4. KAK nlO50Bb (J)OPMV1PYET 03r PE5EHKA?
M
CaMYlO
60JIbrnylO
6JIarO,ll;apHOCTb
9
51 ,lI;OJI)l(Ha BbI-
pa3I1Tb TIOJIY Iepxapzrry, KOTOPbIM see 3TO BpeM5I 6bIJI
MOI1M Ha,ll;e)l(HbIM TbIJIOM 11 6e3 rcoroporo
3Ta KHI1ra
He 6bIJIa 6bI nanncana.
MHOrI1e yqacTBOBaJII1 B C03,l1;aHI1I1
3TOM KHI1rI1, HeKOropsre
CaMI1 Toro He 3HaH. 51 6bI oc06eHHO XOTeJIa no6JIarO,ll;apI1Tb CBOI1X naU;I1eHTOB, rrocemasnmx
MeH5I see
3TI1 rozrsr, aa TO, 'ITO OHI1 MHorOMY MeH51HayqI1JII1.
51 6bI XOTeJIa nofinaronapars
CBOI1X,lI;PY3eM, xoropsre
Y,lI;eJII1JII1
spexer npO'lTeHI1ICl PYKonI1CI1 11cHa6,l1;I1JII1
MeH5I
HeOu;eHI1MbIMI1 OT3bIBaMI1: ,l()l(eMH XeHpI1KC, TIOJIa rep.xapzrra, ,l(I1aHY rY,lI;MaH, .TIOJIa X3ppI1Ca, MOJIJII1 KeHbOH,l()l(OHC, ,l()l(OHa MI1JIJIepa, ,l()l(OHa <PI166ca, TIacKaJI5I ToppaCI1HTa 113H,l1;plOBeCTa.
51 6bI raroxe XOTeJIa notinaroaaprrn,
<PI10Hy,l(aKc6epI1,
,l()l(OHa 3,l1;)l(I1HrTOHa, Mopren KpI1HreJIb6ax
11 Annana
IIlopa aa noneansre KOMMeHTapIII1 K OT,lI;eJIbHbIMrJIaBaM.
I1 ,lI;eTbMI1, a rarorce ncex MOI1X KOJIJIef no OKCCPOP,ll;CKOMY
npoercry ,lI;Jl5lpO,ll;I1TeJIeM I1 MJIa,ll;eHu;eB, ocotiermo
,l()l(OaHHY Taxep. A raioxe )KaHa HOKca 11ztpyrnx KOJIJIef no
Meoszrynapozraoii CeTI1 npI1B5I3aHHOCTI1, rcoropsre raroxe
. pacrnI1pI1JII1 MOI1 npe,ll;CTaBJIeHI15l0 npI1B5I3aHHOCTI1.
Taroxe 51XOTeJIa 6bI nofinaroztapars
scex MOI1X ,lI;PY3eM 3a I1X nonaepaocy, B oc06eHHOCTI1 ,l()l(eMH XeHpI1KC,
3H,lI;)l(I1 K3M 11HaM,lI;)l(eJIa Bapnoy, aa M03fOBble nrrypxna
v
•
11 aa CTI1MYJII1pOBaHI1e MOI1X ,lI;eTeI1, aa TO, 'ITO MI1pI1JII1Cb CO BceM 3TI1M, ,l()l(OHa <PI166ca 3a ero rroztztepxcrcy
na nOCJIe,ll;HI1Xeranax
HanI1CaHI151 KHI1fI1.
CTOPOHHMX MaTepJ1alOB
TEI(CT
Illecrs CTPOK 113«Ilocnezmero cppafMeHTa» PaMMOH,lI;a Kapsepa C MlIJIOCTI1BOrO paspenrenaa "rpOYB/ ATJIaHTI1K».
OnI1CaHI1e ,lI.eHHI1Ca Ilorrepa 113 KHI1rI1 "DI1orpacpI15l»
B MoeM npocpeCCI10HaJIbHOM ,lI;e51TeJIbHOCTI1 1 6bI XO5
TeJIa rrororaronapars
,l(acpHY Bpnrrc sa B,lI;OXHOBJl5llOru;ee
npe,ll;CTaBJIeHI1e pe3YJIbTaTOB Ha6JIlO,lI;eHI151 MJIa,ll;eHu;a- .
3a
MI1, Cxoroporo
see 11Ha'laJIOCb. 51 6bI rarorce XOTeJIa norinaronapnrs
TIeHHlI ,l()l(eMKC sa ee He1I3MeHHYIO nO,ll;,lI;ep)l(KY
B MoeM fiopsfie aa B03MO)l(HOCTb paoorars
C pO,ll;lITeJI51MI1
.
DlarOAapHOCTJ1 aa J1CrrOlb30BaHJ1e
XaMcppI1 Kaprrerrrepa c paapernenaa ,,<pa6ep 11<Pa6ep».
BbI,lI;ep)l(KI1 113KHI1fH ,,3HH CeKCTOH: DHorpacpI151» ,l(I1-
ansr Byzt
MI1,l1;,lI;JI6pYK.Tepene'laTaHO
I
Cpaapeutenna
«Xoy-
TOH MI1CPCPJIHH
KOMnaHI1». Bee rrpana 3aru;I1ru;eHbI. v
TIPI16JII13I1TeJIbHO 45 CJIOB H3 KHI1fI1 "QI1CTbIH JII1CT:
v
COBpeMeHHoe
OTpI1u;aHI1e 'leJIOBeQeCKOI1 npnpozna.
CTI1BeHa TIHHKepa ("BHKHHf
TIyTHaM I1HKopnopeMTe,ll;»,
TII1HrBI1H», 'lJIeH "TIHHfBHH
2002). B0I1CnpOH3Be,ll;eHO
C paapemenna
TII1HfBI1H EYKC flI1MI1Te,ll;.
TIpH6JIH3I1TeJIbHO 194 CJIOBa 113 "PO)l(,lI;eHI1e »ceunraHbI: MaTepHHCTBO KaK OlIbIT 11 I1HCTHTyT» A,lI;PH3H PI1'l,
. 1997. Bee npana 3aru;I1IIJ;eHbI. TIepene'laTaHO C paapenreHI151"TaMM YopHep DYKc BeJIHK06pHTaHI151».
BbI,lI;ep)l(Ka H3 fJIaBbI "He)l(HOCTb H mes',PO)K,lI;eHI1e)KeHIIJ;I1HbI: MaTepI1HCTBO KaK
onsrr
B KHHfe
11I1HCTI1-
TyT», A,lI;PI13H PI1'l, 1986, 1976. Bee rrpasa saurameast.
