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Ha3BaJI «HeBcnOMHHaeMbIM 11He3a6bIBaeMhIM » (2001: 18).

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43

KAK nlO50Bb CIl0PMV1PYET 03i PE5EHKA?
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42

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(1985)

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50

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51

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52 .

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53

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54

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55

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  • 5. C pa3?,eIIIeH11H nOpe11Te,ll;» . aaropa 11«HOPTOH 11KOMnaH11, I1HKop- np116JI11311TeJIhHO200 CJIOB113pa60ThI JIhI CT11BeHCOH, 2000. Bce npaaa , «BI1JIJI11» Ilaxre- 3am;11m;eHhI. BOCnp0113- . «Xaprrep KOJIJI11H3na6JI11IIIepc» .. np116JI11311TeJIhHO 300 CJIOB 113 KH11r11 «,l1;eJIO BCeH JK113H11», PeHqeJI Kacx, 2001. Bee npana 3am;11m;eHhI. BOCnp0113Be,ll;eHo. C pa3peIIIeH1151 «Xapnep KOJIJI11H3 neaerro • • C pa3peIIIeHI1H na6JI11IIIepc» . HOBbIM ClIO COB lIOHMMAHM5I • 3Ta KH11ra 51BJIHeTC5I e3YJIhTaTOM MHOrOJIeTH11X Hap 6JIIO,lI;eH11H, nomcpennenasrx neBTHqeCKOH npaKTHKoH, .BHHMaHHe CXEMbI 06yqeHHeM B pasncax KOTOPOH ocofiennoe Y,lI;eJIHJIOCb TeMe rrp06JIeMHhIX V H ncnxorepaMH HapYIIIeH- . . HhIX B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHH MeJK,lI;YMJIa,ll;~Hu;aMH H HX MaTe- CJIe,ll;YH p5lMH. caoexry npezoryncramo 0 TOM, qTO pannne Cxexra 3.1. 113 KHHrH «Iloapescaaer JIH CTpeCC M03r» Zlyrnaca Bpesrrrepa, 2002. Bee npasa aanrameasr, . Cxexra 5.1. PeKJIaMa AJIhHHCa no nO,ll,ll;epJKKe JIIO- BJIH5IHHe Ha ,lI;aJIbHeHIIIee nCHXOJIOrHqeCKOe COCT05lHHe, 51na-rana rrocasntenasre ,lI;eH, BHTH5I M03ra V cTpa,ll;alOm;11X ,lI;enpeccHeH ,lI;enpeCcHBHbIM CHH,lI;POMOM C pa3peIIIeHH5I DBSA. H (DBSA). MaHHaKaJIhHOI1crroJIh30BaHo B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHH onpeztenenao ,lI;OJIJKHhI OKa3bIBaTb V rrsy-rars pa60ThI, Y MJIa,lleHu;eB II MaJIeHhKIIX V HellIIIeM OTHOC5Im;HMIICH K nCHXOJIOrllqeCKlI JIIOMM, 6JIeM, OT He6oJIbliiOH pas- B ,lI;aJIb- C ,lI;aHHbIMH, He6JIarorrOJIyqHbIM crpaaarounm ztenpeccnn ztcreii. ziaansre MHe Y,lIaJIOCb CB5I3aTb ara B3POCJIhIM aorrpocaxr u;eJIbIM PMOM ,lI;0YMcTBeHHoH npo- II <p1l3H- V -recxon ncnxona'ronormr. • no Mepe 113yqeHHH MHe CTaJIO rrOH5ITHO, qTO nponcxo,lI;llT HeqTO HOBoe II 3aMeQaTeJIhHOe II qTO MOll c06CTBeH- nsre OTKphITll51 OKa3aJIliCh onem, nonornmr csoeaperaenasnaa. K TOMY MOMeHTY, xoraa KHX pa3HhIX 113 CJI1l5lHHH HeCKOJIb- ,iJ;HCU;HIIJIliH PO,ll;llJIOCh HOBoe 3MOU;1l0HaJIbHOH JKH3Hll. MHe nOHIIMaHHe 6hI XOTeJIOCh rrpe,ll;JIOJKIITb v BaM rryrenoznrrens MbI v B 3TOT HOBhIli MllP, KOTOPbIll, B03MOJK. HO, 113MeHIIT,name nomcaaaae v naprnepcxax OTHOIIIeHIIH H 6Y,lI;eT nOJIe3eH KaK ,lIJI5IpO,llHTeJI5I, TaK II ,lIJI5IMe,ll;HU;llHcxoro CneU;HaJIliCTa. HeCneU;HaJIliCTOM H yxasre Hepeznco rpyzmsre ,lIJI5I nonaaanaa cyxo nanacaaasre Me,ll;HU;llHCKlle, Ha- M aKa,ll;eMHqeCKHe TeKCThI, na roes, coztepxcar JKH3HeHHO aaxoryro , xoropsre H onnpa- MH<popMaU;HIO, HO OHa
  • 6. 12 KAK Jl1050Bb CDOPMVlPYET 03f PE5EHKA? M 13 • IIe,n;OC'I'yIIHa IIIHPOKOMY xpyry qHTaTeJIen. I1MeHHo 3Ta HHH, 60JIe3HeH I1JIH CKJIOHHOCTHK npecrymrosry MHcpOpMaU;HJI Kap,n;MHaJIbHO H3MeHI1JIa Moe npeacrasne- HHIO, HHe 06 3MOU;HOHaJIhHOM)KH3HH. Coe,n;HBJIJIMHcpopMaU;llIO reHOB», • ll3 3TllX MCTOqHHKOBII JI3bIK, JI npeztnararo «nepesoas- ee na 60JIee rrOHJITHhIM BaM caMOCTOJITeJIbHOcoaepnnrn, no- ,n;06Hble OTKPhITMJI. .HOBbIH , B3rJIJI,n;, OTKPhIBIIIMMCJI na 3MOU;llOHaJIbHYIO npo- 3peHMJI, a 6JIaro,n;ap5I B03,n;eMCTBllIOMHO)KeCTBa C06bITHM, npOH30IIIe,n;IIIMX o,n;HOBpeMeHHO B HeBpOJIOrllll, rrCllXOaHaJIH3e, 6MOXllMllH. ztpyra, npn CqI1TaIOTCH CJIe,n;cTBHeM«IlJIOXI1X HeI136e)KHhIMH II C rex nop KaK 3TH ,n;rrCU;ll- nomnranae n05IBHJIOCb 60JIee rJIy60Koe B ,n;OCTaTOqHOMKOJIH'leCTBe )KeJIaIIHJI, BOJIM npouecc rpaunapyrouieii BHTCJITpaBMHpOBaHHbIM H TpaBMHpyIOm;HM MH, OC03HaJIH, 'ITO ecrs He06xo,n;HMOCTh B nozmepxoce ceMeMHOM )KH3HH. 11 OHH ,n;a)Kenpezmpmramr OT HaJIOrOBbIX nOCJIa6JIeHMM zto KypCOB JIHHe np06JIeMHbIX JIOrHlJeCKOI'O 06'b5ICHeHH5I nanrero ztoporo COU;HaJIbHOrO none- )Kll3HH 'leJIOBeI{a, pa3BHTll5I naurero ra. H naysenne npouecc v 6HOJIOrllqeCKHX «COU;llaJIbHOro M03- CHCTeM, BKJIIOqeHHhIX B . 3HaHMe B nerrrp Hailiero )Kll3HH qeJIOBeKa. .. ,lVrn: MeHJI 3TOT npouecc eM B 3MOU;HOHaJIbHOH peryJIJIU;HH. OCHOBHa.5I aaztaxa CeHlJaC COCTOHT B TOM, qT06bI nOMeCTHTb 3TO nay-moe nOHllMaHll5I 3MOU;HOHaJIbHOM 6bm csoero pozta nYTeIIIeCTBH- ,n;OCTaTO'lHO60JIe3HeHHbIM. C O,n;HOH CTOPOHhI, MOH OTKPbITMJI npHBeJIH po,n;llTeJIeH HJIH Hecnoc06HOCTh po,n;HTeJIeH cnpaBHThCJI CO CBOHMH 665I3aHHOCTJIMH no 3a60Te ,n;JIJI1X OTnpbICKOB, csoero I HeH36e)KHO MeHJI K nOHH- 'ITO He,n;OCTaTOqHaJIHHCPOpMHpOBaHHOCTh rYT npHBeCTH K cepseansne noaeziemrexr, I10JIHTHKll ceMen, nexoropsre onacarorcs, 'ITO BJIH- CBJI3aHHbIX C KPHMHHaJIbHbIM HaCHJIHeM H HapKOTHKaMH, 6y,n;eT CJIHIlIKOM 06XO,n;HTbCH 06:w;eCTBY.HeCMOTp5I na TO 'ITO raxaa noztztepxoca JIBJIJIeTCH)KH3HeHHO Heo6xo,n;HMOH ,n;JIH no- ,n;06HbIX cesreii, ::lTO oaeas IIanOMHHaeT paaaasy e,n;bI ro- JIo,n;aIOm;HMI1JIH, eCJIH I1CnOJIb30BaTh ztpyryro BKJIa,n;bIBaHHe cpencrs nJIOXOnOCTpoeHHO- B coztepzcaane alfaJIOrHIO, C npore-ncaaa, ro ,n;OMa.I10CTOJIHHbIe np06JIeMhI IlJI.OXMM OTOIlJIeHHeM I1JIH 3BYKOH30JIJIU;HenMOryr 6bITb BpeMeHHO YCTpaHeHbI, HO HHqTO He MO)KeT H3MeHHTb cpaKT, 'ITO ,n;OM BOJIH}'IOm;HM, a nnoraa MafIHIO roro, poznrrenexr. MepbI ,n;JIJI aroro roro, MJIa,n;eH'leCKOrO rrepnona BblPOCIIIHM l.JHHOBHHKH, PYKOBO,n;CTBYJICb ,n;06pbIMH HaMepeI-IHJI- ncnsrrsraars 3MOU;HH 110 OTHOIIIeHHIO K ,n;pyrHM JIIO,ll;JIM. Bnepaue CTaJIO B03MO)KI-IO rr05IBJIeHlle nOJIHOCTbIO 6HOnOHHMaHHe II pecyp- 06CTaHOBKe, He 06JI3aTeJIbHO CTaHO- ,n;JIJI y,n;ym;HXpoznrreneii. 6 srepea EOJIee TpaHCJIJIU;I1HTpaBMbI nOKOJIeHI1JI K ,n;pyrOMy: pe6eHOK; KaK 'leJIOBeK CTaHOBHTCH 'leJIOBeKOM II KaK OH yqHTC5I ,n;eHHJI' rrpenorrpeztenenasraa. MOH HCCJIe,n;OBaHI1JI ,a;aJII1MHe Ha,n;e)K,n;y na TO, 'ITO OT ozmoro nCllXOJIO- IlJIHHbI HaqaJIM C006m;aTbCJI Me)K,ll;Y C060H II BJIMJITb,n;pyr na roro, 06bl'lHO COBMO)KHO npeztornparrrrs )Kll3Hb, n05IBI1JICJIHe na-aa KaKorO-TO KOHKpeTHoro rna, tcoropsre nonezte- 0 MJIa,n;eHu;e MO- HeraTI1BHbIM nOCJIe,n;CTBHJIM pozta HHBaJIH,n;HOCTH,KOTOPaJI 6y,n;eT npH'lHHJITb apezr H ztpyrm« JIIO,ll;JIM. C ,n;pyrOH CTOPOHbI, KO MHe npHIIlJIO nOHHMaHHe roro, 'ITO MO)KHO M36e)KaTb np05IBJIeHHM nOBe,n;eHqeCKHX OTKJIOHe- nocrpoea IlJIOXO H na ero coztepxcanne no-npexcaexry 6y- ,n;YTYXO,n;HTb3HaqI1TeJIbHbIe CYMMbI. To xce 11 C JIIO,ll;bMH, OCHOBbIKOTOPbIX He 6bIJIH B csoe BpeM5I Ha,n;JIe)Kam;MM06pa30M v 3aJIO)KeHbI. HeCMOTpJI na TO 'ITO ,ll;OpOrOCTOJIm;HI1 peMOHT MO)KeT 6bITb npouanezten PHO,n;bI)KH3I-IH, rrepnoa H B 60JIee rr03,n;I'IHe ne- 3aKJIa,n;KH cpYH,ll;aMeHTa KoppeKU;HJI HaH60JIee ,ll;encTBeHHa roro 'lTo6bI nOCTpOHTb xopoumii xorzia Y)Ke 3aKOHqeH. ,lVIJI . ,n;OM,ero OCHOBbIHJ)KHO cnpoexrnpoaars sapanee. 3TH OCHOBbI 3aKJIa,ll;bIBaIOTCJI BO BpeMJI 6epeMeHHOCTH H B resenne rrepssrx ,n;Byx rrer )KH3HI1 petiemca. 3TO •
  • 7. 12 CblO rEPXAPDT KAK nlO50Bb CDOPMV1PYET M03r PE5EHKA? 13 , aeztocrynaa xpyry rnMpOI{OMY l.JMTaTeJIeiI. MMeHHO 3Ta HUH, 60JIe3HeM MJIH CKJIOHHOCTI1K MHcpOpMa~MH Kap,n;MHaJIbHO M3MeHI1JIa Moe rrpencraane- H11IO, xoropsre HI1e 06 3MO~I10HaJIbHOiI renos», )I{I13HI1. Coe,n;HfflIH 1133TI1X I1CTOl.JHI1KOB «nepenozta. 11 I1HcpopMa~HIO ee rra 60JIee rrOHHTHbliI H3bIK, H rrpezurararo BaM caMOCTOHTeJIbHO COBeprnI1Tb no,n;06Hble OTKpbITI1H. '. .HOBbIH , B3rJIH,n;, OTKPbIBIIII1HCH na )I{I13Hb, lIOHBHJICH He H3-3a KaKorO-TO 3MO~I10HaJIbHYID KOHKpeTHoro npo- a 6JIaro,n;apH B03,n;eHCTBI1IOMHO)I{eCTBa C06bITI1H, 3peHI1H, rrpOII30IIIe,n;IIII1X' o,n;HOBpeMeHHO B HeBpOJIOrI1I1, lICI1XOJIO- C 'rex rHI1, lICI1XOaHaJIH3e, 6I10XI1MI1H. ILJII1I-II,I Hal.JaJIl'I cootiutarsca na ztpyra, lIOP KaK 3TI1 ,n;I1C~I1- Me)I{,lJ;YC060H 11BJII1HTb ztpyr rrOHBHJIOCb 60JIee rJIy60Koe rrOHI1MaHI1e roro, HClIbITbIBaTb Bnepasre 3MO~I1I1 TIO OTHOIUeHI1IO K ,n;pyrI1M JIIOMM. CTaJIO B03MO)I{I-IO nOHBJIeHHe nOJIHOCTbIO 6110- . JIOrI1qeCKOrO 06'bHCHeHI1H sepea ,n;eHMH' , namero nOHI1MaHHe CO~I1aJIbHOrO MJIa,n;eHqeCKOrO )I{I13HH QeJIOBeI{a, pa3BI1THH nanrero ra- rrose- nepaozra B «COJJ;I1aJIbHOrOM03- 11 H3YQeHHe 6I10JIOrI1QeCK11X C11CTeM, BKJIIOQeHHbIX B rrponecc ~ 3MOD;110HaJIbH011 peryJIH~l111. OCHoBHaH aaaa-ta ~ Cel1QaC COCTOHT B l'OM, l.JT06bI nOMecTl1Tb ananne B nerrrp naurero )I{113H11l.JeJIOBeKa. .. ,lVIH MeHH 3TOT eM nOH11MaHHH 3MO~HOHaJIbHOiI 6blJI csoero BOJIHYID~I1lVI, a mrorzra MaHHIO 'roro, pona nyreurecrsn- ,ll;OCTaTOQHO60JIe3HeHHbIM. OTKpbITI1H npHBeJI11 MeHH K nOH11- QTO He,n;OCTaTOQHaH 11HCPOpMHpOBaHHOCTb po,n;HTeJIeM HJIH Hecnoc06HOCTb po,n;11TeJIeM CnpaBI1TbCH co CBOHMH 06H3aHHOCTHMH no ryr HeraTUBHbIM npHBeCTU K cepseaasn« ,n;JIH 11XOTnpbICKOB, csoero HeH36e)I{HO C ,n;pyrOH HeI136e)I{HbIMI4 rrpeaonpeaexenaensa. 11 DOJIee roro , MOI1 l1CCJIe,ll;OBaHI1H,n;aJII1MHe npa ,n;OCTaTOl.JHOM KOJII1QeCTBe )I{eJIaI-II1H, BOJIl1 11 pecyp- . Ha,n;e)I{,lJ;yua TO, QTO , COB MO)I{HO npe,n;OTBpaTI1Tb npo:u;ecc TpaHCJIH:U;I1I1 TpaBMhI OT oznroro nOKOJIeHI1H K B TpaBMI1pyIO~eH ztpyrosry: 06CTaHOBKe, pe6eHOI{, ,. BblpOCrnI1H He 06H3aTeJIhHO CTaHO- B11TCH TpaBM11pOBaHHbIM 11TpaBM11pYIDlll;11M po,n;11TeJIeM. Q11HOBH11K11,PyKOBO,n;CTBYHCb,n;06pbIMI1 HaMepeH11HM11, OC03HaJI11, QTO ecrs Heo6xo,n;11MOCTh B noztnepsoce ceMeHHOH )K113Hl1. M OH11zrasce npe,n;np11HH1I11nexoropue OT HaJIOrOBbIX nOCJIa6JIeH11H zto KypCOB ,lJ;JIH 6y,n;~11X pO,ll;11TeJIeU.I10JI11T11K11 nacarorca, '{TO BJIl1o HHl1e np06JIeMHhIX noaezreaaeu, ztoporo ceMeu, CBH3aHHhIX C KpHMl1IIaJIbHhIM HaCMJIl1eM l1 HapKOTl1KaMl1, 6y.n;eT CJIHlllKOM 06XO,ll;l1TbCH06~eCTBY. no.n;.n;ep)KKa HBJIHeTCH ,Il;06HhIX ceMeH, HeCMOTpH na TO '{TO TaKaH )K113HeHHO He06xo.n;11MoH .n;JIH no- 3TO o-reas IlanOMI1HaeT paazraxy e,n;I,I ro- JIo.n;aIO~I1M l1JI11, eCJIH HCnOJIh30BaTb ztpyryro BKJIa,n;bIBaH11ecpeztcrs nJIOXO nOCTpoeHHO- B coaepxcamre ro ,n;OMa. nOCTOHHHble np06JIeMhI aIlaJIOr11IO, C npOTeqKaMI1, OTOITJIeH11eMMJII13ByK0I130JIH:U;I1eU Moryr ITJIOXl1M 6bITh BpeMeHHO YCTpaHeHhI, HO HI1QTO He MO)KeT I13MeHI1Th .paKT, QTO .n;OM rrpouerc C o,n;I-IoiI CTOPOHbI, MOH 3TO nay-moe noaezte- 06bIQHO CQI1TaIOTCHCJIe,n;cTBI1eM «fIJIOXI1X MepbI,n;JIH aroro KaK ~IeJIOBeI{ CTaHOBHTCH l.JeJIOBeKOM H KaK OH' YQI11'CH rrpecryrnrosry 3a60Te 0 MJIa,n;eHD;e MOnOCJIe,n;CTB11HM pona 11HBaJI11,n;HOCTI1, KOTOPaH 6y,n;eT npI1QHHHTb spezr CTOPOHhI, KO MHe npmnno H ,n;pyrUM nOHI1MaHue JIIOMM. roro, QTO MO)I{HO I136e)I{aTh npOHBJIeHHM nOBe,n;eHQeCKHX OTKJIOHe- nocrpoen nJIOXO 11na eJ'O conepacanne zryr yxoznm, 3Ha,{I1TeJIhHhle rro-rrpezcnexry 6y- CYMMhI. To )Ke H C JIIO,n;hMl1, OCHOBhI KOTOPhIX He 6hlJII1 B cnoe BpeMJI Ha,n;JIe)Karu;I1M06pa30M 3aJIO)KeHhI. Hecraorps v na TO QTO )J;oporOCTOH~I1I1 peMOHT MO)I{eT 6hITb np0113Be.n;eH 11B 60JIee n03,n;HI1e nepI10.n;hI )KI13H11, nepnoa 3aKJIa,n;KI1 .pYH.n;aMeHTa KoppeK:U;I1H Ha1160JIee .n;eucTBeHHa xorzta Y)Ke 3aKOHQeH. ,lJ,mI ~ 'roro ,{T06hI nOCTpOI1Th XOPOIIII111.n;OM,ero O,CHOBbIHf)KHO cnpOeKTI1pOBaTh3apaHee. , '3T11 OCHOBhI 3aKJIa.n;hIBaIOTCH BO BpeMJI 6epeMeHHoCT11I1 B TeQeHI1e nepasrx zmyx ner )KH3Hl1 pefiemca, 3TO ,
