
                             For difference: in contrast with
                                             unlike

Coordinating Conjunctions    For similarity: and
                             For difference: but, yet

Subordinating Conjunctions   For similarity: just as
                             For difference: whereas
Expressions Between          For similarity: likewise
Sentences                                     similarly
                             For difference: on the other hand
                                                in contrast
                                                however

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Comparison & contrast essay

  • 1. Comparison & Contrast Essay ENGL 3104 Prof. Mara Luna
  • 2. Styles of Communication  Communicating with other people is part of our daily lives, yet there are many different styles of communication.  We all have a particular way of communicating that seems self-evident and natural to us, so we can be surprised, frustrated, or hurt when someone misunderstands us.
  • 3. Styles of Communication  There are different styles of communicating between the two genders (men and women) and between two cultures.  What is the difference between Eastern- and Western-style conversations?  What is the difference between men’s and women’s styles of communicating? In this culture? In your culture?  Have you ever been misunderstood because of different styles of communication?
  • 4. Building Vocabulary  Synonyms – words with similar meanings.  We use synonyms when comparing.  Antonyms – words with opposite meanings.  We use antonyms when contrasting.
  • 5. Comparison & Contrast Purpose Examples To determine the superiority Decide which car to buy by of one thing over another. comparing features. To explain something that is Describe how an electric car unknown by comparing it to works by contrasting its function something that is known. with that of a gasoline-powered car. To show that two apparently Show how an author’s new similar things are in fact book or a musical group’s new quite different or to show album is surprisingly different from the last one. that two apparently dissimilar things are quite similar. To show how something or Compare and contrast Haiti someone has changed. before and after the earthquake in 2010.
  • 6. Purpose  Isnot just to point out similarities and differences but also to persuade, explain, or inform.  Think about comparison and contrast as a method of development – not a purpose for writing.
  • 7. Points of Comparison  When comparing two people you could compare their looks, backgrounds, philosophies, the way they treat people, their intelligence, their lifestyles, and so on. The list could continue, but this is just the problem: you would have an endless list.  When comparing and contrasting two things, people, countries, and so forth, especially for a standard 300- to 500- word essay, it is best to limit yourself to two to four points of comparison that will support the central idea in your essay.
  • 8. Emphasis on Comparison or Contrast  In a comparison and contrast essay, the emphasis is usually on one or the other depending on your purpose.  If you are comparing two rather similar things, you should acknowledge the obvious similarities but focus on the differences.  If your are comparing two rather dissimilar things, you should acknowledge the obvious contrasts but emphasize the less obvious similarities.
  • 9. Patterns of Organization There are two basic patterns of organization for developing the comparison and contrast essay:  Pattern A – Point-by-point  Pattern B – All of One / All of the Other
  • 10. Patterns of Organization Pattern A – Point-by-point  Each point of comparison is discussed separately.  Is useful for organizing complex topics.  It is also an easy pattern to follow because the comparison-contrast is made clear throughout the essay.
  • 11. Patterns of Organization Pattern B – All of One / All of the Other  Each point of comparison is discussed separately.  Is useful for organizing more limited topics. The points of comparison are the same and they are discussed in the same order under each section in both patterns of organization.
  • 12. Using the Two Patterns  The two patterns can also be used to write both paragraphs and essays.  Typically you will devote one paragraph to each of the points of comparison.  In an essay, you will provide more support through examples, facts, and details than in a paragraph.
  • 13. Transitions for Comparison and Contrast Type Examples Phrase + Noun For similarity: similar to in comparison to For difference: in contrast with unlike Coordinating Conjunctions For similarity: and For difference: but, yet Subordinating Conjunctions For similarity: just as For difference: whereas Expressions Between For similarity: likewise Sentences similarly For difference: on the other hand in contrast however