"HOPTOH 11KOMnaHI1, I1HKopnopeMTe,ll;». I1cnOJIb30BaHO
5. C pa3?,eIIIeH11H
nOpe11Te,ll;» .
aaropa
11«HOPTOH 11KOMnaH11, I1HKop-
np116JI11311TeJIhHO200 CJIOB113pa60ThI
JIhI CT11BeHCOH, 2000. Bce npaaa
,
«BI1JIJI11»
Ilaxre-
3am;11m;eHhI. BOCnp0113- .
«Xaprrep KOJIJI11H3na6JI11IIIepc» ..
np116JI11311TeJIhHO 300 CJIOB 113 KH11r11 «,l1;eJIO BCeH
JK113H11», PeHqeJI Kacx, 2001. Bee npana
3am;11m;eHhI.
BOCnp0113Be,ll;eHo. C pa3peIIIeH1151 «Xapnep
KOJIJI11H3
neaerro
•
•
C pa3peIIIeHI1H
na6JI11IIIepc»
.
HOBbIM ClIO COB lIOHMMAHM5I
•
3Ta KH11ra 51BJIHeTC5I e3YJIhTaTOM MHOrOJIeTH11X Hap
6JIIO,lI;eH11H, nomcpennenasrx
neBTHqeCKOH npaKTHKoH,
.BHHMaHHe
CXEMbI
06yqeHHeM
B pasncax
KOTOPOH ocofiennoe
Y,lI;eJIHJIOCb
TeMe rrp06JIeMHhIX
V
H ncnxorepaMH
HapYIIIeH-
.
.
HhIX B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHH MeJK,lI;YMJIa,ll;~Hu;aMH H HX MaTe-
CJIe,ll;YH
p5lMH.
caoexry
npezoryncramo
0 TOM, qTO pannne
Cxexra 3.1. 113 KHHrH «Iloapescaaer JIH CTpeCC M03r»
Zlyrnaca Bpesrrrepa, 2002. Bee npasa aanrameasr,
.
Cxexra 5.1. PeKJIaMa AJIhHHCa no nO,ll,ll;epJKKe JIIO-
BJIH5IHHe Ha ,lI;aJIbHeHIIIee
nCHXOJIOrHqeCKOe COCT05lHHe,
51na-rana
rrocasntenasre
,lI;eH,
BHTH5I M03ra
V
cTpa,ll;alOm;11X
,lI;enpeccHeH
,lI;enpeCcHBHbIM
CHH,lI;POMOM
C pa3peIIIeHH5I DBSA.
H
(DBSA).
MaHHaKaJIhHOI1crroJIh30BaHo
B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHH
onpeztenenao
,lI;OJIJKHhI OKa3bIBaTb
V
rrsy-rars
pa60ThI,
Y MJIa,lleHu;eB II MaJIeHhKIIX
V
HellIIIeM
OTHOC5Im;HMIICH K nCHXOJIOrllqeCKlI
JIIOMM,
6JIeM, OT He6oJIbliiOH
pas-
B ,lI;aJIb-
C ,lI;aHHbIMH,
He6JIarorrOJIyqHbIM
crpaaarounm
ztenpeccnn
ztcreii.
ziaansre
MHe Y,lIaJIOCb CB5I3aTb ara
B3POCJIhIM
aorrpocaxr
u;eJIbIM PMOM
,lI;0YMcTBeHHoH
npo-
II <p1l3H-
V
-recxon ncnxona'ronormr.
•
no Mepe 113yqeHHH MHe CTaJIO rrOH5ITHO, qTO nponcxo,lI;llT HeqTO HOBoe II 3aMeQaTeJIhHOe II qTO MOll c06CTBeH-
nsre
OTKphITll51 OKa3aJIliCh onem,
nonornmr
csoeaperaenasnaa.
K TOMY MOMeHTY, xoraa
KHX pa3HhIX
113 CJI1l5lHHH HeCKOJIb-
,iJ;HCU;HIIJIliH PO,ll;llJIOCh HOBoe
3MOU;1l0HaJIbHOH JKH3Hll. MHe
nOHIIMaHHe
6hI XOTeJIOCh rrpe,ll;JIOJKIITb
v
BaM rryrenoznrrens
MbI
v
B 3TOT HOBhIli MllP, KOTOPbIll, B03MOJK.
HO, 113MeHIIT,name nomcaaaae
v
naprnepcxax
OTHOIIIeHIIH
H 6Y,lI;eT nOJIe3eH KaK ,lIJI5IpO,llHTeJI5I, TaK II ,lIJI5IMe,ll;HU;llHcxoro
CneU;HaJIliCTa.
HeCneU;HaJIliCTOM H
yxasre
Hepeznco rpyzmsre ,lIJI5I nonaaanaa
cyxo nanacaaasre Me,ll;HU;llHCKlle, Ha-
M aKa,ll;eMHqeCKHe TeKCThI, na
roes, coztepxcar JKH3HeHHO aaxoryro
,
xoropsre
H onnpa-
MH<popMaU;HIO, HO OHa
6. 12
KAK Jl1050Bb CDOPMVlPYET 03f PE5EHKA?
M
13
•
IIe,n;OC'I'yIIHa IIIHPOKOMY
xpyry
qHTaTeJIen.
I1MeHHo
3Ta
HHH, 60JIe3HeH I1JIH CKJIOHHOCTHK npecrymrosry
MHcpOpMaU;HJI Kap,n;MHaJIbHO H3MeHI1JIa Moe npeacrasne-
HHIO,
HHe 06 3MOU;HOHaJIhHOM)KH3HH. Coe,n;HBJIJIMHcpopMaU;llIO
reHOB»,
•
ll3 3TllX MCTOqHHKOBII
JI3bIK, JI npeztnararo
«nepesoas-
ee na 60JIee rrOHJITHhIM
BaM caMOCTOJITeJIbHOcoaepnnrn,
no-
,n;06Hble OTKPhITMJI.