  • 8. 14 CblO iEPXAPDT KAK nlO50Bb CIl0PMVlPYETM03i PE5EHKA? 15 , • , nepnozt CTpOHTeJIhCTBa «COII;HaJIhHOfO M03ra», nepnozt, COBpeMeHHM xoraa .CPOPMHpyroTCH HH,lI;HBH,lI;yaJIhHhIH:3MOII;HOHaJIhHhIH: pecypcsr. B CTHJIh H 3MOII;HOHaJIhHhle H Ol1HIlIY npouecc . xy ITpocBe~eHHH, I 3TOH: KHHrH uecc ynpasnenas M03ra, B KOTOPOH: cpOpMHpyeTCH rrpo- xaHIf3Ma pearapoaanna cneztcrane U U JIllHeHHOCTb HMMyHHhIX U xoropsre H ,lI;eHCTBHH HeHpOTpaHCMHTTepOB, U npencxasyenocrs: H onpezienaercs rrpI1QHHOH, CTHMYJI onpezienaer peaKII;HIO. l.JYSCTBa . B TaKOH: caryanan . l1pOII;eCChI CTaHOBJIeHHH Me- na crpecc, K 3MOII;HHM. 3TOT • MOryT TOJIbKO BHe- , JIIO,lI;eH, a raroxe CTH 6ecrrOPMOK, peaKII;HH pars. OKa3hIBalOT K HHM TaK KaK nx CJIO)KHOnpezicxaaars C TPY,ll;OM MO)KHO rrpHMeHHTh HOBOpO)K,ZJ;eHHhIH: treJIOBeK TeXHOJIOfHQe- cxae ,lI;OCTH)KeHHH,KOTOPbIMH TaK ropmrrca HaYKa. <!>opMHpyeTCH )KH3Hh. 3TOT JIOrHQeCKH finarozrapa CTPOHHbIH nozrxozt rrpOTHBOH,lI;lleM rrpOTHB cyesepaoro 6bIJI XOpOllIHM Mllpa U B03,l1;eHCTBHIO pa3JIHtrHhIX COII;HaJIhHO H KYJIhTYPHO o6y- KOB. OCHOBHOH ,lI;BH)Ky~eH: CJIOBJIeHHhIX rrporpaMM HatrHHM B YCTaHOBOK, 3aKaHtrHBM H MexaHH3MaMH C <!>H3HOJIOrHqeCKHX rrOHCKa HIOIO B03,l1;eH- ,lI;JIHII;eJIOro cnexrpa rrprraoztar anoperccaa, pannero MOCTH paanoro crpaaax, B name • rryrexr ynysmeaaa U JIHtr- MbI MO)KeM C ,lI;OCTaTOtrHOll crenensro rpero lJ.TO MO)I(ET IIPE,lJ,llO)I(MTb HAYI(A? , )KH3H11. HaKOHeII;-TO ,lI;OCTllfJIa COCTO.lIHHH, xorzta 3MOII;1111MO)KHO H3MepHTb ,lI;JI.lI aBHcHMhIX, qTo6hI npeozronerr, 3 npeccarrrsr MH Hero apenena 3aBHcHMoCTb, aHTH,lI;e- 'rex, KTO B ,lI;el1peCCHH, H T. ,lI;. Ho zro rreztanHayqHOMY coo6~eCTBY nexero 6hmo rrpezt- JIO)KllTh B 06JIaCTH rrOHHMaHHH 3MOII;HOHaJIbHOH: )Kll3HH. H 110,ll;CQ11TaTh JIeHHOll CTel1eH11, paayxreerca. paapafioTa6JIeTKH YSJIeQeH11e 3MOII;HHM11 nono- TeXHOJIOr11QeCK11Ml1pOfpeCCOM He,ll;aBH11X,lI;eCHT11- JIeT11ll. HaYKa TaHhI JIeKapCTBa OT BCHKoro pozra 60JIe3HeH ysepen- KyIO 6a3y, MbI MO)KeM 06paT11Th BH11MaH11e 11 aa zrpyrne acnercrsr coofiutecrna, U 1160JIhIIIHHCTBO ,lI;O)K11BeT ,lI;OrrpeKJIOHHbIX JIeT. I1Me.lI 'ra- H ztenpeccna. YCHJIHHM rray-nror-o B 3TOM nanpas- BpeMH, rro Kpa11He11 xrepe B pa3BHTbIX ITo 11POHH11,mraennree Bnaroziap» MaTep11aJIbHbIX U U HOCTHble paccrponcraa nofieznrn. HOCTH YTBep)K,lI;aTh, trTO JIIO,lI;HMOfYT He 60.lIThC.lI ronoaa 3aBHCll- pozta, aHTHCOII;HaJIhHOe nonezteaae, csreprnoc'rs ,lI;aHHOCTb. pa3BHTHH, KOTO- 3a6oJIeBaHllH, crroco6 JIeH1111.Ho MhI BOCrrpHH11MaeM 3T11113MeHeH11.lIM11pa KaK K B03HHKHOBeHHIO TaKHX COCTOHHllH: KaK , rrCHXOCOMaTlltreCKHe 6bIJIO CTpeMJIeHHe HaHTll 1111306peTaTeJI113HaQHTeJIbHO npeycnenn paccsrarpunarorca onpeztenenasre TeH,lI;eHII;HH pa3BHTHH B nepnon CllJIOH:, ,lI;OMHH11pOBaBllIeH: YCJIOB11H:K113H11.I1 Heo6xo,ll;11MO OTMeTHTl?, QTO ysemre ) COII;HaJIhHhIX.H 3MOII;HOHaJIhHhIX CJIO)KHOCTeHB 6Y,ll;yrneM. 3TOH KHHrH nexe, Be- rOJIO,ll;, HeY,ll;OBJIeTBOp11TeJIhHhle YCJIOB11H)KH3H11 II paH- napsr. He,ll;OCTaTOqHOH ,lI;eJIHKaTHOCTH sroro B qaCTH II XVII Cpeznmx . 3MOU;HOHaJIhHhIMH O)KH,lI;aHHHMH CTBHH 3aKJIa,ll;hIBaIOTC5I npezmocsonor psre H H3Me- U B03,l1;eHCTBHe na ,lI;aJIhHeHllIYIO 3MOII;HOHaJIhHyro ITPH rrozr- U u MH ztpyrnx 6hma OCHOBaHa na orrpezrenermoxr 110,ll;XO,ll; npeznronaraer trYSCTBaMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C,lI;eHCTBHH- . CJIO)KHBllIMC.H B arro- U . TOH xacra napaznrrtaa, xozte K 3HaHHIO, KOTOPbIH: He rrpHMeHHM CPOpMHpoBaHHH COII;HaJIhHOrO M03ra, U TO ecrs sracrn naysnraa • B HeBpOJIOfll11 HOJIOfH11 TOMorpa<!>H11 '1103BOJII1JIll yqeHbIM xapry ,lI;O onpezteHOBbIe rex'COCTaBllTb U M03rOBOH aKTHBHOCTH B MOMeHTbI, xorzia , QeJIOBeK 11CrrhIThIBaeT 3MOII;F1ll, anepssre czienaa B03MO)KHbIM 110JIyQ11Tb cnoero pozia TeXH11QeCKHe 113MepeHI1.H, OTHOC.lIIu;11e- CH K 3MOII;llHM. Taxoro BpeMJI 06pa3yIOT • pozia llCCJIe,ll;OBaHI1.HB nacroamee OT,n;eJIhHOe)KllBOe rranpaanemre HaYKH, •
  • 9. KAK nlO50Bb <DOPMVlPYET 03r PE5EHKA? M 16 npezcraanenaoe JIe~y,Zlar Ma3HO, ~)K03e¢ TyroIIJ;HMH 3MOU;HH B 06pa30M MaHKJI Pa¢¢ Ilanxcenn, BaTT H ~)KaaK ~ aa aaysenne AHaJIOrHqHbIM Ilepr, TaKHMH HeBpOJIOraMH, KaK AHTOHHO ~a- 'raxne panrcax pa- HeBpOJIOrHHH. 6HOXHMHKll, KaK K3H,ll;aC H3 KOMHaThI oxasanacs COe,ll;HHeHIDI, BhI3hIBalOIIJ;He ~ B3pOCJIOro. 3Ta' HaCTOJIhKOTOqHOH B CBOHX ouemcax pozrarens- , B xaxecrae Illrepnosr, Hap5I,lI;Yco 3MOU;HH, . CTaJI Annaa xapry llH¢opMaU;1l1l1l3 rrOCJIe300-JIeTHe- qTO HCrrOJIh3yeTC5I EIIJ;e O,ll;HHMrrHOHepOM B 06JIaCTH H3yqeHHlI rrpOaHaJIH3HpOBaTh H coennmrrs TaKHM 06pa30M, rca-recraa 6a30BOH H,lI;O CHX rrop. 3arrYCK 3MOU;HOHaJIhHbIX peaKU;HH, a TaIOKe COCTaBHJIH HX penerrropos. MeTO,ll;HKa ~ OTHOIlIeHHH «pe6eHOK II 3,l1;BJIaJIOK, OTHOCHTeJI.hHO neaasno BhI,lI;eJIHJIH 6HOXHMHqeCKHe . He3HaKOMoro paann-nrsrx lliop, ~ KOTOPhIH CYMeJI orpomroe KOJIllqeCTBO ,lI;IlCU;HfIJIHH opopraapoaars II ~ ro OTTOp)KeHHlI ¢YH,ll;aMeHTaJIhHaJI HaYKa rrpHHIDIaCh sa ~ CHHTeTllqeCKHll ~ B3rJI5I,lI; a sonpoc n H3yqeHIl5I 3MOU;Hll, KO- Ero TOPbIH H CTaJIOCHOBOH,lI;JI5I ero KHHrll. 113yqeHHe 3MOU;HH. 17 patiora OTKPhI~ AHaJIOrHqHhle npoueccsr rrpOHCXOP;HJIH B rrCHXOJIOrHH H pa3BHTH5I, KOTOpa5I 06HOBHJIa, B TOM qHCJIe H TeXHOJIOrH- naer B03MO)KHOCTh rrOHHMaHHlI 3MOU;IlOHaJIhHOll )KH3HH B ee 6HOJIOrHqeCKOM H COU;HaJIhHOM acnexrax. • qeCKH, CBOH llHCTPYMeHTapl1H, ~ MaHHlI pannen 70-x rozton He06xop;HMhIH P;JI5IrrOHH- ,u· 3MOU;HOllaJIbHOH )KH3Hll. B caMOM na-rane XX sexa Illrepa rrCHXHaTp ~aHHeJIb CJIep;OBaThMHp MaTepH H petiemca naxan 3MOIJUU C rrOMOIIJ;hlOBHtJ;eo. OH ,> CHHMaJI na rcaxrepy nponecc B03BPAIlJEHME HC~ ~ Canoe B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBHlI MaTepeH H rropasnrensnoe B 3TOH patiore TO, qTO B HeM MJIap;eHu;eB, a 3aTeM, xaap aa Kap;pOM , aHaJIH3HpOBaJI ero, HaqHHalOT COe,ll;HHHThcHP;HCU;HfIJIHHhI, xoropsre zto roro BhICTpaHBaJI 60JIee rrOJIHOe, qeM 6hmo zrocrynno CTapaJIHCh ,lI;ep)KaThC5Izrpyr OT ztpyra rrOHHMaHHe pannero npexczte, pa3BHTHH. OCHOBaHHeM P;JIHero pa- 60ThI CTaJI «CKeJIeT» TaK Ha3hIBaeMOM reopnn rrpHBH3aH- HOCTH, snepasre 03ByqeHHoM nCHXOaHaJIHTHKOM ~)KOHOM Boy.JI6H 11 rrCHXOJIOrOM M3PH CTaJIH rrHOI-IepaMH B nsre HM nay-msie AMHCBOPT B 1960-x. rrorrsrrrcax pa3pa60TKH OHH 06'hep;HHHTh COBpeMeHC nCHXOaHaJIHTllqeCKHM KHYJIaCh C 3THM 6yp;yqH nozrpocrxoxr, 3aHHMaThC5I eM, HO see mrrapnsre . BhI6paTh CTaJIa oznronpenemro xorzta MHe XOTeJIOCh H eCTeCTBeHHo-HayqHhle P;HCU;HllJIHHhI,HY)KHO . qTO-TO Op;HO. 5I BhI6paJIa JIHTepaTYPY' a rrOTOM . ncaxorepaneeron, HO. 3Ta He06xop;HMOCTh BhI6H- 6HOJIOrHqeCKOM I{OHTeKCTe. M3PH AHHCBOPT caMOCTOH-' Ka)Kp;OMP;HCU;HfIJIHHhI.3Ta neztasno TeJIhHO paspafiorana HOCTh coep;HHeHH5I pa3JIHqHhIX naaaanayro H3MepHTh «TeCT "CTpaHHaJI crenem, CHzyaU;H5I"», rrp113BaHHyro . ~ 3MOU;HOHaJIhHOll . Me)K,lI;yrO,ll;OBaJIhIMll ,lI;eThMH H HX pO,ll;HTeJI5IMH(AMHCBOPT H zrpyrne, 1978). B xoae TeCTa pe6eHOK HeHap;OJIrO paa- CMyTHJIa MeH5I H KaK 6YP;TOYMeHhIlIHJIa 3HaqHMOCTh aztoxnyna rrpHB5I3aHHOCTH no 06peTeHHaJI B03MO)K- p;HCU;HnJIHH KaK HpOHHH cYP;h6hI, 'reneps HO, qTO qYBCTBa nepaa-nna nozrraepzcztaerca H nama paU;HOHaJIhHOCTh, CTOJIh BhICOKO u;eHHMa5I HaYKOH, OCHOBaHa na 3MOU;HHX H H3yqaeTC5I peaKU;HH pefienxa rrpH3HaeTC5I, qTO npouecc B03BpaIIJ;eHHe, a TaIOKe na II05IBJIeHHe H nays- ~ H CYIIJ;eCTBOBaTh 6e3 HHX He MO)KeT. cnezyromee 6YP;TO HOBYlO )KH3Hh B Ka)Kp;yro H3 HHX. JIyqaeTC5I COCBOHMpO,ll;HTeJIeMB onpeaeneaasrx YCJIOBH5IX na YXO,ll; Op;HTeJIH,ero nop CTOJI- . MHe rOBOpHJIH, qTO HeJIh35I CMeIlIHBaTh ryraa- pars npoueztypy, 5I II JIHTepaTYPOH, H 6HOJIOrH- MhIIlIJIeHHeM, qTo6hI rrOH5ITh 3MOU;HOHaJIhHyro )KH3Hh B ee arccnepmrerrransrryto rroaansme. . yxoz; • . Bee qaln;e H xame u n03HaHH5I 3aBHCHT OT 3MOU;l1H,
  • 10. CbKl iEPXAPI.1T 18 19 KAt<.nlO50Bb (JJOPMI!1PYET M03i PE5EHKA? H .n;aMa3Ho ,n;OKa3aJI3TO. KaK OH rrOKa3aJI, pall,HOHaJIbHa5I BO MHorHe qaCTb naurero YCOBepIIIeHCTBOBaHH5IMH, rrOHBHBIIIHMHC5I B BeK MaIIIHH, M03ra He MO)KeT pariorars H30JIHpOBaHHO, . a JIHIIIb o,n;HOBpeMeHHO C qaCT5IMH, OTBeTCTBeHHbIMH aa 6a30ByIO peryJI5Ill,HIO Ilpnpozta qTO M ssrpaacenae «Iloxoace, sa parra- 3MOll,HM: BbICTpOMJIa CHCTeMY, orseaarouiyio OHaJIbHOCTb, He CTOJIbKO Ha,n; CHCTeMOM 6HOJIOrMqeCKOM perYJI5Ill,HH, CKOJIbKO M3 nee 128). H C HeM» (Zlaraasno, 1994: He3aBMCHMO HbIX HHCTHHKTMBHbIX pearonni. nponeccsr nepepaoarsmaror rrpencrannerraa aercax. Ho 3Moll,HOHaJIbHyIO )KH3Hb HeB03- MO)KHO «rrOqHHHTb» rr03ToMY C rrOMOIll,blO TeXHOJIOrHM, HMeHHO aaecs M rr05IBMJIaCb JIMHH5I paaaena 3MOll,MH rrepeMeCTHJIHCb B 06JIaCTb xy,n;O)KeCTBeHHoH JIHTepaTyp~I, a He HaYKH, HMelOIll,eH ,n;eJIO ¢aKTaMH. C . .B HeKOTopOH crertenn 3MOll,HH TaK)Ke CTaJIH npenar- CTBHeM B HapaIll,HBaHHM MOIll,H rrpOH3Bo,n;CTBa, xoropoe nponeccsr 3MOll,HOHaJIbHble, OKa3aJIO 'raxoe HO cyme- KorHHTHBHble MaTepHaJIbHbIX KOHCTpYHPyeT 0 BHYTpeHHHX ¢H3HqeCKHX XVIII H rrpHMHTMB- OT 60JIee CTBOBaTb OT,n;eJIbHO HMX He MorYT. M03r OT XVII qeJIOBeqeCKOH )KM3HH C TeXHMqeCKHMH He MorYT BbICIIIHe OT,n;eJIbIKOPbI rOJIOBHOrO M03ra ¢YHKll,HOHMpOBaTb B c¢epbI COCT05IHH5IX, CYIll,eCTBeHHoe BJIH5IHHe na H3MeHeHHe • Bea CTpaHax. YCJIOBHH )KH3HH COMHeHH5I, HH,n;YCTpHaJIH3all,H5I OKa3aJIaCb KpaHHe ycrteumoii B 06JIaCTH ,n;OCTH)KeHH5I tocene nesez CB5I3bIBaeT HX C,n;pyrHMM, YEe HMelOIll,HMHCH npeztcrasne- ,n;OMoro ypOBHH KOM¢opTa, HMHMH, a 3aTeM rrOCbIJIaeT CHrHaJIbI TeJIY B nponecce pa3BMTM5I c¢epbI rro- B. MH,n;YCTpHaJIbHbIX rpaMOTHOCTM, pa3BJIeqeHH5I ,n;OJIrOJIeTH5I, H MaCCOBhIX KOMMYHH- CTOHHHOHBHYTpeHHeM 06paTHOH CBH3H, 3arrYCKa5I TaKHM Kall,HH. Ho qeJIOBeqeCKHe qYBCTBa OKa3aJIHCh aa 60PTOM 06pa30M aroro 3TM HOBbIe ¢H3HqeCKMe OIll,yIIJ,eHMH, H TaK ztanee. BbIBO,n;bI, 6e3YCJIOBHO, IIIOKHPOBaJIH CO¢OB M ysensrx 3rrOXH llpOCBeIll,eHM5I, YTBep,n;HTb MOIll,b pall,HOHaJIbHOrO ce65I rrOJIHOe orpnuanne H HeHYEHoro. 6bI qbH· naxana norrsrrxn BKJIlOqaJIH B 3MOll,HH KaK xero-ro Orpnnaane qY)K,n;oro 3TO, 6e3YCJIOBHO, 3BaHO He OTCYTCTBMeM aarepeca, a cxopee ¢MJIO- 6bmo BbI- OTCYTCTBH- eM B03MO)KHOCTH rrOHMMaHMH 3MOll,HOHaJIbHOH c¢epbI paxrxax Bo,n;5I roro, MX rro pa3HbIM HaH60JIee cephe3HbIH 6hIJI nanecen caMhIM 6ec- rrOMOIll,HhIM, HO 3TH H3MeHeHH5I 6e3YCJIOBHO 3aTpOHYJIH 3MOll,HOHaJIhHYIO )KH3Hh acex CJIOeBHaCeJIeHMH, KaK MY)KqHH, TaK H )KeHIll,HH. TaK, CTpeMJIeiIHe MaKCHMH3HpOBaTh npOH3Bo,n;HTeJIhHOCTh npHBeJIO K TOMY, qTO ananensusr ¢a6pHK OTHOCMJIHChK CBOHM pa60qMM KaK K npnnarxai« MaIIIMH, a He KaK K JIIO,n;5IM, MelOIll,HM qYBCTBa. qacaMM M ,n;JI5I a3,n;eJIeHM5Ipaayua H TeJIa. Pa3p HMeJIH B03MO)KHOCTH naace 06MOJIBMThC5I CJIOBOM zrpyr' TeppHTOpH5IM, qTO MorYIll,eCTBeHHble yaensre peJIHrH03Hble ,n;06HBaJIHCb C zrpyror«. BJIaCTH crro- CTeH Y)Ke He BCTpeTHTh, HO MhI eme He TaK ,n;aJIeKOYIIIJIH KOHHO OTHOCHJIHCb K BCKPbITHIO rezr C HayqHoH nem.io, B HaIIIe BH5I pamrero C TpeThero Kenztac Ilepr Ha3BaJIa «pa3,n;eJIOM repparopna Ilanoii- (Ilepr, 1998: 18). Zlecaxpannaarma TeJIa CbI-. pOJIb I1 ,lI;JI5I Me,n;Hll,HHhI, H ,n;JI5I eJIHrHH. p BpeM5I, 6e3YCJIOBHO, TaI{HX KpaMHO- OT HHX, KaK HaM XOTeJIOCh6bI sepnrt.. Toro, .qTO orposmyro ymepf KarrHTaJIM3Ma. CT05I PH,n;OMCO CBOHMH TKall,KMMH CTaHKaMH, JIIO,n;HHe v rpana rrpOHHKHOBeHH5I nparna- HaYKH. CYIll,eCTBOBaJIH TaK)Ke H BrrOJIHe THqeCKHe rrpHqHHbI B 6eCKOHeqHOrO .pyesiue KarrHTaJIH3Ma MHpa, na nOTorOHHhle 6bmM nepeneceasr rzre rrpOH3Bo,n;5ITC5ITOBaphI, Banan, yCJIO- B CTpaHhI ascnopra- B TO BpeM5I KaK B pa3BHThIX crpanax 3Ta cztenxa rr03BOJIMJIa IIOHBHTbC5I 60JIee pall,HOHaJIbHOH, 60JIhIIIHHCTBY JIIO,n;eH TaK)Ke COBeTyIOT He ycep,n;CTBOBaTh cB060,n;OMbICJI5IIll,eH xynsrype. B Bhlpa)KeHHH B pe3YJIbTaTe aroro naxra HaYKa H TeXHOJIOrH5I rrOJIyqMJIH B03MO)KHOCTb BopBaTbC5I ,n;H5I, CBOMX 3MOll,MH B XOTh OHH H He pa60TalOT re-renne 60JIhIIIeH na ¢a6pHKax. qaCTH .