.HOBbIH
,
B3rJIJI,n;, OTKPhIBIIIMMCJI na
3MOU;llOHaJIbHYIO
npo-
3peHMJI, a 6JIaro,n;ap5I B03,n;eMCTBllIOMHO)KeCTBa C06bITHM,
npOH30IIIe,n;IIIMX o,n;HOBpeMeHHO B HeBpOJIOrllll,
rrCllXOaHaJIH3e, 6MOXllMllH.
ztpyra,
npn
CqI1TaIOTCH CJIe,n;cTBHeM«IlJIOXI1X
HeI136e)KHhIMH
II
C rex nop KaK 3TH ,n;rrCU;ll-
nomnranae
n05IBHJIOCb 60JIee rJIy60Koe
B
,n;OCTaTOqHOMKOJIH'leCTBe )KeJIaIIHJI, BOJIM
npouecc
rpaunapyrouieii
BHTCJITpaBMHpOBaHHbIM
H TpaBMHpyIOm;HM
MH, OC03HaJIH, 'ITO ecrs
He06xo,n;HMOCTh B nozmepxoce
ceMeMHOM )KH3HH.
11 OHH ,n;a)Kenpezmpmramr
OT HaJIOrOBbIX nOCJIa6JIeHMM zto KypCOB
JIHHe np06JIeMHbIX
JIOrHlJeCKOI'O 06'b5ICHeHH5I nanrero
ztoporo
COU;HaJIbHOrO none-
)Kll3HH 'leJIOBeI{a, pa3BHTll5I naurero
ra.
H naysenne
npouecc
v
6HOJIOrllqeCKHX
«COU;llaJIbHOro M03-
CHCTeM, BKJIIOqeHHhIX B
.
3HaHMe B nerrrp
Hailiero
)Kll3HH qeJIOBeKa.
.. ,lVrn: MeHJI 3TOT npouecc
eM
B
3MOU;HOHaJIbHOH peryJIJIU;HH. OCHOBHa.5I aaztaxa
CeHlJaC COCTOHT B TOM, qT06bI
nOMeCTHTb 3TO nay-moe
nOHllMaHll5I
3MOU;HOHaJIbHOM
6bm csoero
pozta nYTeIIIeCTBH-
,n;OCTaTO'lHO60JIe3HeHHbIM.
C O,n;HOH
CTOPOHhI, MOH OTKPbITMJI npHBeJIH
po,n;llTeJIeH HJIH Hecnoc06HOCTh
po,n;HTeJIeH cnpaBHThCJI
CO CBOHMH 665I3aHHOCTJIMH no 3a60Te
,n;JIJI1X OTnpbICKOB, csoero
I
HeH36e)KHO
MeHJI K nOHH-
'ITO He,n;OCTaTOqHaJIHHCPOpMHpOBaHHOCTh
rYT npHBeCTH K cepseansne
noaeziemrexr,
I10JIHTHKll
ceMen,
nexoropsre
onacarorcs,
'ITO BJIH-
CBJI3aHHbIX C KPHMHHaJIbHbIM
HaCHJIHeM H HapKOTHKaMH, 6y,n;eT CJIHIlIKOM
06XO,n;HTbCH
06:w;eCTBY.HeCMOTp5I na TO 'ITO raxaa
noztztepxoca
JIBJIJIeTCH)KH3HeHHO Heo6xo,n;HMOH ,n;JIH no-
,n;06HbIX cesreii,
::lTO oaeas
IIanOMHHaeT
paaaasy
e,n;bI ro-
JIo,n;aIOm;HMI1JIH, eCJIH I1CnOJIb30BaTh
ztpyryro
BKJIa,n;bIBaHHe cpencrs
nJIOXOnOCTpoeHHO-
B coztepzcaane
alfaJIOrHIO,
C npore-ncaaa,
ro ,n;OMa.I10CTOJIHHbIe np06JIeMhI
IlJI.OXMM
OTOIlJIeHHeM I1JIH 3BYKOH30JIJIU;HenMOryr 6bITb BpeMeHHO
YCTpaHeHbI, HO HHqTO He MO)KeT H3MeHHTb cpaKT, 'ITO ,n;OM
BOJIH}'IOm;HM, a nnoraa
MafIHIO roro,
poznrrenexr.
MepbI ,n;JIJI
aroro
roro,
MJIa,n;eH'leCKOrO rrepnona
BblPOCIIIHM
l.JHHOBHHKH, PYKOBO,n;CTBYJICb
,n;06pbIMH HaMepeI-IHJI-
ncnsrrsraars 3MOU;HH 110 OTHOIIIeHHIO K ,n;pyrHM JIIO,ll;JIM.
Bnepaue CTaJIO B03MO)KI-IO rr05IBJIeHlle nOJIHOCTbIO 6HOnOHHMaHHe
II pecyp-
06CTaHOBKe, He 06JI3aTeJIbHO CTaHO-
,n;JIJI y,n;ym;HXpoznrreneii.
6
srepea
EOJIee
TpaHCJIJIU;I1HTpaBMbI
nOKOJIeHI1JI K ,n;pyrOMy: pe6eHOK;
KaK 'leJIOBeK CTaHOBHTCH 'leJIOBeKOM II KaK OH yqHTC5I
,n;eHHJI'
rrpenorrpeztenenasraa.
MOH HCCJIe,n;OBaHI1JI
,a;aJII1MHe Ha,n;e)K,n;y
na TO, 'ITO
OT ozmoro
nCllXOJIO-
IlJIHHbI HaqaJIM C006m;aTbCJI Me)K,ll;Y C060H II BJIMJITb,n;pyr
na
roro,
06bl'lHO
COBMO)KHO npeztornparrrrs
)Kll3Hb, n05IBI1JICJIHe na-aa KaKorO-TO KOHKpeTHoro
rna,
tcoropsre
nonezte-
0 MJIa,n;eHu;e MO-
HeraTI1BHbIM
nOCJIe,n;CTBHJIM
pozta HHBaJIH,n;HOCTH,KOTOPaJI
6y,n;eT npH'lHHJITb
apezr H
ztpyrm«
JIIO,ll;JIM.
C ,n;pyrOH CTOPOHbI, KO MHe npHIIlJIO nOHHMaHHe roro,
'ITO
MO)KHO M36e)KaTb np05IBJIeHHM nOBe,n;eHqeCKHX OTKJIOHe-
nocrpoea
IlJIOXO H na ero coztepxcanne
no-npexcaexry
6y-
,n;YTYXO,n;HTb3HaqI1TeJIbHbIe CYMMbI. To xce 11 C JIIO,ll;bMH,
OCHOBbIKOTOPbIX He 6bIJIH B csoe BpeM5I Ha,n;JIe)Kam;MM06pa30M
v
3aJIO)KeHbI. HeCMOTpJI na TO 'ITO ,ll;OpOrOCTOJIm;HI1
peMOHT MO)KeT 6bITb npouanezten
PHO,n;bI)KH3I-IH, rrepnoa
H B 60JIee rr03,n;I'IHe ne-
3aKJIa,n;KH cpYH,ll;aMeHTa
KoppeKU;HJI HaH60JIee ,ll;encTBeHHa
roro
'lTo6bI nOCTpOHTb xopoumii
xorzia
Y)Ke 3aKOHqeH. ,lVIJI .
,n;OM,ero OCHOBbIHJ)KHO
cnpoexrnpoaars sapanee.
3TH OCHOBbI 3aKJIa,ll;bIBaIOTCJI BO BpeMJI 6epeMeHHOCTH H B resenne
rrepssrx
,n;Byx rrer )KH3HI1 petiemca.
3TO
•
7. 12
CblO rEPXAPDT
KAK nlO50Bb CDOPMV1PYET
M03r PE5EHKA?
13
,
aeztocrynaa
xpyry
rnMpOI{OMY
l.JMTaTeJIeiI. MMeHHO
3Ta
HUH, 60JIe3HeM MJIH CKJIOHHOCTI1K
MHcpOpMa~MH Kap,n;MHaJIbHO M3MeHI1JIa Moe rrpencraane-
H11IO, xoropsre
HI1e 06 3MO~I10HaJIbHOiI
renos»,
)I{I13HI1. Coe,n;HfflIH
1133TI1X I1CTOl.JHI1KOB «nepenozta.
11
I1HcpopMa~HIO
ee rra 60JIee rrOHHTHbliI
H3bIK, H rrpezurararo BaM caMOCTOHTeJIbHO COBeprnI1Tb no,n;06Hble OTKpbITI1H.
'.
.HOBbIH
,
B3rJIH,n;, OTKPbIBIIII1HCH
na
)I{I13Hb, lIOHBHJICH He H3-3a KaKorO-TO
3MO~I10HaJIbHYID
KOHKpeTHoro
npo-
a 6JIaro,n;apH B03,n;eHCTBI1IOMHO)I{eCTBa C06bITI1H,
3peHI1H,
rrpOII30IIIe,n;IIII1X' o,n;HOBpeMeHHO B HeBpOJIOrI1I1, lICI1XOJIO-
C 'rex
rHI1, lICI1XOaHaJIH3e, 6I10XI1MI1H.
ILJII1I-II,I Hal.JaJIl'I cootiutarsca
na ztpyra,
lIOP KaK 3TI1 ,n;I1C~I1-
Me)I{,lJ;YC060H 11BJII1HTb ztpyr
rrOHBHJIOCb 60JIee rJIy60Koe
rrOHI1MaHI1e roro,
HClIbITbIBaTb
Bnepasre
3MO~I1I1 TIO OTHOIUeHI1IO K ,n;pyrI1M JIIOMM.
CTaJIO B03MO)I{I-IO nOHBJIeHHe nOJIHOCTbIO 6110- .
JIOrI1qeCKOrO
06'bHCHeHI1H
sepea
,n;eHMH' ,
namero
nOHI1MaHHe
CO~I1aJIbHOrO
MJIa,n;eHqeCKOrO
)I{I13HH QeJIOBeI{a, pa3BI1THH nanrero
ra-
rrose-
nepaozra
B
«COJJ;I1aJIbHOrOM03-
11 H3YQeHHe 6I10JIOrI1QeCK11X C11CTeM, BKJIIOQeHHbIX B
rrponecc
~
3MOD;110HaJIbH011 peryJIH~l111. OCHoBHaH
aaaa-ta
~
Cel1QaC COCTOHT B l'OM, l.JT06bI nOMecTl1Tb
ananne
B nerrrp
naurero
)I{113H11l.JeJIOBeKa.
.. ,lVIH MeHH 3TOT
eM
nOH11MaHHH 3MO~HOHaJIbHOiI
6blJI csoero
BOJIHYID~I1lVI, a mrorzra
MaHHIO 'roro,
pona nyreurecrsn-
,ll;OCTaTOQHO60JIe3HeHHbIM.
OTKpbITI1H npHBeJI11 MeHH K nOH11-
QTO He,n;OCTaTOQHaH 11HCPOpMHpOBaHHOCTb
po,n;HTeJIeM HJIH Hecnoc06HOCTb
po,n;11TeJIeM CnpaBI1TbCH
co CBOHMH 06H3aHHOCTHMH
no
ryr
HeraTUBHbIM
npHBeCTU
K cepseaasn«
,n;JIH 11XOTnpbICKOB, csoero
HeH36e)I{HO
C ,n;pyrOH
HeI136e)I{HbIMI4
rrpeaonpeaexenaensa.
11
DOJIee
roro
, MOI1 l1CCJIe,ll;OBaHI1H,n;aJII1MHe
npa
,n;OCTaTOl.JHOM
KOJII1QeCTBe )I{eJIaI-II1H, BOJIl1 11 pecyp-
.
Ha,n;e)I{,lJ;yua TO, QTO
,
COB MO)I{HO npe,n;OTBpaTI1Tb npo:u;ecc TpaHCJIH:U;I1I1
TpaBMhI
OT oznroro
nOKOJIeHI1H K
B TpaBMI1pyIO~eH
ztpyrosry:
06CTaHOBKe,
pe6eHOI{,
,.
BblpOCrnI1H
He 06H3aTeJIhHO
CTaHO-
B11TCH
TpaBM11pOBaHHbIM 11TpaBM11pYIDlll;11M po,n;11TeJIeM.
Q11HOBH11K11,PyKOBO,n;CTBYHCb,n;06pbIMI1 HaMepeH11HM11, OC03HaJI11, QTO ecrs
Heo6xo,n;11MOCTh B noztnepsoce
ceMeHHOH )K113Hl1. M OH11zrasce npe,n;np11HH1I11nexoropue
OT HaJIOrOBbIX nOCJIa6JIeH11H zto KypCOB
,lJ;JIH 6y,n;~11X pO,ll;11TeJIeU.I10JI11T11K11 nacarorca, '{TO BJIl1o
HHl1e np06JIeMHhIX
noaezreaaeu,
ztoporo
ceMeu,
CBH3aHHhIX C KpHMl1IIaJIbHhIM
HaCMJIl1eM l1 HapKOTl1KaMl1, 6y.n;eT CJIHlllKOM
06XO,ll;l1TbCH06~eCTBY.