  • 11. , 20 KAK nKl50Bb CbKliEPXAP~T CDOP V1PYET M M03i PE5EHKA? 21 , XX K nasany nexa 3MrMYH,n; <I>peM,n;rrOH5IJI , qTO MhI rrJlaTMM CJlMIIlKOM 60JlhIIlYIO ueny CJle,n;OBaJIO peKJIaMHhIX C006IIJ;eHMM, MO}KHO 6hmo, HOC5I M3 rrpaBMJlhHYIO o,n;e}K,n;y MJIM ynpaanaa aa 3TY HOBYIO «U;MBH- rrpaBMJlhHhIM aBT .O- , JlM3aU;MIO», yrneraa MHOrMe . M3 HaIIlMX HaM60Jlee HhIX 3MOU;MM. TeM He MeHee . OH CqMTaJl, KaK CMJlh- Mo6MJ1eM, rroTpe6J15I5I rrpaBMJlhHYIO ezry MJIM noxynaa npa- . BMJlhHYIO Me6eJIh. OqeBM,n;HO , qTO JlIO,n;M, TpaT5IIIJ;He ztem- .M 60Jlh- ~ IIl11HCTBO JlIO,n;e11 roro CT011T nnarrrrs, HaMT11 crroco6 ra na ynoanernopenae BpeMeH11, qTO 3Ty BhICOKYIO ueny 11 HarrpaB11J1 CB011 YC11J1115I TO, na ynpaanart, -rrofisr co6CTBeHHhIX }KeJlaHMM, ,n;OJl)KHhI . He CJIMIIlKOM CMJlhHO 3TM }KeJlaHM5I KOHTPOJlMpOBaTh. MOIIJ;HhIM11 3MOU;115IM11 KaK11M- OrpaHMqeHM5I ceKCYaJIhHOrO rrOBe,n;eHM5I nocreneano ~ TO paU;110HaJlhHhIM 06pa30M. OH XOTeJl npeztocraarrn, CHM}KaJlMCh. <I>opMaJlhHOe noaezteane nazt qYSCTBaMM see 60JIhIIle JlIO,n;5IMKaKYIO-TO aJlhTepHaT11BY BMeCTO rrO JlHOrO yrneTeH115I 3arrpeIIJ;eHHhIX U;11M.Ero «nenemre cexcyansnsrx 6ece,n;OM» npeztnarano 60Jlee TOHK11M rOBap11BaH11e C nensro rrC11XOaHaJI11T11KM paCCq11ThIBaJl11, qTO raxoe 3BOJl11T1136aB11Th naunerrra OT «HeBp03a» CTaJI11 C 60JlhIIleM MCKJlIOqMTh 3MOU;MM M3 paCCMOTpeHM5I, onepnpya KO BpeMeHM, xorzta . 3apa}KeHM5I, ztorcropa ryr BOIIlJl11 B MO,n; y, 11 JlIO,n;11 OXOTOM ,n;eJI11ThCHCB011M11 ceKCYaJIhMaCCOBoro xoropsre CMO- 6hICTPO M36aBMTh qeJJOBeKa ' OT C11MrrTOMOBKaKOM-TO 60Jle3H11, He CTpeM5ICh IIp11 3TOM rrOH5ITh , KaK paooraer . C rr05IBJleH11eM HOBhIX cnocofios M <!>apMau;eBTMqeCKMe KOMrraHMM zto CMX rrop HaCTaMBaIOT na rrOMCKe cpeztcra, TaK11e rrC11- HhIM11 rrepe)K11BaHM5IMM, 11 3KOHOM11Ka crana TaKMMM rrOH5ITM5IMM, KaK CMCTeMa KPOBOo6paIIJ;eHM5I MJIM npouecc . XOaHaJl11T11QeCK11enponenypsr • no- 11crpannoro, 11CTep11qHOrO rrOBe,n;eH115I. KaK 6hI TO H11 6hmo, rrpe}KHMM. COBpeMeHHa5I Me,n;MU;MHa,n;oCMX rrop CTapaeTC5I PaHH11e ne-temre qYSCTB. MO}KeT rrOKa3aThC5I, qTO paspsrs Me}K,ll;y «pa3yMOM» M «TeJlOM» B HaYKe OCTaBaJlC5I 11Xrrp113HaH11e 11npo- CH11311Th Harrp5I)KeH11e. 3aMeH5IJIMCh paCTyIIJ;MM npn- qYSCTBa 3aHOBO BCTpaMBaJlMCh B KYJlhTYPy. TeM He xreaee ~ 11pa3yMHhI11 noztxozt K 3MOU;115IM cexcyansnsrx 3HaHMeM 11arpeCC11BHhIX 3MO- M CTporMM KOHTPOJlh ~ MeHHThC5I. qeJlOBeqeCK1111 OpraH113M B uenoxr. rrp0113BO,n;- nonsre phIHK11 OXOTHO rroTpe6J1HIOIIJ;11X nossre TOBaphI. CTBa CTaJlO Heo6xo,n;11MO TaK}Ke C03,n;aBaTh . 11 noxynareneii, PaBHOBeC11e CMeCT11J10Ch rrp01130IIleJl nepexozt ro KOHTpOJl11pyeMoM pafioxen cocpezioro-rensr OT CTpO- BOpeH11e. B TO »ce BpeMH na caMOKOHTpOJle 11c6epe)KeH11HX BO 11M5I rcoroporo Ilponecc rrpo,n;B11)KeH11H HOBhIX npozryxron CYIIJ;HOCT11 1MOIIJ;11 1 noncoanarensmrx . , ~ HOBhI11 nonxozi napazraraa Orr11ChIBaJlaCh TaK11M11 CJlOBaM11, KaK «3KOJlOr11qeCKaH», «C11CTeMHa5I», «o6IIJ;a5I», «K116epHeT11QeCKaH» 11 «sceofrs- qep- seaae- eMJlIOIIJ;aH». OHa ysce xoe-rzte . ,n;11CU;11rrJl11HaX, noxa HO 060CHOBaJIaCh erne He crana , B pa3HhIX ,n;OM11H11pyIOru;11M ~ QYBCTB 11}KeJlaH1111 . .B QaCTHOCT11,peKJIaMIIJ;11K11anrrenaposana He TOJlhKO He- K ceKCYaJIbHhIM rroTpe6HOCTHM, HO TaK}Ke 11 K }KeJlaH11IO 6hITh JlI0611MhIM , HOBa5I rrapanarsia , 6hIJI rOTOB BOT-BOT rr05IB11ThCH na CBeT . 3Ta ,n;OJl)KHO 6hmo HaMT11yzronner- nan B,n;OXHOBeH11e rrC11XOaHaJI11T11qeCK11X1,n;e5IX B 1 0 rrocpeztcrnermo , CMJlhI , qh11 u;eHHOCT116hm11 6y,n;ym;ero, K 06IIJ;eCTBY MaCCOBoro rroTpe6J1eH11H , JlI06be )KeJlaH11e xnenos HOBA)f IIAPA,ll,MfMA BhI3hIBaTh BOCX11IIJ;eH11e 11 rrp11HHT11e ,n;pyr11M11 JlIO,n;hM11.,n:bCT11Qhxce aroro, KaK B3rJlH,n;OM na M11p. Bo MHO rOM 611TBa aa YCTaHOBJleH11e raxoro C11CTeMHOro nozxozia 6hI Jla Cpa}KeH11eM Me}K,n;y . «HOBOM HaYKOM» 11«CTapOM HaYKoM». I1CtOK11 3TOM 60ph6hI nexcar B rex }Ke 20 30-x rozrax XX sexa, xorzra na- .
  • 12. • . CbK) iEPXAP):jT 22 KAK nK)50Bb (])OPMV1PYET M03i rrpouecc qaJICJI CH11)KeHllJl KOHTPOJIJI Ha,ZJ;qYBCTBaMll. B 31'0 )Ke BpeMJI np01130IlIJI11 1'1151B <p11311Ke, xoropsre B3rJIJI,ZJ; npouecc na He nOlliaTHYJI11 qeJIOBeqeCKOrO 06J13aTenhHO · YCTaHOBllBIIIllMCJI BOCnpllJlT11J1. KBaHTO- YTBep)K,ZJ;aJIa, qTO cynraocrs J1BJIJleTCJI cTa611JIbHOM KaK MbI ee BOCnp11H11MaeM, HO cxopee nexoe OTKPbI- 11 CTaT11qHOM, On11CbIBaeTCJI KaK u B YKa3aHHbIH nepHO,ZJ;BpeMeHH. 3HHIIITeHHa BbIBO,ZJ;bIH3MeHHJIH cpe,ZJ;CTB BOCnpHJlTllJI. MHp <PYHKu;11J1 namero Bpaiian 3nnJIaHp,ZJ; TeopHJI nOKa3bIBaJIa, npnnrrrsre B03MO)KHOCTH CaHllJI pa60ThI ysensre qeJIOBeqeCKOrO OTKphIJIH, qTO CHCTeMbI OCTaIOTCJI cTa6HJIhHhIMH , 31'0 qT06bI csrorpers na C11CTeMYB u;eJIOM, CBJl311B HeH 6y,ZJ;YT He JI11- HeHHbIMll, a KOJIhu;eBbIM11. BMeCTO Toro qT06bI pa3,ZJ;eJIJlTb CHCTeMY na OT,ZJ;eJIbHbIe<pparMeHTbI H11pOBaHl1e 3THX <pparMeHTOB craporo ofipasna, ztorrytneHe MOrJIH Hexoropsre ysensre, HaqaJI11 YTBep)K,ZJ;aTb, qTO acnapnnacs». Pe- ce6J1 O,ZJ;11H qeJIOBeK, <PYHKU;110- no OT,ZJ;eJIhHOCTH, eooxon BJIHJleT na TO, KaK Be,ZJ;eT,ZJ;pyrOH, a 3aTeM rrOBe,ZJ;eH11e roro a OKa3bIBaeT BJI11J1H11e a n 11 TaK ,ZJ;aJIee. Ilpromaa nepnoro zrpyroro 11 rrOCJIe,ZJ;CTBllJI aBllCJlT 3 01' TOqK11 spenaa, B neno-ncy, 01' roro, 01' roro, cTBeHHoH B 3aBHCHMOCTH 01' MbI On11CbIBaeM peaJIbHOCTb , B ormcaane u C11TyaU;H11, B KOTOP011 3Ta cymecrsyer, TaKHM 06pa30M, BllC11MOCT11 X J1BJIJleTCJInpHq11HOH Y peaJIhHOCTb JI11HeMHble 3aHe MorYT 6bITb npaaasr, TaKoH rzte Ha6JIIO,ZJ;aTeJIhBKJIIOqHJICJI HaCKOJIhKO MHoro MO)KeT 6bITb H BOJIHOM, H qaCTHu;eH, BO BHHMaHHe. HJIH MaJIO HH<p0P- He cytnecrsyer e,ZJ;HH- l:fCTHH MO)Ker 6hITh HeCKOJIhKO . • cHcTeMHhIH rrozrxozt rrpomnc paansre B ,ZJ;HCU;H• IIJIHHhI. B 6110JIOrl1H nOJlB11JIHCb 3KOJIOr11J1 11 3TOJIOr11J1. . B nCHXOJIOr1111 rrOJlB11JICJI ,lJ;)KOH .60YJI6H, Ka3aJI: ,ZJ;JIJI roro qT06hI rronaraars KOTOPbIH no- JIIO,ZJ;eH ,He06xo,ZJ;11MO u nOJIHOCTbIO 11CTHHHbIMH. nOH11MaTb BMeCTO TaKOH «JI11HeHHOH» HayKH CTaJIa 3apO)K,ZJ;aTh- napaaaraa, H naysars ,ZJ;llMOrrOHJITh, qTO KaE,ZJ;aJI113CHCTeM CBJl3aHa C ,ZJ;pyrllMH MaU;1111 npHHHMaeTCJI CJI HOBaJI qTO, eCJI11 no- 11 OHH HaXOMTCJI BO B3a11MHOM BJI11J1HH11. o, KaK Be,ZJ;eT T CYIu;eCTBOBaHHe. ,lJ;aEe xorzta KaKHe ,ZJ;eHCTBllJl 6bIJI11 a KaK11e HeT. 31'0 oauanaer, aJIbHOCTh 3aBHC11T 01' n0311U;11H Ha6JIIO,ZJ;aTeJIJI.3JIeKTpOH MbI BOBJIeqeHbI nO,ZJ;pa3YMeBaIOIu;aH 60JIee CJIO)KHOe cpezry, B KOTOP011 OHH HaXOMTCJI, TaK )Ke KaK H ca,ZJ;oBH11K-CeJIeKU;110Hep ,ZJ;OJI)KeH 113yqH1'h COCTaB rroassr H oc06eHHocTH KJI11MaTa. B rrOCJIe,ZJ;HHe,ZJ;eCJlT11- · u B3a11Mo,ZJ;e11CTB11e; B03HllKaTh H B HH<popMaTllKe. ot03HaJI BaEHOCTb . TOJIhKO nOCTOJlHHO a,ZJ;anT11pYJICb 113MeHJIIOIu;11MCJIyCJIOK ycneIlIHbIM11, qeJIO- KaK Bblpa3HJI «KOHu;enU;11J1 06beKT11BHOH peaJIbHOCT11 TOqKH spenna. oprannaaa. I1OH, H ztpyrne nonars, «Ha6JIIO,ZJ;aeMbIM HaMH paauepa», Bepnep Xaiiaendepr, TaK11e KaK qeJIOBeqeCKHX CHCTeM, TaK11X KaK CeMhJl, H ,ZJ;aEe,ZJ;JIJI onn- CBJl311, ,ZJ;JIJI roro (1992). B HaYKe npO,ZJ;OJI)K11Th csoe <PYHKU;110H11pOBaHllJI 01'- B CKJIa,ZJ;K11. TaKHe OqeB11,ZJ;Ho,.qTO co CHJlT11eM OrpaHHqeHHH HHJI, 11CnOJIh30BaJI ee ,ZJ;JIJI 6bJlCHeHllJI 0 .6eHTcoH OH1131'0 nocpe,ZJ;CTBOM 06paTHOH H BpeMJI J1BJIJlIOTCJIKOHT11HYYMOM, KOTO- PbIH MO)KeT 113r116aTbCJI 11c06HpaTbCJI BeqeCKHX aHTpOnOJIOr I'peropn . HOCHTeJIbHOCTH AJIh6epTa paznrxansnne HHe. TaK, 3aMeqaTeJIhHhIH 60JIee I1I11pOKOe nproaeae- qTO u npOCTpaHCTBO scxope naruna B11J1M.I1 ocymecTBJIJlIOT B3a11MOOTHOIlIeH11e, ,ZJ;e11CTBYIOIu;ee onpeztenenB HOM pHTMe OHa 23 . Maxca Ilnanxa . BaH reopns peBOJIIOU;110HHble armaparos, PE5EH KA? MaTeMaTHK ofiparnoir OHa naxana P06epT 113HaqaJIhHO Beiinep .n:eTHJI nonxozt, erne B 60JIhIlIeM u nepBbIM CBH311,ZJ;JIJI rro,ZJ;,ZJ;ep)KK11 ue- na B3aHMO,ZJ;eHCTBHe, CTaJI ztpyr TepaneBT paapaoorana BJIHJlH11e, J1BJIJlIOTCJICHCTeMOH, rzte 06e ,ZJ;B11raTeJIeif 11 JIeTaTeJIhHbIX OKa3hIBaIOT norrYJIJIpHOCTb np113HaeTCJI, qTO rrC11XO .- JIOCTHOCT11C11CTeM. HeCMOTpJl aa TO qTO ero TeOpllJl 6hIJIa . ,ZJ;JIJI paKeTHhIX orr11paIOIu;11HCJI aasoeasraars B rrC11XOaHaJI113e. B ero paxncax . 11nannenr crenenn na ztpyra B3a11MHOe qaCT11 B3a11MO- •
  • 13. • • 24 CblO iEPXAPDT ~ ,n;ellCTBYlOTztpyr C ztpyrora, a He TOJIhKOTeparreBT BJI1l51eT na nannerrra. renztenmra neztymyro napazraray TeM He MeHee 3Tll He nOJIHOCThlOn06e,n;llJIll eure noxa l!ACTbI OCHOBbI: MM JIllHeMHO- ro pa:O;1l0HaJIl13Ma. MOM nozrxoa xaayaeamo JI51eTC51 llCTeMHhIM. C R 3Mo:O;1l0HaJIhHOM)l{1l3Hll c-nrraro, qTO xenoaeaecxae 51B- EH bI Ji1Ji1XM03f cyme- . CTBa, JIlO,n;ll, 51BJI511OTC5I OTKphIThIMll CllCTeMaMll, psre rrponarcaror pacrenna, B K .OTO- B03BPAIlJA5ICb I( OCHOBAM ztpyrne JIlO,n;ll, TaK )l{e KaK noszryx, sozta, Ha Hallie <pOpMllpOBaHlle . OKa3hIBalOT BJI1l51- ~ nae zrpyrne JIlO,n;ll B TOll )Ke crenenn, qTO II aoaayx, KO- CTOJIe,II o,n;e)l{,n;a na Tuzp 6yGb mo CQMKa WiU cQMel.{ ocrnuerncx TUZPOM, v He3aBUCUMO om mozo, naxooumcsi Jl.U B csoeu ecmeOH cmBeHHOU GUKOU cpeoe B OGUHO"IJ.eCmBe WlU cpeini mblC.fl"IJ. eMY nOG06HbLX. Ho cymb "lJ.eJl.OBeKa onpeoensiemcsi ezo coc~ecmBOBaHueM C GPYZUMU Jl.IOGbMU; ezo cnocotinocmu He Mozym tiumi. pa3Bumbl UM B OGUHO"IJ.KY CQMocmo.flU meJl.bHO. TaKUM 06pa30M "lJ.eJl.OBe"IJ.eCKa.R , pa ca He mOJl.bKO B MemaifJopU"lJ.eCKOM CMblCJle, HO U B peanunocmu npuiinu JlCaemCH K mOMY, "lJ.mo cmaHOBumCH eGUHbLM 4eJZbLM. nazt rOJIOBOll, II Harne KYJIhTYPHoe C. T. KOJIepI1,ll;)K, "ITI1CbMa», 1806 • TOphIM MhI ,n;hIllIllM, II mnna, KOTOPYIOMhI e,n;llM. :vI rraum • <p1l31l0JIOrllqeCKlle II ,n;YXOBHhleCllCTeMhI pa3BllBalOTC51 BO B3allMo,n;eMCTBllll C ,n;pyrllMll JIlO,n;hMll TeHCllBHO 3TOT npouecc llMeHHO B 3TOT 60JIhllIllM nponcxoznrr rrepnozt a Ha1l60JIee llHBO MJIa,n;eHQeCTBe, . ~ B3allMo,n;el1CTBlle BHOCllT Hall- BKJla,n;.MhI )l{llBeM B CO:O;l1aJIhHOM MHpe, B KO- . TOPOM MhI 3aBllCllM OT CJIO)KHhIXnerroxex B3allMo,n;eMCTBl15I.:vI rrmna na nanretr nanrera TeJIe, II xpsnua CO:O;llaJIhHOrO ~ • oxpyacenae MhI nee aanacar -ae MO)l{eM BhI)l{llTh OT 3TllX CJIO)KHhIXnenosrex. O,n;Ha)l{,n;hI eMHoM 31lMHeM HOQhlO MeH51pa36y,n;I1JI'reT B O,n;llHOQKY. 130JIee TOI'O, MJIa,n;eHe:o; Ha1l60JIee nonsepzceaaoe CO:O;llaJIhHOMYBJIl15IHlllO cymecrao na nxanere. B JIe¢OHHhIM 3BOHOK, KOTOPhIMCllrHaJI1l31lpOBaJI 0 TOM, qTO nananacs 3TOM ,n;OMallIHlle PO,n;hI ,xoropue 51cofiapanacs xasrepy, R BJI1l51Hllll MO)KHO HaMTll KJIlOQ K TOMY, QTO C060M npen- qaTJIeTh na CTaBJI5110T ero 3MO:O;lll1II KaK llMll ynpaBJI51Th. 3TO 03Ha- HO 6JI1l3KO ee He 3HaJIa. QaeT, QTO nanr MJIa,n;eHqeCKI1M 60JIhllIee BJI1l51Hllena TO, KaKllMll • onsrr OKa3hIBaeT Ky,n;a ztenarr. C 3TllMll sarr, c06CTBeHHhIM xoropsre onsrr TeJIhHhIM 060py,n;OBaHlleM. xpoaarn II yqllMC51 TOMY, qTO qYBCTBaMll, HaqllHaeM nare, CllCTeMaT1l31lpO- II Bhlpa6aThIBaTh npafisina Mars C MaTepblO pansnre, B ee ,n;OM n, no,n;H51Bnenana B KOMHaTY na BepXHeM 3Ta)Ke ,n;OMa,narpyacenaaa B3POCJIhIMll MhI CTaHO- arrepssre R nracs na 'rpn JIeCTHllQHbIX rrponera, BllMC51, QeM MhI CaMI1 06 3TOM ,n;YMaeM. :vIMeHHo BO MJIa,n;eHqeCTBe MhI QYBCTByeM scrpesanacs sane- 3BYKOBhIM II OCBeTll- II oren Cll,n;eJIll na xpaio B ,n;ocTaTOQHO nYCTOMII cJIa60 oCBeru;eI-IHOMKOM- na nOJIY KOTOPOM6bIJIll paCCTeJIeHhI raaersr. KOMHa- ra 6hIJIa HanOJIHeHa aTMoc¢epOM TllXOM npaKTllQHOCTI1, MeXaH1l3MhI, cocpe,n;OTOQeHHOCThlOna TeJIe MaTepll. 6y,n;YTBJIl15IThna Hallie ,n;aJIhHeMllIee rroaezreaae Axynrepxa nepe- Mern;aJIaCb no KOMHaTe, B TO BpeM51 KaK . 513aHHJIa O.n;llH II YMCTBeHHhle cnOC06HOCTll. ee yrOJI. C06hIT1l51 paaaopasaaanacs • • 6hICTPO, II ncxope •
  • 14. , . CblO iEPXAPD T 26 KAK nlO50Bb , MaTb cn aezra rra KOPTO'1Kax nazt raseraxra , My)K ee nozt- a H 3anHCbIBaJIa y,ll;HBHTeJIbJIYIO raMMY rrpo- H3BO,ll;HMbIX eto 3BYKO B, xoropsre CTaHOBHJIHCb see 60JIee HaCTOH'1HBbIMH H, HaKOHe:o;, neperu nn B rnyrioxoe PbI'1a- 27 MaMa rOBOpI1T , '1TO H 6bIJIa CJIO)KHbIMpe6eHKOM , KOTOPbIH u ztepxornan, <D OPMVlPYET M03i PE5EHKA? IIJIaKaJI OT KOJIHK Ka)K,ll;bIH . senep MeCR:o;eB,a XO(l.H·I'bH ronoptrrs aa rrpOT.H)KeHI1I1MHornx H Ha '1aJIa O'IeHb pano, nononsr ztana MHe TaKHM 06pa30M ,lI;JI.H ropnocrn OHa H,lI;JI.HOTu HHe, CHrHaJIH3HpYH 0 TOM , '1TO MJIa,ll;eHe:o;CKOPOnOHBHTCH TOp)KeHHR, paCCKa3bIBaR 0 TOM, '1TOHBJI.HeTCR '1aCTblO MoeH aa CBeT. MOH 3HaKOMaR-OnepaTOp co6CTBeHHOH I1CTOPHH )KH3HH. Ho ecru H ,ll;pyrn:e He CMOrJIa npnexars BOBpeMH, '1To6bI 3ane'1<;1,TJIeTbpoacztenae, H' ,lIyMaTb aafistna , nornomemraa rreHHOH Ba)KHOCTH. Korzta HO H 06 STOM C06bITHHMI1 nepaocre- petienox rrOKa3aJICR na CBeT, nsrrannrrs HapJ)KY nanm H CHOBaB HaIIIHX OTHOIIIeHHRX C 6JIH3KHMH JIlO,ll;bMH. cne:O;H<pH'1eCKHe H O'1apOBaHHbIe TaHHCTBOM )KH3HH nootime. IIIeHHH pO,ll;HTeJIbCKHH ,ll;OM H ' aaxarr, u co6CTBeHHYIO . B3pOCJIYIO . u )KH3Hb, '1aCTb TOH )KH3HH, 0 KOTOPOH rrl1IIIYT B HeKpOJIO- cnocotiu C ,lI;pyrHMH na npHJII1B nOCTpoeHHH JIlO,lI;bMH, cnocotisi 11 aaryxanne HHH 11 onpe,ll,eJIHeTCH . '1eTbIpe 6paKa 111111 ,ll;HH , ny6JIH'1HaR )KH3Hb I11IH O )KH3Hb 60JIee 3aKpbITaH , rparenna na )KH3HeHHOM nYTH, I1CTOPHRmoraaa JIH'1HOCTHB CO:O;HaJIbHOe ofintee. I{aMH OCTaeTC5ITO, '1TO C,ll;eJIaJIOroro periemca 3a cK06- S'fHM MO- H BHeIIIH ero He TOJIbKO nCHXOJIOrH'1eCKHMH, Mor:o;Hoe BJIHRHHe ztpyrnx SMO:O;HOHaJIbHOH )KH3HH , C03HaHHH, OHH ce65I apxeOJIOrOM HeBH,ll,HMaH HCTOPlIH JIH'1HOCTH, H TO)Ke qaCTO o'rzraro ce6e crvlor npOHBI1Tb CBOH reHeTH'1eCKl1e sananca .nOBepXHOCTblO , . TeMnepaMeHTa. CTPYKTypbI. ansnsre H . ,~ OT'1eT, qTO qaCTO CMOTPlO na mozten, rtre - cxpsrroro Ka)K,ll;OH JII1'1HOCTlI. KaK 11 <f>peH,lI; , KOTOPbIH Ha3 blBaJI JIKl,ll;eHna TO, B KaKOH CTeneHH HOBOpO)K,ll;eHHbIH pe6eHOK 11rrOTeH:O;HaJI OHH COCTaBJIH- u , JIO,ll;bIM'1eJIOBeKOM, H oco rienno B3aHMOOTHO- pearHpOBaHH5I HO H <pH3HOJIOrH'1eCKHMH IIIa6JI OHaMH. lOT CKeJIeT nauren <popMHpyeT SMO:O;lIOHaJIbHOrO aanpaace- u rax, onsrr B cyr:o;HOCTH, nanr caMbIH paHHHH HbI SMO:O;HHMH, 6JIarOrOBeH nepezt Ha'1aJIOM HOBOH )KH3HH J)K HaBepHHKa rOTOB rrOKHHYTb MJIa,n;eH'IeCKHe I1CTOPHI1 , nOTO- . ¥IX B ce6e 11npO)KHBaeM ¥IX CHOBa MY '1TO MbI sceraa necen y Hac nce x CTOHJIHCJIe3bI B rJIa3aX , MbI 6bIJII1 OIIIeJIOMJIe- TOT MJIa,ll;eHe:o;reneps cnocoriu CKaHHp YH CKPbI- Ho B OTJIHqHe OT <t>peH,lI;a,KOTOPbIH nozt BHAHT npHMHTI1 BHbIe arpeccnsaae nOTpe6HOCTI1, MOTHBbI , xoropsre ceKcyOH CqI1- u C rrp06JIeMOH STOM yposne raxoro pozta CJIO)KHO CrrpaBI1TbC5I na OrrHCaHHR . ,l1,a)KeB 6Horpa<pHRX MbI MO)KeM TaJI HeBH,ll;HMbIMI1 ,ll;BHraTeJIHMH qeJIOBeqeCKOH )KH3HH, H nnty HeBHAH'MbIe 06pa3:O;bI B3aMMOOTHOIIIeHHH, HaHTH HH<popMa:O;HlO0 TOM , 'ITO pe6eHOK PO,ll;I11ICH TaM-TO psre H roraa-ro 3TH 06pa3:O;bI onpezteneansna y TaKHX-TO pO,ll;HTeJIeH, )K113HbKOTOPbIX aa TOT MOMeHT paaaopaxnaanacs TaRHM-TO 06pa30M, HO nparc- THqeCKH HeB03MO:lKHO BOCC03,ll;aTb BClO ,ll,HHaMHKY B3aH, MooTHoIIIeHHH, u K OTOPaR ,CBH3bIBaJIa na TOT MOMeHT po- ,ll,HTeJIeH H pefiemca. nmcorzta TaKHM 06pa30M, HaM rrpaKTH'1eCKH He yztaerca Y3HaTb, qTO »ce HMeHHO npOHCXO,ll;H- KOTO- . BnJIeTalOTCR B HaIIIH TeJIa H M03r BO MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe. 06pa30M HaIIIY )KH3Hb. C06CTBeHHble panane HanpaBJIHlOT BClO B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHH <f>pei1Aa c MaTepblO C<pOpMI1pOBa JIHB HeM omymeaae CTBeHHOH oco6eHHOCTH, xoropoe noaznrae B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHR aa y6I1HCTBO conepamca OH rrepenec c06- H aa 60JIee BMeCTe C qYBCTBOM BHHbI csoero MJIa,ll;IIIero 6paTa, KOu JIO B nanrera MJIa,ll,eHqeCTBe, aaztanaa XOT5I rrexoropsre ceneiinsre , . nparaue sonpocsr, 6aHKI111: aHeK,lI;OTbI rrpOJIHBa- IOT na 3TH I1CTOPHH nexoropoe KOJIHqeCTBO CBeTa. MOH TOPOMY OH )KeJIaJI CMepTH. COnepHHqeCTBO IIIeM csrrpano orporanyro B zram.aea- pOJIb B rrpO<peCCHOHaJIbHOH :lKH3HH <f>peH,n;a. B03MO:lKHO, reopaa xaoca nOMO:lKeT '
  • 15. • • KAK ni050Bb CbiO r-EPXAPDT 28 CIlOPMV1PYET 03i M PE5EHKA? 29 • B 06bJICHeHI1H 3TOrO Moryrn;ecTBa Ona Hero ztercrna. MOM nanane o KOTOPOM llJIOXO 3a60TI1JIHCh BO MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe, ,ll;eMOH- CIOJKeTOB can oro pan- crpnpycr rJIaCI1T, qTO MaJIeHIllHe pa3JII1qHJI B ca- npouecca npasecra MOryr Ho 3TOT rrepaozi nanreii ·JKI13HI1 pannee MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBO HeBpOJIor: Zlar BaTT Ha3BaJI «HeBcnOMHHaeMbIM 11He3a6bIBaeMhIM » (2001: 18). qeM pe6e- HOK, 0 KOTOPOM 3a60TI1JIHCb ,ll;OJIJKHbIM 06pa30M, K 3Haq11TeJIbHbIM ~ 60JIee peaKTHBHbIH OTBeT na crpecc, . paCXOJK,ll;eHI1JIMB ,ll;aJIbHeHIlleM. KI1MHqeCKI1e peaKIJ;HH rarose ero 6HO- 6y,ll;yr OTJIHqHbIMI1. M03r · caM no ce6e HBJIJIeTCJI«COIJ;I1aJIbHbIM» opranosr, uaasman . KaK ero ITHTep <PoHarH, BbI,ll;alOIIJ;I1HCH yqeHbIH, KOTOPbIH panaeii Harne MbI He MOJKeM C03HaTeJIbHO BbI3BaTb BocrrOMHHaHI1JI 06 H:3yqaJI <pOpMHpoBaHHe rrpHBJI3aHHocTH. 3T11XC06hITHHX, HO H 3a6bITbIMH I1X Ha3BaTb HeJIb3JI, TaK C03HaHI1e B03HI1KaeT I1nanra 3MOIJ;I10HaJIbHaH c<pepa nOJIy~ KaK OHI1 acrpoensr B nanr oprannara 11<pOPMHP)'lOT nanm a He B I130JIHIJ;I1H. 3TO ·OJKH,ll;aH11JI nOBe,ll;eHHe. H B caMOM ztene qTO-TO cyntecrsyer xoropsre CYIIIeCTB)'lOT CHJIbI, -raer CBOIOopraHH3aIJ;I11O npn yxacran nozt rrOBepXHOCTblO, II06YiK,ll;aIOT Hac K qeMY-TO, HO OH11He COBceM re, 0 KOTOPbIX nHCaJI <PpeH,ll;.<Ppei1,ZJ; BHztezr 11XB rroTpe6HOCTJIX TeJIa, xoropsre JIOBeKa KaK 6HOJIOrHqeCKOrO cymecrna. cymecrsyror y -re- OH ,ll;YMaJI,qTO 3TH oana-raer, ztpyrnx C03HaHHH, casrsre HeBH,ll;I1- qTO 're peaKIJ;I1H xoropsre <pOpMHP)'lOT HaIllI1 3MOIJ;HOHaJIbHble ua npOTJIJKeHHH JKH3HH, HBJIHIOTCHHe CTOJIbKO HaIllHMH npHMHTHBHbIMI1 Mble CI1JIbI, 6I10JIOrl1qeCKHMI1 nOTpe6HO- CTJIMH, CKOJIbKO 06pa3IJ;aMI1 3MOIJ;HOHaJIbHOrO B3aHMOlI,eHCTBI1JI C ,ll;pyrI1MI1 JIIO,ll;bMI1, <P0PlVII1PYIOIIJ;HMI1CJI HaI1- rroTpe6HOCTI1 BXOMT B KOH<pJIHKTC COIJ;11aJIbHbIM11pasan 60JIee aKTI1BHO B nepaozi MJIa,ll;eHqeCl'Ba. 3TH 06pa3IJ;bI He JIaMH H ,ll;aBJIeHHeM IJ;HB11JI113aIJ;11H, xoropsre COCTaBJIJIIOT HeI13MeHHbI, HO, KaK I1 JIlO6ble ztpyrne ry YCTaHOBJIeHbI, xacrs «cynep-sro»; JIHqHOCTH, KOTOPYIOHa3BaJI nanpa- o-rens npnnsrrxn; 6Y,ll;yqH TPY,ll;HOnoaztarorca I13MeHeHI1IO. · JKeHHOCTb H KOH<pJI11KThI eJK,ll;y 3T11M11 M ,ll;BYMJIrrOJIIOCaM11 · MOJKeT rrpeO,ll;OJIeTb TOJIbKO CI1JIbHOe KOHTPOJIHp)'lOIIJ;ee «aro». 3TO rrpencraaneane HO H, Ka3aJIOCb 6bl, 6bmo HMeeT npaso Ho HeCMOTpJI na TO qTO raxoe • o-rcas 06bJICHeHHe COOTBeTCTBO- eM COIJ;HYMa. MeHhIlle 11. pa3YMeeTCH, IlleHHO rre ycrpanaaer ,lI;JIH roro qT06bI IIOHJITb YHI1KaJIbHble ,ll;JIH KaJK,n;oro qeJIOBeKa 06pa3IJ;bI pearI1pOBaHI1H, HaM HYJKHO aepnyrs- CHB canoe HaqaJIO, K OCHOBaM, 06paTHO K 6eCCJIOBeCHbIM • ~ CTeCHeHHOH ,ll;aBJIeH11- 3TO npezrcrasnenae MeHH casry - COBep- Mo _enpeacraanenae o TOM, KaK pa3BHBalOTCJI M03r 11TeJIO, rrpezmonaraer, <PpeH,ll;a, OHO He ,ll;JIJI IIOH11MaHHJI COBpeMeHHoH . 3MO- IJ;HOHaJIbHOCTI1, ropaazto )I(EHCI(OE ijAPCTBO na cyrnecrsoaamre. BaJIO I1H,ll;HBI1,n;yaJIbHOH I1CTOPHI1 casroro BnOJIHe noaxoznrr pacnpocrpane- qTO JII1qHOCTb ropaaao rrOCKOJIbKY OHO 60JIee aBTOHOMHO lI,HHM MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBa, xorzta ~ MaTepeI1, I1JIH ztaxce pam-me HaXO,ll;I1JIHCbB yrpo6e. Hac ,ll;epJKaJII1 pyxn KO BpeMeHI1, rcorzta MbI 3TO BpeMH oc06eHHO 3BaTb B nHMHTI1, He TOJIbKO OT roro, MbI He anazteexr pe-n.io, HaIllI1X rpyzmo BbI- qTO B MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe zta I1 C03HaTeJIhHaH naMHTh erne I1 caMOCTOHTeJIhHO. <popMI1pyeTcH, qeM 3TO yraepxeraer- He pa3BI1Ta, HO I1 nOTOMY, qTO 3TOT nepnoa CJI. 5I yrnepzcztaro, rca Tpa,ll;I1IJ;I10HHOnpOXO,ll;I1TBO B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHI1JIX MeJK- · I1 noszmee OnI1IIIY 3TO zteransno, qTO · MHOrI1e CTOPOHbI TeJIeCHbIX <PYHKIJ;I1H 3MOIJ;HOHaJIbHOI1 lI,y JKeHIIJ;HHOHH pe6eHKOM. JKH3HI1 petien- OH npOXO,ll;HT sa 3aKpbITbIMI1 ~ ro noaezrenas C<pOpMI1pOBaHbI B qeJIOBeKe B pe3YJIbTaTe COIII1aJIbHOrO B3aI1MO,ll;eHCTBHJI. K npnxrepy, pe6eHOK, lI,BepHMH, B,ll;aJII1 OT B3rJIH,ll;OB, na HeapTHKYJII1pyeMOI1 _
  • 16. • CblO iEPXAP)"1T 30 • Teppl1TOpHH KAK nlO50Bb CDOPMV1PYET 03r PE5EHKA? M peiienxa TeJI H qYBCTB, MOJIOKa, ra311KOB H rexynmx v MH rrpHJIHBaMH, cBepXCHJIbHbIMH u rrOJIHeHHbIH qYBcTBaMH, Hppal(HOHaJIbHbIMH, . 3aCTaBJI5IIDT MaTepeH H cxrorpers . eCJIH )KeJIaTb v na CBOHX MaJIbIIIleH; xoropsre pe3KOZO np06YJl(OeHU5l, nanonnennast ZHe80M, 31iaR., umo MOU npepeanuuii COHnpeepamum eecs CJleoylOZ«UU oetu. 8 ao, tlmO etiepeou ez«e nOJlIiO KOUlMap08 U npoc,b6 06 ymeUleHuu, xmo B C80eu U3MomaHHocmu 51. MOZY HaKpUllamb na oemeii, a OHU He noiiuym npuvunsi maKOZO noeeoeuusi. J! nOMHIO CBOUsuacni: 0 mOM, umo ueumanu. 51. pasyuunact» (PUll, 1977:31). rOpMOHaJIbHbIv xoropsre rrOCT05IHHO 'rporart, na- ~ Ka)KYTC5I conepmenno rrorrporionars nsrpasarr, CJIOBaMH, TaK )Ke CJIO)KHO Ha3bIBaeMbIMH, HX KaK qYBcTBa, npn 3aH5ITHH ceKCOM HJIH BJlID6JIeHHocTH., 3TOT onsrr 5IBJl5IeTCHqaCTHbIM onsrron )KeH- B03HHKaIDrn;He I1 TaK unm, KaK 5I nOMHfO, KaK uma B Kp08amb nocze • v CJIIDHeH, yrrpaBJI5IeMbIH B myWlem. 31 He MJ)KqHH, OH 6bIJI qaCTO CKpbIT OT rJIa3 H He npezi- CTaBJIeH B KYJIbType, aa HCKJIIDqeHHeM rcorzta rrHCaTeJlH-<i>eMHHHcTKH Bce-TaKH HBHTbCH, TaK KaK czienana pezncrx ztanana cnyxaea, eMY rrpo- 3TO A,n;PH3H PHq: «JIJlOXue U xopoiuue 80cnOMUHaHU5l HeOmOeJlUMbl OJl5l. • MeH5l opyz om opyea. 5I 8cnOMUHafO MOMeHmbl, «oeoa, ,n;BH)KeHHe 60- X H )l{eHcKoe B03MO)KHOCTb paccxasart, v V· 0 qaCTHOH ,n;OMaIIlHeH )KH3- t, crroco6CTBOBaJIO pa3pYIIleHHID rpamru Me)K,n;y qaCT- III H rry6JIHqHOM c<i>epaMH )KH3HH. MbI cetisac CBo6o,n;HO • ICY}K,n;aeM3aHHTHe ceKCOM H He BH,n;HM npn 3TOM noztlTbIX B B03Myrn;eHHH ry6 OKpY)KaIDrn;HX, MbI B OTI{PbITYID rrepecyesrca rro,n;po6HOCTHMH qaCTHOM )KH3HH 60raTbIX KOPM5l.ZpyObfO KaJ1COOZO MOUX oemeii, 51. 8cmpellWlaCb U3 832Jl5l.00M C ezo UlUPOKO pacxpumuuu CMOmp5l.Z«UMU na MeH5l ZJla3aMU U OC03Ha.BWla, llmo Mbl npuxpennenu opye K opyzy lie mOJlbKO 3a Cllem coeOUHeHU5l epyoi: u' pma, 1i0 U 3a Cllem HaUlUX 83ZJl5l.008, nanpaenennux opyz na opyza: ZJly6UHOU, cnoicoiicmeueu, cmpacmuo smozo meMHO-CUHezo B32Jl5l.0a, nanonuennozo MyopocmbfO seK08. 5I 8cnOMUHalO mo ¢U3UlleCKoe .y0080JlbCm8Ue, «ozi»: pe6eHOK npucacueancsi K MoeUHanOJlHeHHOU MOJlOKOM zpyou, 8 mo epeus, tcozoa y.uensi ne 6bLJlO opyzux ¢U3U- pa3YMoM, rrepecrann 3HaMeHHTbIX. MbI J)Ke • 70- X roztoa XX nerca OTKPbI- r6J1HqHble JIID,n;Hncero y,n;HBJlHTbCH TOMY, 'ITO JIHIIlb JlID,n;HH qaCTO npecryna- r MOpaJIb, TaK )Ke KaK H OCTaJIbHble. MbI rrpaanaen, l,n; ,n;eTbMH COBepIIlaeTCH cexcyam-noe HaCHJIHe. 3MO- fH 60JlbIIle He JIBJlHIDTeJITeM, 0 qeM He rOBOpJIT B o6rn;e- Bnaroziaps Be. qTO paspsra 3THM rrpoueccasr Me)K,n;y pal(l10HaJIbHbIM e B 60JIbIIlell H 60JIbIIlell 1,n;I1T finaroztapa H HppaU;HOHaJIbHbIM crenenn lID. KaK JI rOBOpHJIa panee, Me)K.n;y TeJIOM noztsepraerca COMHe- na MOM B3rJlH,n;,3TO nponc- nee pacrymesry nnrepecy co CTOPOHbI • lleCKUX Y0080JlbCm8UU, 3a UCKJllOlleHUeM HanOJlHeHIiOZO. 'llYBcm80M 8UHbl Y0080JlbCm8U5l om nOCm05l.HHOZOn02JlOiuenusi eObl.... J! nOMHIO MOMeHmbl ycnoxoeuusi U uupa, Kozoa no «axcuy-mo CizYllaUHOMY cmeuenuio 06cm05l.meJlbCm8 MHe yoaeanoa. npunsm» 8aHHY 8 oounouecmee. JIOMHIO, KaK 51., npaxmunecxu ysuipas: om neoocuna, . ycnoxaueana petienxa, «omopouy npUCHUJlC5I.KOUlMap, nonpaenstna yna8Ulee ooesoio, cozpeeana ycnoKoumeJZbHyfO 6ymbLJlKY MOJlOKa, BeJla lianOJl08UHY CnRz«ezo lYKH K 3MOl(HHM, rrpoPbIBaIDrn;eMyeJI ierpazra • , v B nay-nron v fOHaJlbHOH v cpezte K HCCJIe,n;oBaHHIDHaIIleH 3MO- cynnrocrn, O,n;HaKo H3MepeHHe ropnonos, IH YPOBHH -repea nocnezume YPOBHH M03roBoll BKJIIDqeHHbIX B aKTHBHOCTl1 peryrnrpoaanae v ~Ol(HOHaJIbHOrO noaenenna B3POCJIbIX JIID,n;eH, MO)KeT J)KHTb TOJlbKO BcrrOMOraTeJIbHbIM .' cpeztcrsosr . B HaIIleM IHl1MaHHl1 3MOl(HOHaJIbHOM )KH3HH. 3TH rrOKa3aTeJIH He . . )fYT 06'bHCHHTb, no-rexry MbI cefia Be.n;eMTaK HJIl1 nna-re. • •