no.n;.n;ep)KKa HBJIHeTCH
,Il;06HhIX ceMeH,
HeCMOTpH na TO '{TO TaKaH
)K113HeHHO He06xo.n;11MoH .n;JIH no-
3TO o-reas
IlanOMI1HaeT
paazraxy
e,n;I,I ro-
JIo.n;aIO~I1M l1JI11, eCJIH HCnOJIh30BaTb
ztpyryro
BKJIa,n;bIBaH11ecpeztcrs
nJIOXO nOCTpoeHHO-
B coaepxcamre
ro ,n;OMa. nOCTOHHHble np06JIeMhI
aIlaJIOr11IO,
C npOTeqKaMI1,
OTOITJIeH11eMMJII13ByK0I130JIH:U;I1eU Moryr
ITJIOXl1M
6bITh BpeMeHHO
YCTpaHeHhI, HO HI1QTO He MO)KeT I13MeHI1Th .paKT, QTO .n;OM
rrpouerc
C o,n;I-IoiI CTOPOHbI, MOH
3TO nay-moe
noaezte-
06bIQHO CQI1TaIOTCHCJIe,n;cTBI1eM «fIJIOXI1X
MepbI,n;JIH aroro
KaK ~IeJIOBeI{ CTaHOBHTCH l.JeJIOBeKOM H KaK OH' YQI11'CH
rrpecryrnrosry
3a60Te
0 MJIa,n;eHD;e MOnOCJIe,n;CTB11HM
pona 11HBaJI11,n;HOCTI1,
KOTOPaH
6y,n;eT npI1QHHHTb
spezr
CTOPOHhI, KO MHe npmnno
H ,n;pyrUM
nOHI1MaHue
JIIOMM.
roro,
QTO
MO)I{HO I136e)I{aTh npOHBJIeHHM nOBe,n;eHQeCKHX OTKJIOHe-
nocrpoen
nJIOXO 11na eJ'O conepacanne
zryr yxoznm,
3Ha,{I1TeJIhHhle
rro-rrpezcnexry
6y-
CYMMhI. To )Ke H C JIIO,n;hMl1,
OCHOBhI KOTOPhIX He 6hlJII1 B cnoe BpeMJI Ha,n;JIe)Karu;I1M06pa30M
3aJIO)KeHhI.
Hecraorps
v
na TO QTO )J;oporOCTOH~I1I1
peMOHT MO)I{eT 6hITb np0113Be.n;eH 11B 60JIee n03,n;HI1e nepI10.n;hI )KI13H11, nepnoa
3aKJIa,n;KI1 .pYH.n;aMeHTa
KoppeK:U;I1H Ha1160JIee .n;eucTBeHHa
xorzta
Y)Ke 3aKOHQeH.
,lJ,mI
~
'roro
,{T06hI nOCTpOI1Th XOPOIIII111.n;OM,ero O,CHOBbIHf)KHO
cnpOeKTI1pOBaTh3apaHee.
,
'3T11 OCHOBhI 3aKJIa.n;hIBaIOTCH BO BpeMJI 6epeMeHHoCT11I1 B TeQeHI1e
nepasrx zmyx
ner
)KH3Hl1
pefiemca,
3TO
,
8. 14
CblO iEPXAPDT
KAK nlO50Bb CIl0PMVlPYETM03i PE5EHKA?
15
,
•
,
nepnozt
CTpOHTeJIhCTBa «COII;HaJIhHOfO M03ra»,
nepnozt,
COBpeMeHHM
xoraa .CPOPMHpyroTCH HH,lI;HBH,lI;yaJIhHhIH:3MOII;HOHaJIhHhIH:
pecypcsr. B
CTHJIh H 3MOII;HOHaJIhHhle
H Ol1HIlIY npouecc
.
xy ITpocBe~eHHH,
I 3TOH: KHHrH
uecc ynpasnenas
M03ra,
B KOTOPOH: cpOpMHpyeTCH rrpo-
xaHIf3Ma
pearapoaanna
cneztcrane
U
U
JIllHeHHOCTb
HMMyHHhIX
U
xoropsre
H ,lI;eHCTBHH HeHpOTpaHCMHTTepOB,
U
npencxasyenocrs:
H
onpezienaercs
rrpI1QHHOH, CTHMYJI onpezienaer
peaKII;HIO. l.JYSCTBa . B TaKOH: caryanan
.
l1pOII;eCChI CTaHOBJIeHHH Me-
na crpecc,
K 3MOII;HHM. 3TOT
•
MOryT TOJIbKO BHe-
,
JIIO,lI;eH, a raroxe
CTH 6ecrrOPMOK,
peaKII;HH
pars.
OKa3hIBalOT
K HHM
TaK KaK nx CJIO)KHOnpezicxaaars
C TPY,ll;OM MO)KHO rrpHMeHHTh
HOBOpO)K,ZJ;eHHhIH: treJIOBeK
TeXHOJIOfHQe-
cxae ,lI;OCTH)KeHHH,KOTOPbIMH TaK ropmrrca
HaYKa.
<!>opMHpyeTCH
)KH3Hh.
3TOT JIOrHQeCKH
finarozrapa
CTPOHHbIH
nozrxozt
rrpOTHBOH,lI;lleM rrpOTHB cyesepaoro
6bIJI XOpOllIHM
Mllpa
U
B03,l1;eHCTBHIO pa3JIHtrHhIX
COII;HaJIhHO H KYJIhTYPHO o6y-
KOB. OCHOBHOH ,lI;BH)Ky~eH:
CJIOBJIeHHhIX rrporpaMM
HatrHHM
B
YCTaHOBOK, 3aKaHtrHBM
H MexaHH3MaMH
C <!>H3HOJIOrHqeCKHX
rrOHCKa
HIOIO
B03,l1;eH-
,lI;JIHII;eJIOro cnexrpa
rrprraoztar
anoperccaa,
pannero
MOCTH paanoro
crpaaax,
B name
•
rryrexr
ynysmeaaa
U
JIHtr-
MbI MO)KeM C ,lI;OCTaTOtrHOll crenensro
rpero
lJ.TO MO)I(ET IIPE,lJ,llO)I(MTb HAYI(A?
,
)KH3H11.
HaKOHeII;-TO ,lI;OCTllfJIa COCTO.lIHHH, xorzta
3MOII;1111MO)KHO H3MepHTb
,lI;JI.lI aBHcHMhIX, qTo6hI npeozronerr,
3
npeccarrrsr MH
Hero apenena
3aBHcHMoCTb, aHTH,lI;e-
'rex, KTO B ,lI;el1peCCHH, H T. ,lI;. Ho zro rreztanHayqHOMY coo6~eCTBY
nexero
6hmo rrpezt-
JIO)KllTh B 06JIaCTH rrOHHMaHHH 3MOII;HOHaJIbHOH: )Kll3HH.