  • 17. • • . KAK nlO50Bb QlOPMV1PYET 03i PE5EHKA? M CblO iEPXAPDT 32 B3pOCJIhle JIlOP;1l v . npomrcannsrx I} caaax IICTOPIIll, xoropsre Ona pe3YJIhTaT CJIO)KHhIXB3allMOp;e:HCTBII:H, rronaeprnncs CJIlllliKOM cncrexrax II3MeHeHIIlO crremnpa-recxae opranaaua, B TeqeHlle IIOTpe6HOCTII, OTJIIIqHhle OT petiemca, na yp6aHIICTIIqeCKOM BpeMeHII .. Hanpo- II YHllKaJIbHhle. nsre 33 pO)Kp;eHHOrO MaHX3'rTeHe. Ka)K;:J;hI:HMaJIeHhKII:H qeJIOBeqeCKII:H OpraHII3NI p;aeT CBOlO C06CTBeHHYlO CIIM<pOHlllO C03- BII6pIIPYIOID;YlO, v TIIB, Mhl P;OJI)KHhIBepHYTbCH K llCTOKaM 3MOU;IlOIiaJIbHOll )KIl3Hll, rrponeccan, xoropsre K caMblM paHHHM Jl5IlOTnama 3MOU;llOHaJIbHble rpaercropna, orrpezte- K MJIap;eHU;y rryJIhCIIPYIOID;YIO' as pa3JIHqHhIX PllTMOBll <PYHKU;ll:H, na- rrOJIH5IlOID;llXTeJIO, P;llPll)KIIPY5I llMll xepea CllCTeMY XllMIIqeCKHX II 3JIeKTpIIqeCKllX . CllrHaJIOB. BHYTPII OpraIIII3Ma MHO)KeCTBO CIICTeM CB5I3aHhI ztpyr C ztpyron p;OC1'aTOqHO II ero llJIII ee 3MOU;IIOHaJIhHOMYOKpY)KeHlllO. cJIa60, II Me)KP;YHllMII qaCTO CJIyqalOTC5I a3HOrJIaCll5I. 3TH p v CllCTeMhI B3allMOp;eIICTBYlOT • HE3ABEPJJJEHHbIJ1 MllAtEHEIJ 3JIeKTpIIqeCKllX XpaHIITb . B -racrn nponecca p;eHU;bI KaK rnnna. <pOpMIIpOBaHII5I JIIIqHOCTII Ka)Kp;bI:H pO)K;:J;aeTCH reHeTHqeCKHM C rrJIaHOM II YHllKaJIbHbIM 6eHKa ecri, MJIa- Ha60pOM B03MO)KHOCTe:H. Y pe- TeJIO, aarrporpaxoanposannoe pa3BIIBaTbC5I ztpyr 11 XIIMllqeCKIIX CIIrHaJIOB, CTpeM5ICh CO- rrplleMJIeMhI:H yposeas B036YEP;eHll5I, rrOCT05IH- HO aaarrrapyacs II BHeIlIHIIM, II K II3MeH5IlOID;IIMC5I06CT05ITeJIhCTBaM - srryrpemnrr«. B 06pa30M, Mnazteneu mrrepaxrnaaBTOHOMHhI:H. Hercoropsre CIICTeMbI MaTHqeCKOrO pa3BllTIl5I HbI:H npoercr, opranaasra a He 3aKOHqeHbI _'. 60JIhIIIe JIlOp;e:H. Hexoropsre . rrorraBIIIllM orrpeztenenxsrii rOTOBbI <PYHKU;IIO- TaKIIX, II 6yP;YT pa3BllBaTbC5I na «aapoznnnesr, ecrs • . HeT. qeJIOBeqeCKOrO zterensnna HHpOBaTh, HO ropaaao p;pyrHx cpeztcrn P;JI5I aBTO- HO HllKaKIIX xoropsre )KH3HII opraaaaxr naasmaror . BO BHeIIIHllll MJIap;eH- v MHp», 11B 3TOM CMbICJI, TaK KaK pe6eHOK He. rOTOB <PYBKU;IlOHllpOBaTh caMOCT05ITeJIbHO 11rpeoyer B03p;e:H- rrplleMJIeMbI:H ypoaem. xozmoe COCT05IHlle P;JI5I aEP;OIl 113CllC1'eM, I{OTOpOe 3TllM K CHCTeMaM B p;aJIhHe:HllIeM HY)KHO 6yp;eT noztztepxoraars. Korzta xce nponcxonanrae C06hITll5I BhI3bIBaIOT B036Y)KP;e- HHe CHCTeM BblIIIeYKa3aHHoro YPOBH5IJIll60 orrycxaror CTBll5I P;JI5I BOCCTaHOBJIeHIl5I cxoaaoro n . Ho B caMOM na-rane COU;llaJIbHbI:Hnpouecc. COCTOHHll5I . HOpMy H)l)KHO onpeaemrn., Mnaaeneu .caMOCT05ITeJIbHO, P;JI5I YCTaBOBKH HOPMbl eMY neofixo• • P;IlMO CKOOPP;IlHllpoBaTh CBOll CyICTeMhI C TeMII JIlOP;bMll, npacnocarinnnarorca ypOBHlO CTllMyJI5II~1l1l H npnasrxaior nanfionee JIOBeqeCKYlO xynsrypy Tarcaxr 06pa30M 3<p<peKTHBHbIM cnocotion OT ozmoro Ka)Kp;bI:Hpefienox en nozt re 06CT05ITeJIbCTBa llJIII OH OKa3aJIC5I. Pe6eHoK, . coxoropnora rrJIeMeHll rrOKOJIeHIl5I ztpyroxry. MO)KeT 6bITb noztcrpo- oxpyacenae, B KOTOPbIX pO)Kp;eHHhI:H B apxaa-nrora B qe- Herrane, 6yp;eT IIMeTb Bbl- xym.ryp- H 3TO He MO)KeT cztenarr. 3TO MID;IlXC5I B ztenpeccmr, rrOJIHO nepenars nx . llMeeT TaK KaK rr03BOJI5IeT nanfionee IIC- v xoropsre anasenae, casnra B036Y)K;:J;eHH5I, onpezienaer CTBllH B3POCJIbIX JIlOp;e:H. B 3BOJIlOU;IiOHHOM CMbICJIe 3TO ocofioe MeC5IU;bI TOJIbKO YCTaHaBJIllBaeT' 3TOT erne He B OTBeT na BJIII5IHIIe yseasre carasre rrepnsre v • onpezrenennsna C p;pyroM rrOCpep;CTBOM HaXOMTC5I BOKPyr Hero. ,l(eTll MaTepe:H, naxoK Hll3KOMY K HII3KOMY YPOBHlO rrOJIO)KllTeJIhHbIX 3MOU;Il:H. ,l(eTII 6eCrrOKO:HHbIX MaTepe:H MOrYT rrpaxomrrs B COCT05IHlle rrepeB036YEP;eHll5I, II llM MO)KeT. Ka3aTbC5I, qTO qYBCTBa rrpOCTO BblphIBalOTC5I na qeJIOBeKa B3pbIBHhIM 06pa30M JIOBeK, KOTOPbI:HqYSCTBa mrrero II qTO C 3TllM HII ncrrsrrsrsaer; He MOrYT cztenarr. (JIll60 can -re- Hll OKpYEalOID;He OHH MorYT rrbITaTbC5I .
  • 18. , CblO rEPXAPrT 34 KAK nlO50Bb C1JOPMV1PYET PE5EHKA? M03r HOCTeM ,ll;JI5Iofipafiorror nOJIHOCThIO OTKJIIOQllTh BCe QYBCTBa, QT06hI cnpasrrrsca . C HaXJIhIHYSilleM BOJIHOM). CTaTOQHOeBHllMaHlle, Zlern, KOTOphIe rrOJI),,-IaIOTzto- O)KI1,ll;aIOT OKpY)KaIOn:t;llXII Mllpa OT OTBeTa na CBOll qYSCTBa, a TaK:>Kenoxrorua aaexaarrroro B noaapamenaa KOM~opTHoro 6hITOqHOrO CTllMYJIllpOBaHll5I. HIOIO nosroms, nponecccxr COCT05IHH5IB czrysae na- Ilpa co BpeMeHeM onn 3TOM, BHeIII- HayqaIOTC5I ynpaBJI5ITh caMOCT05ITeJIhHO. PaHHllM, MJIa,ll;eHqeCKllM ornrr B qaCTHOCTH, CllCTeMhI, onsrra, xoropsre, MOryT C~OPMllPO- nponeccsr )Ke ,ll;pyrlle poaanan Hanpauep, MOryT 6bITh pearaposaaaa na crpecc, a TaK- ,ll;OJI)l{HbIM06pa30M. MeXaHll3MbI , yrrpaBJIeHI15I 3MO:U;I15IMll,B perynn- KOTOPhIX rrpnmnraror y-racrne .n:a:>Ke caM POCTM03ra, TeMITbI xoroporo B nepasre rrOJITOpa rozta )Kll3Hll, v uenporrerrransr . nantionee BbICOKll MO)KeT 6bITb HapYIIIeH, ecmr YCJIOBI15I, KOTOPbIX OH pa3BllBaeTC5I, nefinaronpnB 5ITHbI. KaK B asrpannraanaa paccazrsr B 6JIarOrrpI15ITHhIX YCJIOBI15IX XOPOlliO pa3BllBaeTC5I KOpHeB35I cncreraa TOK 6bICTPO pacrer, TaK H C JIlO,ll;bMll M uae- 3MO:U;ll0HaJIbHble xoropsre y QeJIOBeQeCKllXzterensnneii OQeHb • aanporpasorapoaansr no cpaanenmo C ,ll;pyrMMM cnocofiaocra, CJIa60 npe,ll;CTaBMTeJI5IMll)KllBOTHOro MMpa, B HaM60JIhilleM CTerrena 3aBllC5IT OT onsrra H oKpYEeHI15I. B nCllXOJIOrMQeCKOMcsoea ITpOCTOTeMJIa,ll;eHe:u; TaK:>Ke nanosomaer paccazry. Hyscrna HaQMHalOTCH C OQeHb 6aaosoro YPOBH5I. Mnazieneu acnsrrsmaer ofimee QYSCTBO , crpecca llJIll y,ll;OBOJIbCTBlliI, KOM~opTa I1JIll ,ll;llCKOM~Op- . ra, HO pa3JIllQH5I Me)K,ll;y HMMH, nx CJIO)KHOCTb B03MO)KII HOCTll ynpaanenaa Y Hero noxa llMM. ITOKa OQeHh He3HaQMTeJIbHbI. erne HeT ,ll;OCTaTOQHhIX YMCTBeHHbIX cnoco6• KOM~opTa H Y,ll;OBOJihCTBI15I, H 60JIbilleM rrpnxozmr crerrenn nocrnraer OH nee B 60JIhilleM 3TOT Mllp. II HaXOMTC5I P5I,ll;OM CHHM, sarraxa, Paansre JIlO,ll;ll 3BYKH II reap- TllHJ(ll rrOCT05IHHOMeH5IlOTC5I TeQeHlle ,ll;H5I I HOQll, H noB I ~OpMllpOBaThC5I IIIa6JIOHhI, cxesna •. zree nOBTOp5IlOn:t;HeC5I 06bITH5I II CBOMCTBaII COXpaH5ITh C BaTbC5ITaK, QTOonn He CMOryT yqaCTBOBaTb B yrrpaaneaan nospexcaema He,ll;OBOJIhCTBa ,ll;I1CKOM~OpTaII B ztocrnII CllCTeMhI B CB5I3HC nx . npoueccaem )KeHllll B3POCJIhIX ilOCTeneHHO MJIa,ll;eHe:u;HaQHHaeT pacnoanana'rs 6ll0XHMllQeCKlle B cnyxae np06JIeMHOrO panaero B YMeHhIIIeHHll OH nOJIaraeTC5I na OKa3hIBaeT orposoroe He3peJIOCThlOII TOHKOCThlOperynnpoaaaas. onpeneneansre B TO BpeM5I noxa CTeneHHO na-nraatcr B03,ll;eMCTBlle na ~ll3ll0JIOl'llqeCKlle ecrs nonysaa Ho TaKOM CJIO)KHOMllH~OpMa:U;llll • nx B nassarn KaK 06pa3:U;hI. 3TO MO)KeT 6hITh ycnoxan- BaIOn:t;MM 06pa3 YJIhI6aI{)n:t;eMC5I aTepll, M HaTY, xoraa naario- OH nna-rer BXO,ll;5In:t;eM KOMB B CBoeM KOJIhI6eJIll, a MO)KeT 6bITh 35
  • 19. ., • . CblO iEPXAPDT 36 KAK nlO50Bb C1JOPMV1PYET PE5EHKA? M03i a y 3THX JIIOtJ;eM CBOIOoxepear, B TaIOKe ecrs CBOHocofien- HOCTH. tIYBCTBHTeJIhHa5I MaTh 3HeprHqHOrO, H MeHee qYBCTBHTeJIhHOrO petiemca arpeCCHBHhIM . H He. omymars, aKTHBHoro MO)KeT CqHTaTb ero 'ITO OHH aacrpoeasr aa v BhIqaHHO CJIO)l{HOorne-rars anarnsmsr H norpyacemr KOHTaKT «rnaaa B ~ aa aanpocsr CBOHX,lJ;eTeH,OHH B ce6JI, OHH He IIO,ll,tJ;ep)KHBaIOT rnaaa- HCKJIIOqHTeJIhHO ,lJ;JIJI roro, qT06hI rrepeozters HJIH IIOKOP- MHTh. CqHTaTh ero y,ll,06HhlM, He rpetiyrounm B3aHMOtJ;eMCTBHJI ,lJ;pyrHMH JIIOtJ;hMH(<PHJI,lJ; zrp., C H . TaKHM, xoroporo JIerKO seane fipart, C C060M. TaKHM 06- pa30M, H HaqHHaeTC5I aKTHBHoe, ,lI,HHaMHqeCKOe B3aHMO- I1x ,lJ;eTH Bblpa6aThIBaIOT ,lJ;errpeCCHBHhIM crrocof 1988) . . OHH ,lJ;eMOHcTpHPYfOT MeHhIlIe (H JIeBOe rrOJIYIIIapHe pyxa C pe6eHKOM H 6epYT nx na O,1l;Hy BOJIHy. Ho MO)KeT CJIyqHTbC51H TaK, 'ITO OHa 6ytJ;eT JIHIIIHHX YCHJIHM, 37 u rrOJIO)KHTeJIhHbIX 3MOU;HH HX M03ra MeHee axrnano). B 60- ~ ,lI,eHCTBHeMe)KtJ;yJIHqHOCTJIMH. rree B3POCJIOMB03paCTe xoraa petienox na-nnraer xo- ~ Ba)KHO OTMeTHTh, 'ITO KOHeqHhIH pe3YJIhTaT B3.aHMO,lI,eMCTBHJIB 60JIhIIIeM crenenn orua, qeM OT pefiemca. ztaace caxrsre rrpexpacao OHH xyxce CrrpaBJIJIIOTCJI KorHHTHBHblMH C JIMH, H Y HHX BCTpeqaIOTC5I rrp06JIeMhI C rrpHBJI3aHHOCTbIO I1CCJIetJ;OBaHHJI rOKa3hIBaIOT, 'ITO r K MaTepH. B 60JIee II03,l1,HelVIlJ;eTCTBe , HX 3MOU;HOHaJIbHble paanpaaorrensnsre CJIO)KHhle H MJIa,ll,.eHU;hl H pa3BHB3IOTCJI B cnysae, eCJIHHX pO,ll,HTeJIH ,lI,OCTaTOqHOOT3hlBqHBhl H rOTOBhl npncnoco- rrp06JIeMbI Kynep COXpaHJIIOTCJIH HapaCTaIDT (MIOppeM, H MIOppeM, Ha zrpyroxr Hexoropsre HCCJIe,ll,OBaTeJIH zraace 3aTpY,1l;HHJIHCh ,1I;aTh onpeaenemre CJIO)KHOrO MJIa,ll,eHu;aB carasre nepnsre neztemr )KH3HH H npezmonara- tJ;HThCJIB IOT, 'ITO raxoe Hhle xrarepn, 6HThCJI K HY)K,ll,aM cnoero pefiemca. onpeztenerrae BO MHOrOM 3aBHCHT OT BOC- rrpHJITHJI pO,1l;HTeJIeM (BOJIKe H CT. ~)l{eMMC-P06epT, 1987) H 'ITO TaKOM CTHJIh ,pearHpOBaHI'IJI YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCJI B reqeHHe nepsoro (Cpoyrp 1995). Tpyzmue rozra )KH3HH tJ;eTH 1998; rrOJIIOCe eCJIM pozmrens HaXOMTCJI ,n;pyrHe MaTepH, ztenpeccmr, xoropsre B 60JIee 3JIbl, ztaace 3TO 60JIee arccnpeccaa- nexcropora rroTpe6HOCTJIMH petienxa CMbICJIe aoaxrynteasr H qYBCTByroT Bp3)K,lJ;e6HOCTbrro OTHOIIIeHMIO K HeMy. OHH MorYI' Bblp3)KaTh 3TO OTHOIlIe. HHe K pe6eHKY TeM, 'ITO 6epYT ero na pyKH pe3I{0 H 60 HJIH ztepxcar na nyio 3TOM TaKa5I MaTb o-rens aKTHBHO 3aHJITa yq" 1981). CBOHX pO,ll,HTeJIeM (I1reJIeH,lI, H Cpo- KaK 6hl TO HH 6bIJIO, nenpocroii He MO)KeT 6hITh rrpa-mnoii 3YJIhTaTa (EeJIhCKH H zip., HhlM perienox rapaHTHpOBaHHO 1998), HMeeT 60JIhIIIyro pa3BHTHIO B cnysae, C TOqKH 3peHHJI petienxa, «rpyzmsre- nnoxoro pe- XOTJI60JIee qYBcTBHteJIh- TeHtJ;eHU;HIO HeY,1l;aqHoMY K eCJIH ero pO,ll,HTeJIHHe CTpeMJITC5Irro- 3HaTh H y,n;OBJIeTBOpHThero zrene TeMrrepaMeHT ocofiemtsre rroTpe6HOCTH. nepefinnaa pyxax CHrHaJIOB. )l{ecToKHe rrOJIIOCe IlIKaJIbl u pO,lJ;HTeJIH 3TO PO,lJ;HTeJIHzmyx THrrOB: .. XOJIO,lJ;HO OTCTpaHeHHO. H pefiemcora, rpyIlpn qaCTO MJIatJ;eHqeCKHe HHHIJ;HaTHBbl H He qHTaJI ero MaTepH TaIOKe HaXOMTCJI rra 3TOM· (JIaMoHC-PYT H ztp., 1991). ~eTH TaKHX - MaTepeH TaIOKe pa3BHBaIOTCJI xyxce H He ,lI,eMOHCTpHpyroT u 3,lJ;OPOBOH IIpHB.lI3aHHOCTH K MaTepH, U;HOHaJIhHOMY H36eraHHIO y Hero MOryT 6hITh B caMOM HaBJI3qHB - MOryT 'raIOKe naxo- HO OHH ropaaao eCJIH 3Ta 3JIOCTh 3aByaJIHpOBaHa. xoropsre 1992; ,n:OyCOHH ,lJ;p., 1992). MOryT CTaHOBHThCJI TaKOBbIMH B OTBeT na 3MOU;HOHaJIhaeaocryrmocrs 3a,ZJ;aHH- HJIH cymecrsyro'r 3aBHCHT OT MaTepH ,lI,HTb CTpeM.lITC5I K 3MO- HJIH ,lI,e30rpaHH30BaHhI B TOM HJIH HHOM CMblCJIe. K CqaCTbIO; 60JIbIlIHHCTBO pO,lJ;HTeJIeM HHCTHHKTHBHO pO,ll,HTeJIHHeBHHMaTeJIhHhle H pO,ll,HTeJIHHaBJI3'lHBhle. Ha rrpOJIBJIJIIOTK CBoeMY pefienxy ,n;OCTaTOqHOeKOJIHqeCTBO O,ll,HOMrrOJIIOCe BHHMaHMJI, qT06hl ofiecrre-nrrs eMY 3MOU;HOHaJIbHyro 6e3- eCJIH pO,lJ;HTeJIhHeBHHMaTeJIeH na- XOMTC5I MaTepH B COCTOJIHHH ztenpeccmr, KOTOPhIM qpe3- onacnocrs. Ho BOT 'ITO OKa3hlBaeTCJI HaH60JIee KPHTHqHO ,
  • 20. • • Cb!O iEPXAPDT 38 KAK n!050Bb (]lOPMV1PYET M03i PE5EHKA? • U ,lI;JI5IMJIa,ll;eHn;a - crenens, U B KOTOPOH PO,ll;HTeJIhHJIH aa- U MeH5IIOID;HH ero B3POCJIhII13MOIJ;HOHaJIbHO,n;ocT)TIIeH, ero npncyrcraae (3M,lI;e, 1988), ,lI;OCTaTOqHOe ,lI;JI.H roro, 3aMeqaTh CHrHaJIbI H perymrponars pyztaxsenrapasrx aa I1CKJIlOqeHHeM caxrux MO}l(HOCTH ynpannrrrs C06CTBeHHbIMH ::,)MOIJ;H5IMl1. B 60JIee IIlHPOKOM COIJ;HaJIbHOMCMhICJIeMHe Ka}l(eTC5I, . U "ITO HaCT05IID;1111 HCTOqHHK MHOrHX ,n;eJIaThTO, "ITO pe6eHOK He B COCT05IHI1Hcztexars M5I ce65I can, IIl11M nOKOJIeHIDIM q)'BCTBa He3aID;11ID;eHHOCTH11 HeB03- qTo6bI COCT05IHIDIpe6eHKa,.H npHMI1- (aanpuaep, cocamre CJIO}l(HOCTe:i1: O,ll;HP TeJIhCTBa JIe}l(HT B pa3,l1;eJIeHHOCTHpa60TbI 11,n;OMa, qaCT- HOll }l(113HHH 06ID;eCTBeHHo:i1:,KOTOPaJICTaJIa pe3YJIbTaTOM . THBHhIX cnocooos -OJ . H30JIHpOBaHHOCTH MaTepeH B HX ,lI;OMaX, IIpH O'fC)'TCTBI-II1 CBOl1X coficrsen- HhIX naJIhIJ;eB, eCJIH rOJIO,ll;eH,HJII1 OTBOpaqHBaHHe rOJIOBbI CHJIhHOll nO,ll;,lI;ep}l(KHOT ztpyrnx OT H3JIHIIlHe Cl'I1MYJIHpYIOID;ero B03,l1;ellCTBIDI). HOCTH pa3HOo6pa3HTh B3POCJIbIXH 6e3 B03MO}l(- exceznrennste 3a6oTbI. 3TH yCJIO- BH5I CaMl1 no ce6e C03,l1;alOT 6a3y,ll;JI.H pa3BHTH5I ztenpeccmi H q)'BCTBa 0611,l1;hI He,n;OBOJIhCTBa,xoropue H BalOTC5I C ncxyccraeano C03,n;aHHOll CHTyaIJ;He:i1:, orzta HM x I-IaIIle BpeM5I HenonYJI.HpHO pacrmcsman, npeJIeCTH v pO,ll;HTeJIhCTBa C rex nop, KaK }l(eHID;HHbI B O}l(eCTOqeHHOI1 pasmrx C MYEqHHaMH npan na pariore XOT5IT ncnsrrsmars qYBCTBO BHHbI ~T. roro, "ITO OHH 60ph6e H He P;06HJIHCh . OJ 3aHI1MalOTC.Hxapsepon, HHMaeTC5I HX ,lI;eTbMH. ' , .... B TO BpeM5I KaK KTO-TO zrpyron B rarce 5J. qaCTO ncrpesarocs Moell trpenonaaarenscxoic OHH neazteansnsr. sa- u CTOHTJIH BHHHTh MaTepeH B TOM, "ITO BHHa H TpeBO}l(HOCTh qaCTO noziorpe- BalOT BpaE,lI;e6HOCTh no OTHOIIleHHlO K HCC.JIe,n;OBaTeJI5IM, KaK 3TO CJIyqHJIOCh C ,lJ;}l(eeM BeJIhCKH 113 YHI1BepCHTeTa JIOH,ll;OHa, asropa O,ll;HOrO H3 HaH60JIee Ba}l(HhIX HCCJIe- ,lI;OBaHHll B 3TOll 06JIaCTH, KOTOPbIll H3yqaJI B03,n;e:i1:cTBHe . neaztexaarnsrx u u BOCnl1TaTeJIeH na zteren H B ,lI;OMaIIlHHX MaJIOrO MO}l(HO ,n;OCTHqh, KpHTH- • ey5I poznrreneii. KpHTHKa He BJIH5IeTnOJIO}l(HTeJIhHO na HX B03MO}l(HOCTb n03HTHBHO pearnposars na co6CTBeHHbIX ,lI;eTe:i1:. TO }l(e BpeM5I n03HTI1BHaJI no,n;,lI;ep}l(Ka MO}l(eT noB u MOqh yHTH OT 3aID;HTHoro nOBe,n;eHIDI, xoropoe ,lI;eT5IMH rronaepacraaer ztenart, BbI60p u nOpOqHbIH xpyr apeznrr nepeztasn HX MJIa,n;- Me}l(,n;y patioroii H ,n;eThMH, • XOT5I OqeBI1,l1;HO, ITO 11M HYEHO 11TO 11ztpyroe " 1992). (HhlOBeJI, Ho B YCJIOBH5IXOrpaHHQeHHOrO BhI60pa pO,ll;I1TeJII1, • TeM He MeHee, ,n;OJI}l(HbIOCHOBbIBaThC5Iira TOqHOM nonnMaHHH 'roro, B "ITO rrponcxozmr C yIX pe6eHKOM. <pI13110JIOrHqeCKOM CMbICJIe MJIa,ll;eHeIJ; BO MHorHX acnexrax HeOT,lI;eJIHMOT csoeii MaTepH, OT ee l'eJIa. OH aa- BHCHM OT MOJIOKa, KOTOPbIM OHa ero mrraer, pHHCKoe 'reno noro nosroraer OHO eMY B peIYJIHpOBaHHH MaTecepztex- pHTMa H KpOB5IHOrO ,lI;aBJIeHIDI, OHO otiecne-nraaer eMY HMMyHHYIO 3aID;HTy. Ero MYCKYJIbHaJI aKTHBHOCTb pe- ryJIHpyeTC5I ee npHKOCHOBeHIDIMH, TaK xce KaK H yposeas. ero ropMOHOB. OHa corpesaer raer CHH3HTh ypoaem. K HeMY H KOPM5I ere. YCJIOBI15IX, 1B ,lI;eTCKHXcaztax. 1 Be3YCJIOBHO, o-rens ueooxoznoao npax- CTeM, "ITO CTy,n;eHTbIHeH36e}l(HO . nO,ll;HHMalOT sonpoc, TaK TIJIaqeB- HO CKa3hIBalOTC5I na pa3BHTHH ,lI;eTell. )l{eHID;HHhI CTaJIKH- PAHHEE PEfVllJ1POBAHJ1E B 39 ryJIHpOBaHHe ero CBOllM TeJIOM H nOMO, ropMOHOB 3TO 6a30Boe nostoraer pe6eHKY crpecca, npHKaCaJICb <pH3HOJIOrHqeCKOe peBhI}l(HTb. u Peitsen KaCK, u IlHCaTeJIhHHIJ;a, onHCaBIIlaJI CBOH MaTepHHCKHH OIlbIT, roBOpHT 06 3THX nponeccax perynauan TaK: Ee306.llQllHOe CY14ecm808QHUe Moeu oouepu mpe6yem cepiesnoi: nOOOepJICKu.Ilpescoe scezo, .R. 8blnO.llH.R.1O poni. novex 8 opeanusue: y6upalO omxoou. »cusneoestmem»: .