H 110,ll;CQ11TaTh
JIeHHOll CTel1eH11, paayxreerca.
paapafioTa6JIeTKH
YSJIeQeH11e 3MOII;HHM11 nono-
TeXHOJIOr11QeCK11Ml1pOfpeCCOM He,ll;aBH11X,lI;eCHT11-
JIeT11ll. HaYKa
TaHhI JIeKapCTBa OT BCHKoro pozra 60JIe3HeH
ysepen-
KyIO 6a3y, MbI MO)KeM 06paT11Th BH11MaH11e 11 aa zrpyrne
acnercrsr
coofiutecrna,
U
1160JIhIIIHHCTBO ,lI;O)K11BeT
,lI;OrrpeKJIOHHbIX JIeT. I1Me.lI 'ra-
H ztenpeccna.
YCHJIHHM rray-nror-o
B 3TOM nanpas-
BpeMH, rro Kpa11He11 xrepe B pa3BHTbIX
ITo 11POHH11,mraennree
Bnaroziap»
MaTep11aJIbHbIX
U
U
HOCTHble paccrponcraa
nofieznrn.
HOCTH YTBep)K,lI;aTh, trTO JIIO,lI;HMOfYT He 60.lIThC.lI ronoaa
3aBHCll-
pozta, aHTHCOII;HaJIhHOe nonezteaae,
csreprnoc'rs
,lI;aHHOCTb.
pa3BHTHH, KOTO-
3a6oJIeBaHllH,
crroco6
JIeH1111.Ho MhI BOCrrpHH11MaeM 3T11113MeHeH11.lIM11pa KaK
K B03HHKHOBeHHIO TaKHX COCTOHHllH: KaK
,
rrCHXOCOMaTlltreCKHe
6bIJIO CTpeMJIeHHe HaHTll
1111306peTaTeJI113HaQHTeJIbHO npeycnenn
paccsrarpunarorca onpeztenenasre
TeH,lI;eHII;HH pa3BHTHH B nepnon
CllJIOH:, ,lI;OMHH11pOBaBllIeH:
YCJIOB11H:K113H11.I1 Heo6xo,ll;11MO OTMeTHTl?, QTO ysemre
)
COII;HaJIhHhIX.H 3MOII;HOHaJIhHhIX CJIO)KHOCTeHB 6Y,ll;yrneM.
3TOH KHHrH
nexe,
Be-
rOJIO,ll;, HeY,ll;OBJIeTBOp11TeJIhHhle YCJIOB11H)KH3H11 II paH-
napsr.
He,ll;OCTaTOqHOH ,lI;eJIHKaTHOCTH sroro
B qaCTH II
XVII
Cpeznmx
.
3MOU;HOHaJIhHhIMH O)KH,lI;aHHHMH
CTBHH 3aKJIa,ll;hIBaIOTC5I npezmocsonor
psre
H H3Me-
U
B03,l1;eHCTBHe na ,lI;aJIhHeHllIYIO 3MOII;HOHaJIhHyro
ITPH
rrozr-
U
u
MH ztpyrnx
6hma OCHOBaHa na orrpezrenermoxr
110,ll;XO,ll;
npeznronaraer
trYSCTBaMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C,lI;eHCTBHH-
.
CJIO)KHBllIMC.H B arro-
U
.
TOH xacra
napaznrrtaa,
xozte K 3HaHHIO, KOTOPbIH: He rrpHMeHHM
CPOpMHpoBaHHH COII;HaJIhHOrO M03ra,
U
TO ecrs
sracrn
naysnraa
•
B HeBpOJIOfll11
HOJIOfH11 TOMorpa<!>H11 '1103BOJII1JIll yqeHbIM
xapry
,lI;O onpezteHOBbIe rex'COCTaBllTb
U
M03rOBOH aKTHBHOCTH B MOMeHTbI, xorzia
,
QeJIOBeK
11CrrhIThIBaeT 3MOII;F1ll, anepssre czienaa B03MO)KHbIM 110JIyQ11Tb cnoero
pozia TeXH11QeCKHe 113MepeHI1.H, OTHOC.lIIu;11e-
CH K 3MOII;llHM.
Taxoro
BpeMJI 06pa3yIOT
•
pozia llCCJIe,ll;OBaHI1.HB nacroamee
OT,n;eJIhHOe)KllBOe
rranpaanemre
HaYKH,
•
9. KAK nlO50Bb <DOPMVlPYET 03r PE5EHKA?
M
16
npezcraanenaoe
JIe~y,Zlar
Ma3HO, ~)K03e¢
TyroIIJ;HMH
3MOU;HH B
06pa30M
MaHKJI Pa¢¢
Ilanxcenn,
BaTT H ~)KaaK
~
aa aaysenne
AHaJIOrHqHbIM
Ilepr,
TaKHMH HeBpOJIOraMH, KaK AHTOHHO ~a-
'raxne
panrcax
pa-
HeBpOJIOrHHH.
6HOXHMHKll,
KaK K3H,ll;aC
H3 KOMHaThI
oxasanacs
COe,ll;HHeHIDI, BhI3hIBalOIIJ;He
~
B3pOCJIOro. 3Ta'
HaCTOJIhKOTOqHOH B CBOHX ouemcax
pozrarens- ,
B xaxecrae
Illrepnosr,
Hap5I,lI;Yco
3MOU;HH,
.
CTaJI Annaa
xapry
llH¢opMaU;1l1l1l3
rrOCJIe300-JIeTHe-
qTO HCrrOJIh3yeTC5I
EIIJ;e O,ll;HHMrrHOHepOM B 06JIaCTH H3yqeHHlI
rrpOaHaJIH3HpOBaTh H coennmrrs
TaKHM 06pa30M,
rca-recraa
6a30BOH H,lI;O CHX rrop.
3arrYCK 3MOU;HOHaJIhHbIX peaKU;HH, a TaIOKe COCTaBHJIH
HX penerrropos.
MeTO,ll;HKa
~
OTHOIlIeHHH «pe6eHOK
II 3,l1;BJIaJIOK, OTHOCHTeJI.hHO
neaasno
BhI,lI;eJIHJIH 6HOXHMHqeCKHe
.