  • 21. , CblO iEPXAPUT 40 KAK nlO50Bb CDOPMV1PYET M03i PE5EHKA? nocmu. Samesc lCaJf(Oble mpu 'laca R 3aJiUBalO MO.1l0ICO eii B pam. aHO npoxooum uepe» cuaneuy tnpytioue« U Bbl-xooum uapyxcy. 3mu euoenenusi R euxuoueaio. KaJICOble 24 uaca R nozpyxcato ee B BOOY, «motn« ouucmumt, ee. 5I MeHRIO eii ooeJf(oy. IIoC.1le m020 xa« ona notiuna He«omopoe BpeM51 OOMa, R BblBOJf(Y ee na npozynxy. IIoC.1le mozo xax OHa n02Y.1l5l.1la,R npUHOUlY ee OOMoll. K020a OHa xovem cnums, R ee yioiaoueato. K020a OHa npocunaetncst, R 6epy ee na PYKU. K020a OHa n.lla'lem, R oepJf(Y ee Ha pylCax, noxc OHa He nepecmnxem. 5I pasoeeaio U ooeeato ee. E HanO.1lHRIOee .1l1060BblO, 6ecnOICORCb0 mOM, oaio nu R oocmamouno, MaJiO unu C.1lUUlICOM MH020. 3a6oma 0 neii. cpaenus«i c omeemcrnsexxocmsro 3a nozooy MU 3a pocm tnpaeu. (Cusk, 2001). po,n;a H}')KHa ,n;eTJIM rrOCT05IHHO B MeCJID;eB. KaK rnmrer KpeTIOCTHOe rrpaso, Pe6eHKY crrocotien Kacx, 'renenae 'ra- paticrno, MOIO HeB03MO)KHOCTh yHTM». HY)KeH B3POCJIhIll, 3a6oTJIHBhIll HaCTOJIhKO, qTO rrOJIHOCThlO M,n;eHTM<pMD;MpoBaThce6JI C pefien- KOM, CqMTaTh ero HJ)K,Zl;hIH norpefinocra ztenen B 3TOT nepnozt CBOHMM; MJIa- )KM3HH JIBJIJIeTCJI<pM3MOJIOrMqeCKMM . v . M nCHXOJIOrH"lIeCKMM npo,n;OJI)KeHMeM CBoeH MaTepM, HeOT,n;eJIMMhIM OT nee. ECJIM OHa ITJIOXOee pe6eHKY, cztenari, petienxa yroznro "lIYBCTByeT ITJIOXO,xorna HeMe,n;JIeHHO, YCTpaHHTh npM"lIHI-Iy,n;MCKOM<popTa MO)KeT ztenars ecrs 6yrhmOqKa C co6CTBeHHhIM • C3aMeHllTeJIeM 'Ieopera-recxa rerreps, rpyznroro KTO xorzra y Hac MOJIOKa, HO 6MO- 6y,n;eTztenars 3TO eme II B CBJI3M rOpMOHaJIbHhIM • csoricrsemro unro C peoeaxoxr, perynsmra. 3TO oc06eHHO JIOrll"lJeCKaJI MaTh petiemca 60JIee ce65I OHa 6y,n;eT CTpeMHThC5I "liTO-TO C 3TMM . II B 3TOM cyrs npnxocaoneaaa. 6eHKa. II ero COCT05IHMeM, II ell 6y,n;eT YCTaHOBMTh CMJIbHyro ll,Zl;eHTll<pMKa- "lIYBcTBoBaTh ero 3MOU;MMKaK CBOll c06- CTBeHHhle, HMe5I BHyrpeHHHM v HCTOqHMK,Zl;JIJI sroro, ycnoxaanaer OHa nepeB036)1)I(,n;eHHe, nesep- Mars zienaer B OCHOBHOM C IIOMOrn;hlO JVIHMMKH, rona cnoero rOJIOca, rpOMKHll BXO,ll;5IB ero 3TO ITJIaq peCOCT05IHHe, • llpMBJIeKaJI ero }'POMKHM rOJIOCOM, 3epKaJIhHO orpaxcaro.rn;HM ero v nocreneano TIJIaq, YBOM ero B nOKOH, CHM)KaJI v M MHTeHCHBHOCTb ronoca, rpOMKOCTh pa3rOBapHBaJI, 11cnoxoiinoe rrepesozta CTIOKOMHO C HHM ero CBOHM npnraepoer B MMpHoe COCT05IHHe: I1JI11OHa CM5IrqaeT Hanp5I)KeHMe • petienrca, HaXOMm;erOC5I 06HHMaJI ero. spautaer M HeBep6aJIhHOrO yrrpaaneamr 3TY rrp06JIeMY nesam.aoro oriccne-nmaromae Ii rnasa- 06rn;eHM5I OHa B03- B KOM<popTHoe COCT05IHHe. eCJIM OHM He MorYI' C pe6eHKOM nOKa"llMBaJI H rcpernco YJIhI6KOll H IIIMPOKO paCKphIThIMM periemca B3pOCJIhle, B cnysae, B ronyce, I1JIH OHa MO)KeT pa3BeCeJIMTh MJIa,n;eHD;acaoeii MHorMX 3TM 3a,n;aqM «ycTaHaBJIMBaIOT 3aKJIIOqaeTCJI TaIOKe B 6aJIhHOM OTKJIMI{e na qYBcTBa pefiemca. MH. BceMM cnocotiaxm OCHOBHaJI CJIO)l{HOCTh COCTOMTB l'OM, qTO safiora xoro Pamree perynnposanae 41 McnhIThIBalOT YXO,ll;' 3a ,n;OCTHqh aroro pe6eHKOM, e,n;MHeHM5I CJIO)KHOCTH.B 3aMe"llaHMH CBOHMH qYBCTBaMM, CKJIOHHbI 3aKpenJIJITh aa cneayrontee Taxoii petienox peryJIJIU;HH, TpaHCJIMpYJI ee nOKOJIeHHe, .na c06CTBeHHoro· petienxa. He MO)KeT HayqIlThCJI OTCJIe)KHBaTh H3MeHeHHR coticraeanoro 3MOD;MOHaJIhHOrO CbCT05IHM5I'H 3<pcpeKTHBHO ynpas- JI5ITh 3THMH H3MeHeHlliIMH, HayqMJIH ero 3TO zienarr. eCJIM ero MaMa HJIH nana M He ,n;eJIaJIM3TO sa Hero HeM MJIa,n;eH"lIeCTBe. Y Hero He B pan- MO)KeT TaK H He B03HHKHyrh rrOHHMaHH5I, KaK eMY npOCTO OCTaBaThC5I na nJIaBY, B zianHOM ero COCT05IHMH. TaK)Ke OH MO)KeT mapacrn c omyme- . HHeM, =rro OH M BOBce He ,n;OJI)KeH MMeTh HMKaKHX "lIYBCTB, paa ero po,n;HTeJIH He aasrexaror HMM. MJIa,n;eHD;hI oxens HX H He mrrepecyrorca "lIYBCTBHTeJIhHhI K raxoro pozta CKphIThIM CHrHaJIaM, H OHM I13Ha"llaJIhHO OTBeqalOT na TO, -rro HX po,n;HTeJIH ,n;eJIaIOT, a He na TO, -rro OHH rOBOp5IT HJIH ,n;YMaIOT. Ho eCJIH po,n;HTeJIM B caMOM ztene OTCJIe)KHBalOT M3MeHeHHe 3MOD;Mll y pefienxa M 6hIC'fPO orse-raror
  • 22. • . na 3TH H3MeHeHHH, 6JIarOrrOJIyqHH, rr03BOJIHH BOCCTaHOBHTh omymemre MaJIhIIll q)'BCTBa 113aMeqaTh MO)KeT HayqHThCH I1CrrhIThIBaTh I1X. OHII MOryT CTaTh OC03HaHHhIMI1. ECJIH 3a6oTHm;HeCH B3pOCJIble ,lJ;eHCTBYIOT rrOCJIe,lJ;OBaTeJIhHO, npeacxaayeuo, rroneaenaa. TO Moryr na-rars B03HHKaTb 06pa3IJ;hI «Korzta H IIJIaqy, MJIa,ll;eHeIJ; MO)KeT aasreaars: MaMa sceraa He)KHO 6epeT MeIDl na PYKH» llJIH «ECJIH OHa v naztenaer 3TH nansro, H CKOPO rrOqYBCTBYIO CBe)KHH B03,ll;YX». 6eCC03HaTeJIhHO npaoopereaasre, 06pa3IJ;bI H O)KI1,lI;aHHHonncansr Hl1eJIh Illrepn paaasrn 43 KAK nlO50Bb CIl0PMV1PYET 03i PE5EHKA? M CblO iEPXAPQT 42 • (1985) pa3HhIMH Ha3hIBaeT rresepoansmre aaropaxm. Zla- HX 0606m;eHHhIMH 06- B3aI1MO,ll;eHCTBHH. ,lI;)KOH EOyJI611 Ha3hIBaeT I1X 6hITh PH,IJ;OMH HacTpaHBaThCH KOM , qT06hI OTCJIe)KHBaTh ero . na O,lJ;HyBOJIHY C nOCTOHHHO MeHHIOIu;HeCH COCTOHHHH, HO OHH TaIOIze ,lJ;OJI)KHhI osro-n. n xozte na CJIe,lJ;YIOIu;llHyposeas. qeJIOBeKOM, 6a30Bhle nepepafioransr pefien- '-IT06hI CTaTh HaCTOHIu;I1M petiemca peaKIJ;HH eMY B rrepe- ,ll;OJI)KHhI 6hITh H HJ)KI-IO C<pOpMl1pOBaTh 60JIee CJIO)KHhIH C .11crreIJ;HcpHqI-IhIH MexaH1l3M q)'BCTB. MOIu;hIO orimee «MHe IIJIOXO» MO)KeT pa3JIO- outymenae v )KHThCH na IJ;eJIhIH cnexrp HHe, paao-rapoaamre, pO,lJ;HTeJIhCKOHno- paanpaxce60JIh. 11 CHOBa qYBCTB, T.aKHX KaK rnes, 6ecrrOKOHCTBO, MJIa,ll;eHeIJ;, H ztaxce qyrh 60Jlee CTapIllHH pe6eHOK, MO)Kel' rrpOBeCTH 3TU pa3JIHqHH 6e3 novoum (1969). BI1JIMa EyqqH Ha3hIBaeT HX «cxeMaMH 3MOIJ;I1H» (1997). P06epT KJIaHMaH 30BeT HX «nponezrypnoii rraMHThIO». B He3aBHCI1MOCTH OT reopnn, B paeucax KOTOPOH OHH onncanu, nee CXO,ll;.f!TCH aa TOM, qTO O)Kl1,IJ;aHHHOTHOCHTeJIhHO ztpyrnx JIIO,ll;eH H nx ,ll;eHCTBI1H coxpanensr BHe C03HaHHH, ofipa- 'roro, 3YIOTCH BO BpeMH MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBa H CPOPMI1PYIOTna BCIO Ka3bIBaIO"f» eMY ero qYBCTBa ,ll;aJIhHeHIllYIO )KH3Hh <PYH,ll;aMeHTnamero He B3pOCJIOro, 3TO cnoero «sayrpenaae pario-me MO,ll;eJIH» v rrOBe,lJ;eHHH BO rcro J)Ke 3I-:IaeT, B qeM COCTOHT3TH pa3JIHIIHH. PO,ll;H- TeJIh TaK)Ke ,n;oJI)KeiI rrOMOqh pe6eHKY B OC03HaHHH 3THX q)'BCTB, CTaHOBHCh ,ll;JIHHero BHp-ryaJIhHbIM I1CII0JIh3yeT ,ll;eTCKHH nener, CJIOBa H )KeCThI, qT06hI 3epKaJIOM. OH 11pe)'BeJIHqHBaH H YCHJIHBaH pe6eHOK Mor rrororrs, qTO PO,ll;I1- «no(Iepzosenn H YO"fCOH, 1996), 'reJII1 He Bhlpa)KaI01' TaKHM 06pa30M CBOI1q)'BCTBa, a pozra «rrCHXOJIOrl1qeCKaH 06paTHaH CB.H3b»,KOTOPaH oriecne-nraaer 3HaKOMCTBO C qeJIOBeqeCKOH KYJIhrypOI1, B pasrxax I{OTOPOH MhI MO)KeM narepnperaposars MbICJIH H q)'BcTBa CBOH H qY)I{lle (cDoHarH, 2003). Pov B3aHl10,lJ;eHCTBHHC,ll;pyrHMH JIIO,ll;hMH. MhI He OT,ll;aeMce6e orxera B TaKOl'O pozra ztorrymennax, HO cyru;eCTBYIOT H OCHOBaHbI rra nanrexr onsrre. 11 caxroe TOM, qTO MhI onpenenen- HO OHII caMOM rJIaBHOe H3 3Tl1X ztorrymenaa npezmonaraexs, pannesr COCTOHTB v ,lJ;HTeJIHBBO,IJ;HT pefienxa v qTO OKpJ)KaIOIIJ;He Hac JIIO,ll;H 6y,IJ;yr 3MOIJ;HOHaJIbHO ,lJ;OcTyrrHbI ,ll;JIR roro, qT06bI IiOHRTb OHaJIbHbIH MHP, paamrraue • q)'BCTBa 11 HaHTI1 KOMcpopTHoro MOCTh, v cnocof cnpaanrscs pacnosaanaa q)'BcTBa. 06hlqHO H. Ha3hIBaH qeTKO H HeHO 3TO ofiyaenae rrpoHCXO,lJ;HT . C HI1MH, ,lJ;OCTl1qh COCTORHHH, rcorzta B 3TOM ecrs ,lJ;pyrHMI1 CJIOBaMH, nosroryr B 3TOT 60JIee CJIO)KHhIH 3MOIJ;H- ,ll;OCTaTOqHOHeOC03HaHHO .: He06xo,lJ;H- pe6eHKY B ynpan• JIeHHH q)'BCTBaMH H ,lJ;OCTH)KeHHH q)'BCTBa 6JIarOrrOJIyqHH. Te zrern, KOTOPhIM He Y,IJ;aeTCH CCPOpMHpOBaTb TaKHe O)KH- • HEHAlJ,E)I(HA5I IIPMB5I3AHHOCTb M HEPBHA5I CMCTEMA . ,lJ;aHHH, I1CCJIe,lJ;OBaTeJIH 06JIaCTl1 rrpHB.H3aHHOCTI1 Ha3hIB BaIOT «nenaztencno rrpHB.H3aHHhIMH». PO,ll;HTeJIH ,ll;OJI)KHhI 6hITh 3MOIJ;HOHaJIhHbIMH MH rpenepasm. perienxa B cnyxae, csoero pozia OHH ,lJ;OJI)KHhI rOCTOHHHO r MaTh, xoraa 3a60THIu;I1HCH B3POCJIhIH, 06hlqHO He B .nazry CO CBOHMH c06CTBeHHhIMH q)'BCTBa-
  • 23. • • CblO IEPXAPDT 44 KAK nlO50Bb (J)OPMVlPYETM03r PE5EHKA? • .MH, eM MO}f{eT 6hITh nerrpocro pe6eI-IKY. norao-rs ECJIH ee c06cTBeHHoe 6JIOKHpOBaHo IIOrJIOm;eHa, 11JI11, Ha060poT, OpraHIf3M B 3TOM nponecce . . rrOJIyqI1Th OC03HaHHe qYBCTB 3aeCJIH OHa qepecqyp HMH HII![H yrrpaanrrrs Xoponrne HX. B3a11MOOTHOllIeHM5I l'pe6YIOT 6aJIaHCa Me}f{,ll;Y OC03HaHHeM CJIe}f{HBaHHeM HX np05IBJIeHH5I Y ztpyrnx OHM raroxe nee '-IYBCTBa cpasy, BhIKJIIOqHTb ~pyrHe «I136eraIOrn;aH npHB5I3aHHOCTb». ztern, pO,ll;Hl'eJII1KOTOPhIX He CTOJIb rrOCT05IHHhI B CBOIfX peaKU;I1JIX na qyBCTBa c06CTBeHHoro mroraa np05IB- 03a60qeHhI HMI1, nnorzra ~ poznrreneii,: 'IT06bI HaH nporineraa B OTHOllIeHH5IX CB5I3H. OHH see BpeMJI ztepxcar CBOH qYBCTBa 6JIH3KO nozt He06xo,ll;HMOCTH nOBepXliOCThIO, n03BOJI5IJI IfM 6ypJIHTh qYTh B CTopOHe zto perYJIHpOBaHH5I TaKI1X Ka.K rnes TaK Ha3hIBaeMhIX HeraTHBHhIX Toro qYBCTB, MOMeHTa, xorzta, 06paTHTh 11Bpa}f{,lI;e6HOC:Th. ECJII1 MaTh He aaysn- • JIaCb KOltlrpOPTI-IO CnpaBJI5ITbC5IC3TI1MI1 qYBCTBaMI1, eM6y~ nOMOm;H B perYJIl1pOBaHl1If zrer HenpOCTO BhIHOCI1Th I1X np05IBJIeHI1e Y petiemca; BMeCTO 'roro MO}f{eT omymars CI1JIhHbIH crpecc «3aTKHlich! . OHI1 see BpeMJI IiaXO,ll;JITCJIB CO- CTOHHl1If qpe3MepHoro OC03HaI-Il1H c06CTBeHHhIX CTpaXOB If HY)K,ll;, qTO MO}f{eT npI1BeCTH K IIO,ll;PhIBY If X I-Ie3a.BI1CH- He cMeH ce65I TaK BeCl'I1 co MOC'fI1. Ha caMOM ztene 3TO MO}f{eT 6hITb IfMeHHO TeM ,qTO' rrO,ll;C03HaTeJIbHO»cenaer rpOKYC He IIpOM,lI;eT!» I1x ,lI;eTH HayqaTC5I TOMY, qTO TaKHe JIhle JIIO,lI;I1 raxoro nOJIBJIeHHJI, H36eraTb npa ce6e, OTpH~aTh HX rrp05IBJIeHIfH, rYT paCCTpOHTh HJIH pa303JIHTb B HX MaTh. pe3YJIbTaTe pe6eHOK TPOJIHpOBaTb . pO,ll;I1TeJIJI,aaruamas . can rpaKT HX TaK KaK OHIf MO- . OHa He 110MO}f{eT HH Crrpa13I1ThC5IC HHMIf, If X C pe6eHKOM. qyBCTB .w..,n;aThe npHXO,ll;I1TCJI. n nO,z:J;aBJI5Il'b I1X, OHH BhI6l1paIOT crpa- MHOM!» I1JII1 «TbI MaJIeHhKI1M ,ll;bJIBOJIeHoK! Co ltIHOM3TOT qYBCTBa naao ztepacari, nOHI1MaIOT , qTO KaK MaTh I1JII1 OTe~ . 5ICb B HI1X. '{aCTO lI[O}f{HO cnsnuars, na pefiemca: He paaonpa- OHH raioxe rOTOB TerI1IO npeyaemrsenaa; 11,ll;I1CKOMrpOPT11}f{e- JIaTb If36aBI1ThC5I OT 3'fI1X. qYBCTB rrocxopee, oper OHa 06paTHOH KaK HM K3)I{eTCJI, poznrrens na HHX BHHMaHIfe. q'r06hI nOJIyqeHH5I. BhI- ,ll;pyrHMl'I JIIO,lI;hMH. [lO}f{aJIYM, HaH60JIee pacnpocrpanen- pO,ll;I1TeJIbCKO-,lI;eTCI{HX., 03I-IHKaeT rrpa B napnanr HX, - HaHTH B OTHOIIIeI-IH5IX, oc06eHHO OnTI1MaJIbHhIM - petiemca lifHOpI1PYIOT HJ)K,ll;eHhI OTCJIe}f{I1BaTh nacrpoenne asrpaacenna HO peznco TaKoM TI1II rrpHBJI3aHHOCTI1 If3Be- CTeH noz; Ha3BaHIfeM JIIO,ll;eM. qYBC1'B B MOMeHThI HX B03- CnpaBI1ThCJI. OH nhITaeTC5I no- qYBCTB H OT- . 3aBHC5I'f OT cnoc06HOCT11 'reprrers JIeI-IH5I HenpH5ITHhIX 110HIfMaeT, qTO HeT HIfKaKOH B 3TOM npeycnesaer. Ha3BaTh paayxrnoro coficrnennsrx I{OMrpopTHoro. ,lI;aBHTb If x, 110MOqh KaKHMH-TO crro- H.7II1,lI;a}f{e 0603HaqHTh, B BOCCTaHOBJIeHHli 'ror-o qT06hI MO}f{HOCTH C qYBcTBaMH • c06aMH noraoun, COCT05II-IHJI,pe6eHOK eM MO)KeT 6bITh KpaMHe CJIO}f{HO 3aMeT11Th rrp05IBJIeI-I11e qYBCTB Y petienxa, Bsrecro HaXO,ll;IfTC5IB CMJITeHIfli. 45 Pa3YMeeTCJI, HH 06CY,ll;HTh BbIHY}f{,lI;eH KOH- ero OT CBOHX qYBCTB. Ho ,lI;eTCKHe qYBCTBa npn. 3TOM ne IfCqe3aIOT. I1cCJIe,ll;O- • BaTeJIH B 06JIaCTH npHB5I3aHHOCTIf OTMeqaIOT, qTO ,ll;eTH B TaKHX CeMhJIX yqaTC5I BhlrJIJI,ll;eTh cnOKOMHhIMIf 3a60THbIMH, HO rrpH, H3MepeHHI1 HX cepnexaoro H nepsnoro B036Y}f{,lI;eHHJI nOKa3aTeJIH If 6e3pHTMa 3aIIIKaJII1BaJII1. .B ce6e, pO,ll;I1TeJIb, TaK I{aK qaCTO B3pOC- TI1na CrrpaBJIJI'IO'I'C5I HeYBepeHHOCThIO C CTapaJICh 6hITh qpe3BbIqaMHO JIIO,ll;JIM. I1x nerrpeacxaayenoe HY}f{HhIMH ,lI;pyrHM noaenenne rrpnsoznrr K TOMY, qTO ,lI;eTCKOeBHHMaHl'Ie scerzta rrOJIHOCThIOK HI1M rrpI1KOBaHO. I1JIH OHI1 MorYT 6bITb HaCTOJIhKO 03a60qeHbI coqcTBeHIlbIMI1 qYBCTBaMH, HaXO,ll;JIIIJ;HMI1CJI xaoce, B qTO rrpOCTO He B COCTOHHHI1aasre-rars HX Y ztpyrnx ~eTH rpOPMI1PYIOT 'rare na- C pO,ll;HTeJIJIMH rarcoro rnna JIIO,ll;eM. 3hIBaeMYIO TpeBO}f{HYIO RJIH aM6I1BaJIeHTHYIO rrpI1BJI3aHHOCTh. Pe6eHOK, norpyxceaasni . B O,ll;I1H 113OrrHCaI-IHhIX THrrOB rrpHBJI3aHHOCTeM, 6Y,ll;eT I1MeTh 60JIee cJIa60e ornymemre