He3HaKOMoro
paann-nrsrx
lliop,
~
KOTOPhIH CYMeJI
orpomroe
KOJIllqeCTBO
,lI;IlCU;HfIJIHH opopraapoaars
II
~
ro OTTOp)KeHHlI
¢YH,ll;aMeHTaJIhHaJI HaYKa rrpHHIDIaCh sa
~
CHHTeTllqeCKHll
~
B3rJI5I,lI; a sonpoc
n
H3yqeHIl5I 3MOU;Hll, KO-
Ero
TOPbIH H CTaJIOCHOBOH,lI;JI5I
ero KHHrll.
113yqeHHe 3MOU;HH.
17
patiora
OTKPhI~
AHaJIOrHqHhle
npoueccsr
rrpOHCXOP;HJIH B rrCHXOJIOrHH
H
pa3BHTH5I, KOTOpa5I 06HOBHJIa, B TOM qHCJIe H TeXHOJIOrH-
naer
B03MO)KHOCTh rrOHHMaHHlI 3MOU;IlOHaJIhHOll )KH3HH
B ee 6HOJIOrHqeCKOM H COU;HaJIhHOM
acnexrax.
•
qeCKH, CBOH llHCTPYMeHTapl1H,
~
MaHHlI pannen
70-x rozton
He06xop;HMhIH P;JI5IrrOHH-
,u·
3MOU;HOllaJIbHOH )KH3Hll. B caMOM na-rane
XX sexa
Illrepa
rrCHXHaTp ~aHHeJIb
CJIep;OBaThMHp MaTepH H petiemca
naxan
3MOIJUU
C rrOMOIIJ;hlOBHtJ;eo. OH
,>
CHHMaJI na rcaxrepy nponecc
B03BPAIlJEHME
HC~
~
Canoe
B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBHlI MaTepeH H
rropasnrensnoe
B 3TOH patiore
TO, qTO B HeM
MJIap;eHu;eB, a 3aTeM, xaap aa Kap;pOM , aHaJIH3HpOBaJI ero,
HaqHHalOT COe,ll;HHHThcHP;HCU;HfIJIHHhI, xoropsre zto roro
BhICTpaHBaJI 60JIee rrOJIHOe, qeM 6hmo zrocrynno
CTapaJIHCh ,lI;ep)KaThC5Izrpyr OT ztpyra
rrOHHMaHHe pannero
npexczte,
pa3BHTHH. OCHOBaHHeM P;JIHero pa-
60ThI CTaJI «CKeJIeT» TaK Ha3hIBaeMOM reopnn
rrpHBH3aH-
HOCTH, snepasre 03ByqeHHoM nCHXOaHaJIHTHKOM ~)KOHOM
Boy.JI6H 11 rrCHXOJIOrOM M3PH
CTaJIH rrHOI-IepaMH B
nsre
HM nay-msie
AMHCBOPT B 1960-x.
rrorrsrrrcax
pa3pa60TKH
OHH
06'hep;HHHTh COBpeMeHC nCHXOaHaJIHTllqeCKHM
KHYJIaCh C 3THM 6yp;yqH nozrpocrxoxr,
3aHHMaThC5I
eM, HO see
mrrapnsre
. BhI6paTh
CTaJIa
oznronpenemro
xorzta MHe XOTeJIOCh
H eCTeCTBeHHo-HayqHhle
P;HCU;HllJIHHhI,HY)KHO .
qTO-TO Op;HO. 5I BhI6paJIa JIHTepaTYPY' a rrOTOM .
ncaxorepaneeron,
HO. 3Ta He06xop;HMOCTh BhI6H-
6HOJIOrHqeCKOM I{OHTeKCTe. M3PH AHHCBOPT caMOCTOH-'
Ka)Kp;OMP;HCU;HfIJIHHhI.3Ta neztasno
TeJIhHO paspafiorana
HOCTh coep;HHeHH5I pa3JIHqHhIX
naaaanayro
H3MepHTh
«TeCT "CTpaHHaJI
crenem,
CHzyaU;H5I"», rrp113BaHHyro .
~
3MOU;HOHaJIhHOll
. Me)K,lI;yrO,ll;OBaJIhIMll ,lI;eThMH H HX pO,ll;HTeJI5IMH(AMHCBOPT
H zrpyrne,
1978).
B xoae TeCTa pe6eHOK HeHap;OJIrO paa-
CMyTHJIa MeH5I H KaK 6YP;TOYMeHhIlIHJIa 3HaqHMOCTh
aztoxnyna
rrpHB5I3aHHOCTH
no
06peTeHHaJI B03MO)K-
p;HCU;HnJIHH KaK
HpOHHH cYP;h6hI, 'reneps
HO, qTO qYBCTBa nepaa-nna
nozrraepzcztaerca
H nama
paU;HOHaJIhHOCTh,
CTOJIh BhICOKO u;eHHMa5I HaYKOH, OCHOBaHa na 3MOU;HHX
H H3yqaeTC5I peaKU;HH pefienxa
rrpH3HaeTC5I, qTO npouecc
B03BpaIIJ;eHHe, a TaIOKe na II05IBJIeHHe H
nays-
~
H CYIIJ;eCTBOBaTh 6e3 HHX He MO)KeT.
cnezyromee
6YP;TO
HOBYlO )KH3Hh B Ka)Kp;yro H3 HHX.
JIyqaeTC5I COCBOHMpO,ll;HTeJIeMB onpeaeneaasrx YCJIOBH5IX
na YXO,ll; Op;HTeJIH,ero nop
CTOJI- .
MHe rOBOpHJIH, qTO HeJIh35I CMeIlIHBaTh ryraa-
pars
npoueztypy,
5I
II JIHTepaTYPOH, H 6HOJIOrH-
MhIIlIJIeHHeM, qTo6hI rrOH5ITh 3MOU;HOHaJIhHyro )KH3Hh B ee
arccnepmrerrransrryto
rroaansme.
.
yxoz;
•
.
Bee
qaln;e H xame
u
n03HaHH5I 3aBHCHT OT 3MOU;l1H,
10. CbKl iEPXAPI.1T
18
19
KAt<.nlO50Bb (JJOPMI!1PYET
M03i PE5EHKA?