  • 24. , CblO fEPXAPDT 46 KAK nlO50Bb (J)OPMVlPYET03f PE5 HKA? M E caMOCTIf, qeM pe6eHOK, ' npHB513aHHbIH: 60JIee 3AOPOBbIM . 06pa30M, no npn-rane HH51 OnTllMaJIbHOrO 'roro, ,COCT051HIfe.3TO HOpMaJIbHbli:'I U;HKJIpa60TbI 'ITO eMY He XBaTaeT nOHHMa- 47 CHMnaTHqe- CKOH:II napaCHMnaTHqeCKOH: HepBHOH: CHCTeMbI. Ho eCJIH YPOBHR «coI.J;H06HOJIOrll "IeCKOH: 06- B036Y)K,n;eHHe He CH51TO, TOT U;HKJIMO)KeT 6bITb paaopsan. 3 paTHOH: CB513H».POAHTeJIb He cxror npeAOCTaBIfTb TaKOMY B cay-rae H36eraIOru;ero THna TOPM0351ru;aR CHCTeMa MO)KeT pe6eHKY 6bITb aanymeaa ,n;OCTaTOl.IHoe KOJIHqeCTBO HH<popMaU;HH 0 ero c06CTBeHHbIX, ,n;eTCKHX, qyBCTBax, qT06bI ztari, pe6eHKY Ha060poT, nonepx H36eraHHe, MexaHH3Ma «oTnycKaHH51 >' 'HJIH, 3aTOpMO)KeHHOe (napacmrnarn- ~ MexaHH3M, n03BOJI51IOII~HHYBepeHHO anrepnpernpoaart, qeCKoe) COCT051HHeMO)KeT 6bITb 3a,n;aBJIeHOCHMnaTHqe- =ryacrna CKOH:cHcTeMoM C Tpe60BaHHeM aroro H nocryrnor CBOH H zrpyrnx JIIO,n;eH:.BMeCTO pe6eHOK MO)KeT CTapaTbCR 3aru;HTHTb marxoe menne ce651 KaK JIHqHOCTH, H36eraR zrpyrnx omy- «aeaasepureaasre B CHzyaU;H51X ony6JIHKOBaHO), HeYBepeHHOCTH B ce6e (H36eraIOru;HH: THn) HJIH, Ha060- nsrraacs pOT, u;enJI51HCb zrpyrnx, aa KJIHK (TpeBO)KHbIH: THn) (¢oHarIf, noaepxnocrnoe 2003). mae aapynreana. Euie O,n;HH THn npHB513aHHOCTH 6bW onacan He,n;aBHO- qYBcTBa qaCTO caMH pl),n;HTeJIHHe CMOrJIHnpopafiorars KHe KaK T5l)KeJIaRyrpara llCnOJIHeHHe po,n;HTeJIbCKHX 06513aHHOCTeH:no aannrre HMMYHHble IDIH rOpMOHaJIb- TaK, cepaesao-cocyzracras CHCTeMa 6y- nozrannensr (Tpocc H .1IeBeHCOI-I, 1997). B CHCTe- OIIIeJIOMHB- HJIH )KeCTOKOe oripamenae. He B COCT051HHH oriecne-mrr, ztstxanae, cansrx petienxa rrOTOI( 3MOijJilM OHH 6a30BbIX CHMrraTHlJ:eCKaR H C03- H rrapaCHMrraTllqeCKaR HH3Ma. Ho qeJIOBeqeCKHM opraaaasr HO HCCJIe,n;OBaTbMHp. I1x ziera rHX CHCTeM, Ka)K,ll;aR H3 KOTOPblX rrynscnpyer He TOJIbKO HcnbITbIBaIOT He,n;OCTa.TOK nCHXOJIOrHqeCKOH:06paTHOH: CB513H, HO H HC.' , nbITbIBaIOT crpax H HeYBepeHHOCTb B TOM, KaK ynpaanars c06CTBeHHbIMH qYBCTBaMH B YCJIOBH51X raxoro Bee ro c06cTBeHHoM ecrecrseaasre pHTMe: COCTOHTH H3 B CBoeM '. .CHa, ,n;bIxaHHe. H BbI,n;eJIHTeJIbHble CHCTeMbI ,n;aBJIeHH51. zrpy- KpOB51HOe AaBJIeHHe, MexaHH3Mbl . ace OHH npaaanan pa60TbI onaoapesrenHO, rrepezraaaa ztpyr zrpyry H M03ry pasmonrsre CHrHaJIbI (Berinep, 1989); BHYTpeHHR51 CHM<pOHHRCMeH51IOIu;HXCH CJIe,n;YIOT ·c06cTBeHHbIM 3TH THnbI ,n;llC<pyHKU;HOHaJIbHOrO po,n;HTeJIbCKO- OTHOIIIeHHR ' napymaror CHCTeMbI npe,n;CTaBJIRIOTTOJIbKO zrse H3 BHYTpeHI-IHX CHCTeM opra- ,n;aHHIO30HbI 6e30naCHOCTH, H3 KOTOPOH:MO)KHO CnOKOH:- • 33)KHMbl, Oxem, IIIHe HX B csoe BpeM51TpaBMaTHqeCKHe nepe)KHBaHHR, ra.. TaKHM KaK MblIIIeqHble . Max Ha'IaJIa H HeT HHKaKOH: B03MO)KHOCTH COrJIaCOBaHHyIO 3aru;HTHYIO n03HU;HIO. K IIe6JIaronpHRTHbIM opranasna B03HHKaIOT 3aBHXpeHHR TaM , rzte 3MOU;HH ,n;OJI)KHbl bITb yperynnpoaansr rrpOCTO H OAI-I03HaqHO. 6 <popMHPyeTC51B 'rex CeMb51X,rzte MI-IOrO ncero nerrpanans- asrpariorars MOfYT npasecrn zter oCTaBaTbC51B B036J)K,ll;eHHOl1 COCTORHHH,zrasce ecnn ero Ha3BaJIH «,n;e30praHH30BaHHOH:» npHB513aHOcTbIO. OHa HO H,ll;eT C caxroro TaKHe U;HKJIbI», no MHeHHIO P03 K3ppOJIJI (He- COCTORHHHM opraaaaua, nOJIY'IHTb 60JIbIIIHH: OT- «npoztozoxairre!». pHTMbI TeJIa. B HOPMaJIbHOM COCT051HHH <p1l3HOJIOrHqeCKOeB036),)K,n;e- U;HKJIOBTOpMO)KeHHR H B036J)K,n;eHHH casrooprannsyerca HHe, BbI3BaHHoe KaKHMH-JIH60 HHTeHCHBHbIMH 3MOU;HO- 6JIaro,n;apR MexaHH3MY o6paTHOH: CB.H3H,BJIHRHHe CHCTeM HaJIbHbIMH nepe)KHBaHHRMH, ,n;OJI)KHO BbWHTbC51B xarcoe- zrpyr TO ,n;eH:CTBHe, 3aTeM, npou;ecc .B3aHMHoro opranaaxr KaK TOJIbKO qYBCTBO Bblp3)KeHO, ycrroxauaaerca ~ na ztpyra B3aHMHo, 6JIaro,n;ap51qeMY nOCT051HHOnzter npacnocorinenaa . . KrreTKH H opra- H B03Bparu;aeTCR B cnOKOHHoe • •• .
  • 25. KAK nlO50Bb ~OPMV1PYETM03i PE5EHKA? CblO iEPXAPDT 48 HhI perynnpyro'r KaK. CBOIO co6cTBeHHYIO TaK M ,lI;eHTeJIhHOCTh zrpyr ztpyra, CBOH CPYHKU;HH, HO pa60TalOT Ilpnraepno ,n;eHTeJIhHOC~h, Y Ka)K,lI;OrO H3 HI-IX ecrs OHH KaK e,1l;HHOe uenoe, TaKOH xce HBJIHeTCH ,lI;eHTeJIhHOCTh OT,lI;eJIhHO- ro qeJIOBeKa B pasncax CH ,lI;Oonpe,ll;eJIeHHOn COIJ;HaJIhHOH CHCTeMhI. MhI yqHMcrenenn 3TOM MhI HyE,Il;aeMCH B zrpyrax COCTOHHMHMH csoero ynpaanart. co6on, JIIO,1l;HX, To6hI q TeJIa H C03HaHlliI. HO npn nepeHOCHTh pa30M, 30M. OXBaTbIBaIOID;Me HX qYBCTBa M, TaKMM 06- He MoryT B pearnpoaars 6hICTPO CTpeMHTCH M36aBMTbCH ~eTM, CCPOpMMpOBaBillMe H36eraIOru;l1n CTH, CKJIOHHhI aBTOMaTMqeCKl'I cpasy . B MOMeH"r B03Hl1KHOBelil1H ynpaanari. TaKHM 06pa30M qeJIOBeK IIpHCIIOCa6JIMBaeTCH K )KH3HH B CHCTeMe, qaCTbIO na HMX ,Il;OJI)KHhIM o6pa- CMJIY CBOMX 3MOU;MOHaJIhHhIX ocotiennocreit CJIMIiIKOM TMn npHBH3aHHO- l'OPM03MTh 3MOU;Ml1 Cl1JIhHOrO qYBCTBa, qTo6hI He npl1IIIJIOCb pa36HpaTbCH CrrpaBJIHThCH. ~eTM KOTOPOH HBJIHeTCH. 3TOT MexaHH3M pafioraer IIOTOMY, 'ITO HHcpopMaU;HH co6CTBeHHhIX C aM6MBaJIeHTHOn qYBCTB 6e30 npMBH3aHHOCThIO CHC"reMaX BO ncex CHCTeMax oprannswa, H BHeIIIHHX, H BHyTpeHHHX rHMH JIIOAhMH, C03,l1;aBaH YCJIOBHH,lI;mI anarrrarran recnsre ID;HM YCJIOBlliIM. HaIIIH HaM60JIee ztpy- 06pa30BaHHbIX K rexy- B3aHMOOTHOIIIe- ztpyrnx B Cl1JIbHOe JIIO,Il;eMM na TO, KaK nsrpaacenae rrOBJIMHTh na ,Il;pyrMX. (~eTM C eme TMnaMM npl1BH3aHHOCTM CKJIOHHhI ace BpeMH KOJIe6aThCH Me)K,Il;y 3TMMM ,Il;ByMH CTpaTerMHMl1.) B JII060M OHH OTpe3aIOT ce6e rryrs 3MOU;I'IOHaJIhHOH HHcpopMaU;Men 110 CBoeM COCTOHHHM,M 0 COCTOHHMM ztpyrnx HH Q)HJI,l1, a3BaJIa H «IICHXo6HOJIOrHqeCKOH (<PHJI,l1"1985). 3Ta cnocooaocrs THcpcpa- HaCTpOHKon» BOCllpHHHMaTh COCTOH- . HMe zrpyroro qeJIOBeKa CTHM rrpMcrroca6JIHBaTbCH rr03BOJIHeT OTf];eJlbHhIM JIMqHOK nOTpe6HOCTHM EOJIee cpOpMaJIbHble (llJIM MeHee nna crpaaaror zipyr ztpyra. nanaacemuae) OTHOIIIe- OT Hef];OCTaTKa TaKOrO 6bICTpOrO OTKJIMKa, B pe3YJIbTaTe rrpMcnoco6JIeHMe Tpe6yeT qYBCTB MO)KeT 60JIee HeHaf];e)KHhIMl1 HHH B )KH3HH KOMCPOPTHbI 6JIarO,l1,apH 6bICTPOMY 06MeHY . TOMY, 'ITO nsrpaaceane BCHKon OrJIHf];KM na qYBCTBa v CBo60,l1,HOxypcapyer MM C TeM, C qelVI OHM He YMeIOT rOTOBbI C rOJIOBOM norpY3MThCH • OHM OT qYBCTB. v v 49 K 3MOU;MOHaJIhHOn MHcpopMaU;MM nee y Hl1X CllJIhHO cyacaerca cnercrp JIIO,ll;en, a 6e3 rrOBe,ll;eHQeCKMX B03- MO)KHOCTeH. OHM B caMOM zrene HcnhIThIBaIOT aarpyztaenna rMqeCKMe) cnyxae, cepsesnsre B TOM, KaK CKOOP,ll;MHMpOBaThCBOM (6MOJIOnOTpe6HOCTM C MX (COU;MaJIhHbIM) orcpyacena- eM M KaK 06MeHMBaTbCH 3MOIJ;MOHaJIhHOn MHcpopMal~Men C ,Il;pyrHMM JIIO,Il;hMMC nOJIh30n ,Il;JIH ncex CTOpOH. 3TH 60JIbIIIMX YCllJIMn 3MOU;HOHaJIhHhle OC06eHI-IOCTM cpOPMMPYIOTCH v 11OKa3bIBaeTCH 60JIee TPY,ll;HbIM. Ho JIMqHOCTHTaIOKe MOryT B MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe BO B3aHMO,ll;eMCTBl1H C caMhIMH 6hITh B pa3HOH CTeneHI1 HaCTpOeHhI na nocnpaarne nepnu- MH C06CTBeHHbIX BHyTpeHHMX COCTOHHMn.I13MoU;HOHaJIbHaH, • naprnepaua, 06hlqHO HaIlIHMM pO,1l;HTeJIHMH,H 6hITh ouenensr Y)Ke B sospacre 1rozta. Kpoxre roro, M CPM3MOJIOrMqeCKaH naronorns TeJIH caMH HBJIHIOTCHqaCThIO COU;HaJIhHhIX CHCTeM, H 3TH CBOHX MO)KeT B03HHKHyTh B CJIy- -rae, ecnn MH<popMaU;lliI He MO)KeT CBo60,ll;HO KYPCHpOBaTh no 3JIeKTpHqeCKHM -repea M03r H ztpyrne M XHMMqeCKHM KaHaJIaM • opraanaera CMCTeMbI. 3MOU;MOHaJIbHble CMrHaJIbI . BHeIIIHHe COU;MaJIhHhIe CllJIhI TaIOKe MOryT csrrpart- xroryr PO,1l;H- CBOIO . POJIh B CPOpMHpOBaHHH HCKmKeHHhIX 06pa3U;OB 3MOI~HOHaJIhHOn perynanau. Korzta 06ID;eCTBO CcpoeycHpoBaHO v Heo6xo,ll;HMbI HaM, qTo6bI nam opranaasr Kon cnoco6 Mor onemrrs, rca- ,Il;enCTBlliI HBmIeTCH OrrTMMaJIhHhIM • na C03,l1;aHHHCBOHX npOH3BOMID;HX MOID;HOCTeH, KaK 3TO 6hlJIO B XIX npoirra COU;HaJIH3aU;HIOB YCJIOBHHXCPOpMHpoBaHHH JIHq- sexe, HeKOTOpaH qaCTh MJIa,1l;eHu;eB,l1,OJI)KHa • lIeTM. • I ~ xoronsre . He CMOrJIM CCPOpMMpOBaTb naneac- ~ nste CTpaTerMM ,Il;JIHonepnpoaaaaa v 3MOU;MHMM, He MOryT HOCTeH C BbICOKHM yposnen caMoKOHTPOmI H oTpHu;aHHH
  • 26. KAK DI050Bb CDOPMV1PYET rvl03i PE5EHKA? CblO iEPXAPD1- 50 , qYBCTB. <ppell,ll;H3M, B03MO)KHO, 6hm nonsrrxoa nepecsso- . TpeTb Hall60JIee I-IeYMepeHHhle TeH,lI;eHIJ;HH aroro rrpouec- ca , TeM He MeHee HaCTaHBaH na Ba)KHOCTH caMOKOHTPOJIH. B rrpOTl1BHOM czryaae, xorzra 3KOHOMllKe Tpe6yIOTCH norpefiirrena, otiypeaaesrsre ,lI;aBJIeHHe MO)KeT 6hITb )KeJIaHHHMH, COIJ;HaJIhHOe aanpaaneao XO)K,lI;eHHe ,lI;eTHM B npouecce K HHe pO,ll;llTeJIhCKllX Tpe60BaHHll na 60JIhIIIee CHHC- COIJ;llaJIH3aIJ;Hll,na cmoxeH O)KI1,ll;aHHllOT pefiemca. 3Tll COP;HaJIhHhlerr03hIBhI, TeM He MeHee, He MOryr 6hITb crporo perJIaMeHTl1pOBaHhI, qTO paamre amopaponari, ronozt, TO MO)KHO OT Hero yxrepert.. ECJIl1 ., HrHOpl1pOBaTh CBOl1 rnes, TO 'raoe COIJ;l1aJIhHOerrOJIO- »cenae . rnen, He oripamas npa 3TOM eCJIl1 nsrpaacars BHllMaHllH na TO, KaK 3TO nupaacenae npnnarars YCllJIllH ,lI;JIH yperYJIl1pOBaHHR COIJ;HaJIhHaHCHCTeMa repaer npopsm pannonecne COIJ;HaJIhHO neoztofipaeworo Cl1TyaIJ;Hl1, TO H rrpOHCXO,ll;l1T nonenenna. BHHMaHHe K qYBCTBaM RBJIReTCR )Klf3HeHHO neofixo- ,lI;l1MhIM. ECJIl1 OHH BOCnpllHllMaIOTCH KaK onacnsre BO nee 3rrOXH. e,ll;l1HCTBeHHaHB03MO)KHOCTh ynpaanenna THBHOM cnyxae, QYBCTBA I(AI( CMfHAllbI rexe KOHTPOJIRHJIll ero HeXBaTKll. l1CrrOJIh30BaTh qYBCTBa B rcaxecrae PyIOru;HX 0 neofixozmjaocra XO,ll;HMbIX,lI;JIR'roro, qTo6hI rrO,ll;,lI;ep)KaTb B3allMOOTHOIIIe- OT zrpyra, YJIbI6Kll I'nen H H pe6eHKY csacrnanue BhI)KllBaHHIO qTo6hI no- ztpyr MJIa,ll;eHIJ;a. ~ MOMeliThI CJIY)KaT TOll xce IJ;eJIH. rpetiyronree JIIO,ll;ll otipamaror OHH B 60JIbIIIell rroaezteane CpOqHOrO BHHMaHHH. BHllMaHlle crenenn na TaKHe CHrHaJIhI, CKJIOHHhI xoppexraponars B COOTBeTCTBHHCO CBOHMH HY)K,ll;aMH H HY)K,ll;aMH ,ll;pyrHX. KaK H 60JIee npocrsre xecxae . ona MaTb CBH,ll;eTeJIhCTByeT0 TOM, qTO ecrs KaKoe-TO cepses- Korzta cnoe ,ll;JIH Toro, HaXO,ll;HThCHrr06JIH30CTH qTO crrocoocrsyer Hoe He6JIarorrOJIyqHe, , B03HHKaIOru;ee, xorna aa KOMH3_ThI, Tpe6yeTcH MOqh MaTepll CllrHaJIOB, l1H<P0PMH- ,ll;ellCTBllH, B qaCTHOCTHneoo- HHH: BecrrOKOllCTBO pefiemca, nsrxoztar OHa 0 TOM, KaK CHrHaJIbI )Ka)K,ll;hI, ronozra <pH3HOJIOrll- HJIH YCTaJIOCTH, MOTHBHPYIOT K ,ll;ellCTBHIO, Heo6xo,ll;HMOMY,ll;JIH nozt- ,ll;ep)KaHHH opranaana B OrrTllMaJIhHOM COCTOHHHll. ECJIll B Irpo- eCJIHKa)K,ll;hIll HMnyJIbC 6Y,ll;eTnoomprm- CR, OTHOIIIeHllR C,lI;pyrHMH cranyr He OTHOCllT- spa- COCT()HTB OKa3atIl1H COIJ;HaJIhHOrO ,lI;aBJIeHl1R YCTpaIIIeHlll1. H 3MOIJ;ll0HaJIhHaH peryJIRIJ;HH B npnmnme CBOll BJIllHeT na OKpJ)KaIOru;l1X, He 3aMeqaTh HX CHrHaJIhI 11He rr03TOMY MO)KHO CKa3aTh, TeqeHllH cocyntecraytor MO)KeT YXY,lI;II1l1ThCH CH113HTCH 11 II1aHChI na ero BOCCTaHOBJIeHl1e. Ho ra, CH K 51 TOJIhKOCpe,ll;CTBOM ,lI;JIH BhIXO,ll;aco6CTBeHHhIX 3MOIJ;Hll. Ho B cnyxae, ecnn K qYB- CTBaM OTHOCHThCR KaK K BhI3hIBaIOru;HM YBa)KeHHe opnen- rnpaa, B03HllKaeT ztpyraa zrpyrax TaK xce Ba)KHhI, KaK H CBOH,a Ka)K,lI;hIM qneH o6ru;e- CTBa nonysaer xynsrypa, B KOTOPOll qYBCTBa MOTllB ,lI;JIR OTKJIllKa. COBepIIIeHHO roe OTHOIIIeHHe B03I-Il1KaeT K rHeBY H eCJIH c-nrraerca, qTO OHH Moryr xorzta JIIO,ll;H,HX ncmrrunaroutae arpeccmr aaunnneamnt, B cnysae, 6hITh ynpaanaerasnra, H nsrpaxcaioume, 6hITh YCJIhlIIIaHhI H rrOHRThI. OHH xroryr ,ll;JIR rroziaepacaaaa zrpy- MOryr HCrrOJIh30Ba'fhCR B3al1MOOTHOIIIeHllll. 3MOIJ;ll0HaJIhHO YCTOllqHBhIll qeJIOBeK necer B ce6e 6a30- BYIO YBepeHHOCTh B l'OM, qTO OH 6Y,lI;eTYCJIhlIIIaH, H 3TO 06JIerQaeT eMY aaztaxy nayrpennero peHHOCTh B ztpyrnx MaTh BMeCTOroro, eCJIH arpeccna KOHTPOJIR.3Ta yse- rr03BOJIReT eMY rrO,ll;O)K,ll;aTh noztyH qTo6hI ,ll;eMCTBOBaTh HMnYJIhCHBHO. Ho 11men raoyaponansr, B YCJIOBHH, xorzta nanproserrae JIHqHOCTh rrorraztaer He nonysaer HllKaKHX B03- ~ MO)KHOCTeH ,lI;JIR asrxona, IIpHHy)K,lI;aH onnparsca TOJIbKO na 60R3Hh peaKIJ;HH ,lI;pyrHX, qTo6hI He B30pBaThCR. 3TO COMHHTeJIhHaH crparerna, KOTOPaH MO)KeT OKa3aThCH
  • 27. • .• 52 . KAK nlO50Bb (])OPMV1PYET 03i PE5EHKA? M CblO iEPXAPD1' HeY,ll;aqHOM, npnsozta BpeM5I OT apexrena noro K neynpannae- B3aHMHoro noseztenmo paspymenaro II O,ll;HOrOqeJIOBeKa K B3allMOOTHOIlleHllll. ~ coficrnenmae "ITO II nanm , 6bI noaaepacars . DH6, 6Y,ll;y"IH HCCJIe. pacxpsmaenrscx, H 51H3MeH5IIO Te6H COCTOHHllH, ,ll;AAToro qTO- B TO BpeM5I, KaK 51paCKpbIBaIOCb, H TbI H3MeH51eIIIb MeH5I» OT KOTOPbIX MbI 3a:SllCHM. (.6H6, . 're ornoureanx, M.JIa,ll;eHU;bI,ll;eJIaIOT3TO C canoro nanana sanesaa . .OrrHCaJIa 3TO TaK: «TbI OTCJIe)KllBaTb COCTOHHllH ,ll;pyrllX JIIO,ll;ell B TOll )Ke creneHll ztpyroxry . Bearpnc OT .,ll;OBaTeJIeMB 06JIaCTH MJIa,ll;eH"IeCTBa II ncaxorepanesrosr, .6Y,ll;y"Ill COU;llaJIbHbIMll cyru;eCTBaMll, HaM Heo6xo,ll;llMO ~ nepeziaromerocs BJIllHHHH, nee BpeMH ~ MOMY 53 • ~ CBoeH )KH3HH . 2002). B cnezryromeii rnane H nO,ll;p06HO OIIHIIIY TO, KaK caM M03r OKa3bIBaeTCH 06'beKTOM 3THX BJIllHHHM. ~ Bblpa)KeHHH JIHU;, TOH rOJIOca, 6,ll;HTeJIbHbI H qyTKH no OTHOllielIHIO OHH xpaaae K ,ll;pyrl1M JIIO,ll;HM, 3TO CBOMCTBeHHO ztaxce HOBopO)K,ll;eHHbIM. ECJIH BbI noHa6JIIO,ll;aeTe aa MJIa,ll;eHu;eM Hero pO,ll;HTeJIeM, TO YBH,ll;H- re llMnpOBH3HpOBaHHbIH cBoeo6pa3HbIM C03J_AHME'M03fA xorna OHH no osrepenn ranen , ,ll;HaJIOr, BbICOBbIBaIOT H3bIKH MJIH npOH3- HOCHT 3BYKH. n03)Ke ztern, 06peTM . . cPopMa 6031iUKaem 6 ycnel11HOM 63aUMoOeUcm6UU. ClO3aH 051Ma caMOCTOHTeJIbHOCTb . • • II Mo6MJIbHOCTb, nOCTOHHHO 06parn;aIOTCH K PO,ll;HTeJIHM, oTCJie)KHBM asrpaacenae ~ v HX JIHU;C U;eJIbIOHaHTH HJ)KHbIH CHrHaJI: CTOHTJIH rrorporars coriaxy, fIEPBMlfHbIM M03f KOTOPM TOJIbKO."ITO BOIllJIa B KOMHazy? I1JIH YJIbI6HyTbCH He3HaKOMU;Y? <pHrypa qeJIOBeKa, K KOTOPOMY pe6eHOK C<pOpMHpOBaJIrrpHB51v Ilpexpacaoe v secennee yTpo. MOM I(OT pa3BaJIH.JlCHna v KaMeHHOH CKaMeHKe na COJIHu;enOCJIe aaarparca, IlOT51rH- v 3aHHOCTb, CTaHOBHTCH OTnpaBHOH TOqKOH, HCTOqHHKOM BMCh C 51BHhIM Y,ll;OBOJIhCTBHeM.3TO KapTHHa roro, COU;HaJIbHOrO3HaHllH. 3MOU;HOHaJIbHaH )KH3Hb B 60JIbmeM crenean npexpacno ~ v v COCTO- v cynrecraosaaaa HT H3 KOOP,ll;HHHpOBaHllH HaIIIHX ,ll;eHCTBHH C ,ll;eHCTBHH- noaayxa ztpyr ztpyra 60JIhIIIM MH ,ll;pyrHX =tepes BHHMaHHe K HaCTpOeHH51M H nocrpoerrne . rosopars rrpe,ll;nOJIO)KeHHM 0 TOM, "ITO JIIO,ll;H6y,ll;yT H KaK 6y,ll;yT ,ll;eMCTBOBaTb. Korzta MbI o6parn;aeM rrpHCTaJIbHOe BHHMaHHe na KorO-TO, y Hac C HHM aKTHBH• PYIOTCH O,ll;HHH re )Ke HeMpOHbI B M03re; ,ll;eTH, xoropsre npocro )KHTh, MOMeHT, xoraa OC03HaHllH <paKTa . H "IYBCTBeHHOrO Y,ll;OBOJIhCTBHH COJIHu;a, OT H nOJIHOrO )KeJIY,ll;KaBrrOJIHe ,ll;OCTaTO'IHO.Ho eCJIH cofiaxa aanrautars csoe napyr rrO.HBHTCH aenozranexy, KOT 6Y,ll;eT «6JIarOrrOJIY'IHe», cIIp1IrHYB co cKaMeM- cofiaxa sztpyr aaztener ero, KH H cIIpHTaBIIIHch, MJIH, eCJIH BbIrHeT CIIHHY H 3aIIIHrrHT, ' rrO,ll;H5IBmepcrs na aarpasxe, 'ITo6hI OTIIyrHyTh co6aey. AHaJIOrHqHO, eCJIH MJKH ronozta Ha6JIIO,ll;aIOT CqaCTJIHBbIX JIIO,ll;eM,,ll;eMOHCTpHpO.BaJIHYBe- 3aCTaBHT. ero HCKaTh rrpOIIHTaHHe, JIHqHBaIOrn;YIOCH M03rOBYIO aKTHBHOCTb B JIeBOM <pPOH- BOCCTaHOBHThcnoe «6JIarOIIOJIY'IHe», IIOMMaB MbIIlley npefisraan B arraoopepe (.lI:eBH,ll;COH <POKC, 1982). 3TOT MexaH TaJIbliOM 30He M03ra; nexann, B npasoii 're )Ke, KTO nonemcy, Y Hero. MJIH cpezcrs OH 6Y,ll;eT CTpeMHThCH crenena paaztenrrrs COCTOHHHe,ll;pyr ,ll;pyra. MbI MO)KeM OTKJIHKaTbCH na qYBCTBa zrpyr zrpyra. Bee 3TO sartycxaer MexafiH3MbI rrOCTOHH- U;eJIhIMcnexrp MJIH MO)KeT He 6hITb CJIO)KHoro caMOC03HaHHH Bep6aJIbHOM KOMM)'HHKaU;HH, HO y Hero ecrr, v HH3M n03BOAAeT HaM B orrpeneneanoa KaK 6a30BhIX "IYBCTBH peaxmrii, AAIOT ero IIOBe,ll;eHHeM H 06eCne'IHBaIOT xoropsre ynpas- ero BhI)KHBaHHe.
  • 28. KAK nKl50Bb CbKliEPXAPUT 54 3TOT TOT yponens, CKHe cymecraa. C KOTopOrO HaqHHaIOT H xenoaexe - Y HaC O,ll;HHaKOBoe C ,ll;pyrllMH MJIeKOrrllv v TalOm;HMH YCTPOHCTBOTOll qaCTll M03ra, xoropoe OTBeT- HHMH CHCTeMaMH; aztarrramra KOTOPaJI BO MHorOM <D OPMV1PYET M03i PE5EHKA? xce K BHeIllHllM 55 YCJIOBll5IM, yrrpaBJIJIeTC5I finaroztapa 3MOU;IIO- , HaJIbHbIM OTKJIIIKaM, cneztyer rrOTOM. AKTHBHbIH lVIJIa,ll;ev CTBeHHO sa Bbl)KHBaHlle. Y HOBOpO)K,ll;eHHOrO ecrs 6a30BaJI nen CTpeMHTC5I K B3aIIMO,ll;eHCTBMIOC ztpyrnem sepcaa OTBOpaqHBaeTC5I, rcorzta ero rreperrOJIH5IIOT BrreqaTJIeHIIJI, 3TOH C HCTeMhI: ¢yHKU;HOHllpymrn;aJI HepBHaJI CH- yxce ztsrxanne, 3pllTeJIbHaJI cacreraa, rr03BOJI5IlOrn;aJIOTCJIe)KllBaTb nepenemenaa BOKPyr Hero aasrapaer, II BH,ll;eTb JIHu;a, ecmr OHM ,ll;OC'raTOqHO6JIll3KO , naxans- HaIllHM rrepBbIM II OCHOBHbIM lIo6Y,ll;llTeJIeM K ,ll;eHCTBllIO: Hoe rrpHMHTllBHOe C03HaHIIe , xoropoe OHH ,lI;aIOT3HaTb, CTOHT JIM aarrpaanrsca CTeMa, otiecne-raaaiomaa , KOHu;eHTpHpyeTC5I B CTBOJIel'OJIOBHOrO M03ra II rr03BOJI5IeT pearaponart. na , omymenas II onennaars nx CTOqKH apemta BbI)KllBaHll5I. Y MJIa,ll;eHu;a ecrs TaK)Ke HeCKOJIbKO6a30BhIX pe¢JIeKCOB, V V V xorzra qYBCTByeT onacnocrs: JIIO,ll;hMH, y Hero v saxarxa 3MOU;Hll II caraoperynanarr. 3MOU;llM ' 5IBJIJIIOTCH ' , K KaKllM-TO Be- rn;aM HJ1ll HyEHO ll36e)KaTb KOHTaKTa C HHMH. YXO,ll; OT OliaCHOCTll, B03MO)KHO, nanoonee Ma5I peaKU;H5I C TOqKll speaaa BbI)KllBaHHR, saa-m- II He y,ll;M- TaKHX KaK lIOllCKOBhIH, lI03BOJIJIIOrn;llH HaH'fH rpyzts, CO- BllTeJIhHO, "ITO CMCTeMa, OTBeTCTBeHHaJI aa crpax CaTeJIbHbIH ,ll;JI5I oro, r M03arn;llTY, , ecrs H ca- ' qT06hI lIllTaTbC 5I MOJIOKOM,ClIoc06- paClIOJIO)KeHHa5I B M03rOBOH MMH,ll;aJIHHe, V HOCTb rHeBHO llJIll lIe'lIaJIhHO lIJIaKaT}, ,ll;JI5IlIpHBJIeqeHll5I na-mnaer MaTepll11CKOro BHHMaHll5I II aaunrrnoe BOT KaK OlIHcbIBaeT ' xae OliaCHOCTll. KaK lIHCaJI ,ll;)KaaK 3aMllpaHMe B CJIy- Ilanxcert (1998), U;HOHaJIbHble CHCTeMbI, 06HapY)KeHHble , , y «3MO- )KllBOTHbIX , C03peBaTb lIepBOH B 3MOU;HOHaJIbHOM M03re. na 3MeIO, TbI B crpaxe 6a30BaJI 3MOU;ll0HaJIbHaJI cncreraa ,ll;YMaeIIIb qeJIOBeKa ». Ho ecrs V HOBOpO)K,lI;eHHbIXJIIO,ll;eH OT ztpyrnx TO ecrs cnaxana (JIe,ll;y, 1998). HbI, JIe,ll;y .lIOJIaraeT, pearupoaart. B xozre 06yqeHll5I na B3aHMOOTHOIlleHH5I C ,lI;pyrllMH JIIO,lI;blVIll. JIIO,lI;ll 5IBJI5IIOTC5I uanoonee COU;llaJlbHbIMH na ncex )KllBOT- rnpyer pO)K,ll;eHI15I MO)KHO Ha6JIIO,lI;aTbarn OTJIll- )KHBOTHhIX MMMllKy csoero B TOM, KaK MJIa,ll;eHeu;llMM- poznrrena, , II B TOM, KaK cneznrr B3rJI5I,ll;OM JIHu;aMH zrpyrax monen . aa TIepBHqHhIH M03r, CKOTOPhIM MbI poactaeraca, CTapaeTCH ytieznrrsca raer». Catasre «apeanae- npezczte B TOM , "ITO opraHH3M «pa6o, v C 3BOJIIOU;ll0HHOH TOqKll 3peHH5I H )KeCTKOaaxpenne- "ITO OHH TaK)Ke MorYT ll3MeH5ITbC5I MbI aaarrrapyesrca K MeCTHbIM oc06eHHOCT5IM, OTMeqaJI II HeOC03HaHHO aalIOMHHaJI KOHKpeTHble CJIyqaH, BbI3bIBaIOrn;He crpax B caV " nepnozrsr caoen )KM3Hll, HClIOJIb3Y5IHX B rcaCllrHaJIOB, xoropsre CTaHOB5ITC5I eOC03HaHHbIMM H Mble panane qeCTBe crpaxa. lIepBH'lfHbIMH cxeMaMM B peaKU;IIM ECJIM y nac 6bIJI HeY,ll;aqHbIH Ma5I OT -rero, C'be:>KllBaTbC5IOT Bll3rJIllBhIX MOTOPHaJI xopa, ,ll;eMOHCTpllpymT HaH60JIbIllllH ,Zl;eJI5IIOT o6rn;ee COCT05IHHe oprannaxra JIHqHble CllTyaU;HM 6a30BbIMll qeCKOrO opraaasraa MJIll H36e:>KaTb, :>KllTh HJ1HYMepeTb. BHYTpeH- rOJIOCOB BCIO 3MOU;HOHaJIhHble CHCTeMbI onpe- lVIeTa6oJIll3Ma y MJIa,ll;eHu;eB.TIepBeHIIIaJI aaaasa MJIa,ll;eHynpaanenae C Bll3rJIMBOH H5IHeH BO MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe, BhI MO)KeTe, CaMll He nona- :>KH3Hb. 3TH 6a30Bhle nanaznrn, onsrr v CTPYKTYPhI, TaKlle KaK CTBOJIrOJIOBHOrO M03ra H ceHCOypoaem- a lIOTOM Y:>Ke HeCMOTp5I aa TO "ITO TaKHe pe- II 3alIOMHHaHll5I. H «HecTHpaeMbIMH», V scero 3KC- llJIll aacrsmaenn. zteac'rayeun- , aKU;llll5IBJI5IIOTCH aBTOMaTllqeCKllMH H,OBopO)K,ll;eHHhIXMJIeKOlIHTaIOIu;MX. 3TO HX ClIoco6HOC1'h canoro JIe,ll;y, V na MeCTe qll5I OT ztpyrnx orrrpsmraaeun, ' H TO, "ITO ormrsaer ,ll;)K03e¢ rrepr lIO MllH,ll;aJIHHe: xorzta TbI BH,ll;llillb lIaJIKY, lIOXO)KYIO BII0JIHe cooTBe 'rcTBYIOT TOMY, "ITO paCCMaTpHBaeTC5I KaK HhIX, H C 3TOT npouecc H Ha,ll;eJI5IIOTpas- CMhICJIaMll. TIPll6JIH3HTbCR