H .n;aMa3Ho ,n;OKa3aJI3TO. KaK OH rrOKa3aJI, pall,HOHaJIbHa5I
BO MHorHe
qaCTb naurero
YCOBepIIIeHCTBOBaHH5IMH, rrOHBHBIIIHMHC5I B BeK MaIIIHH,
M03ra He MO)KeT pariorars
H30JIHpOBaHHO, .
a JIHIIIb o,n;HOBpeMeHHO C qaCT5IMH, OTBeTCTBeHHbIMH aa
6a30ByIO
peryJI5Ill,HIO
Ilpnpozta
qTO
M
ssrpaacenae
«Iloxoace,
sa parra-
3MOll,HM:
BbICTpOMJIa CHCTeMY, orseaarouiyio
OHaJIbHOCTb, He CTOJIbKO Ha,n; CHCTeMOM 6HOJIOrMqeCKOM
perYJI5Ill,HH, CKOJIbKO M3 nee
128).
H C HeM»
(Zlaraasno, 1994:
He3aBMCHMO
HbIX HHCTHHKTMBHbIX pearonni.
nponeccsr
nepepaoarsmaror
rrpencrannerraa
aercax. Ho 3Moll,HOHaJIbHyIO )KH3Hb HeB03-
MO)KHO «rrOqHHHTb»
rr03ToMY
C rrOMOIll,blO TeXHOJIOrHM, HMeHHO
aaecs M rr05IBMJIaCb JIMHH5I paaaena
3MOll,MH
rrepeMeCTHJIHCb B 06JIaCTb xy,n;O)KeCTBeHHoH JIHTepaTyp~I,
a He HaYKH, HMelOIll,eH ,n;eJIO ¢aKTaMH.
C
.
.B HeKOTopOH crertenn
3MOll,HH TaK)Ke CTaJIH npenar-
CTBHeM B HapaIll,HBaHHM
MOIll,H rrpOH3Bo,n;CTBa, xoropoe
nponeccsr
3MOll,HOHaJIbHble,
OKa3aJIO 'raxoe
HO cyme-
KorHHTHBHble
MaTepHaJIbHbIX
KOHCTpYHPyeT
0 BHYTpeHHHX ¢H3HqeCKHX
XVIII
H
rrpHMHTMB-
OT 60JIee
CTBOBaTb OT,n;eJIbHO HMX He MorYT. M03r
OT
XVII
qeJIOBeqeCKOH )KM3HH C TeXHMqeCKHMH
He MorYT
BbICIIIHe OT,n;eJIbIKOPbI rOJIOBHOrO M03ra
¢YHKll,HOHMpOBaTb
B
c¢epbI
COCT05IHH5IX,
CYIll,eCTBeHHoe BJIH5IHHe na H3MeHeHHe
•
Bea
CTpaHax.
YCJIOBHH )KH3HH
COMHeHH5I, HH,n;YCTpHaJIH3all,H5I OKa3aJIaCb
KpaHHe ycrteumoii
B 06JIaCTH ,n;OCTH)KeHH5I tocene nesez
CB5I3bIBaeT HX C,n;pyrHMM, YEe HMelOIll,HMHCH npeztcrasne-
,n;OMoro ypOBHH KOM¢opTa,
HMHMH, a 3aTeM rrOCbIJIaeT CHrHaJIbI TeJIY B nponecce
pa3BMTM5I c¢epbI
rro-
B. MH,n;YCTpHaJIbHbIX
rpaMOTHOCTM,
pa3BJIeqeHH5I
,n;OJIrOJIeTH5I,
H MaCCOBhIX KOMMYHH-
CTOHHHOHBHYTpeHHeM 06paTHOH CBH3H, 3arrYCKa5I TaKHM
Kall,HH. Ho qeJIOBeqeCKHe qYBCTBa OKa3aJIHCh aa 60PTOM
06pa30M
aroro
3TM
HOBbIe ¢H3HqeCKMe OIll,yIIJ,eHMH, H TaK ztanee.
BbIBO,n;bI, 6e3YCJIOBHO, IIIOKHPOBaJIH
CO¢OB M
ysensrx
3rrOXH llpOCBeIll,eHM5I,
YTBep,n;HTb MOIll,b pall,HOHaJIbHOrO
ce65I rrOJIHOe orpnuanne
H HeHYEHoro.
6bI
qbH·
naxana
norrsrrxn
BKJIlOqaJIH B
3MOll,HH KaK xero-ro
Orpnnaane
qY)K,n;oro
3TO, 6e3YCJIOBHO,
3BaHO He OTCYTCTBMeM aarepeca,
a cxopee
¢MJIO-
6bmo
BbI-
OTCYTCTBH-
eM B03MO)KHOCTH rrOHMMaHMH 3MOll,HOHaJIbHOH c¢epbI
paxrxax
Bo,n;5I
roro,
MX rro pa3HbIM
HaH60JIee
cephe3HbIH
6hIJI nanecen
caMhIM
6ec-
rrOMOIll,HhIM, HO 3TH H3MeHeHH5I 6e3YCJIOBHO 3aTpOHYJIH
3MOll,HOHaJIhHYIO )KH3Hh acex CJIOeBHaCeJIeHMH, KaK MY)KqHH, TaK H )KeHIll,HH. TaK, CTpeMJIeiIHe MaKCHMH3HpOBaTh
npOH3Bo,n;HTeJIhHOCTh npHBeJIO K TOMY, qTO
ananensusr
¢a6pHK
OTHOCMJIHChK CBOHM pa60qMM
KaK K npnnarxai«
MaIIIMH,
a He KaK K JIIO,n;5IM, MelOIll,HM qYBCTBa. qacaMM
M
,n;JI5I a3,n;eJIeHM5Ipaayua H TeJIa. Pa3p
HMeJIH B03MO)KHOCTH naace 06MOJIBMThC5I CJIOBOM zrpyr'
TeppHTOpH5IM,
qTO MorYIll,eCTBeHHble
yaensre
peJIHrH03Hble
,n;06HBaJIHCb
C zrpyror«.
BJIaCTH crro-
CTeH Y)Ke He BCTpeTHTh, HO MhI eme He TaK ,n;aJIeKOYIIIJIH
KOHHO OTHOCHJIHCb K BCKPbITHIO rezr C HayqHoH
nem.io,
B HaIIIe
BH5I pamrero
C
TpeThero
Kenztac Ilepr Ha3BaJIa «pa3,n;eJIOM repparopna
Ilanoii- (Ilepr, 1998: 18). Zlecaxpannaarma TeJIa CbI-.
pOJIb
I1 ,lI;JI5I Me,n;Hll,HHhI, H ,n;JI5I eJIHrHH.
p
BpeM5I, 6e3YCJIOBHO, TaI{HX KpaMHO-
OT HHX, KaK HaM XOTeJIOCh6bI sepnrt..
Toro, .qTO
orposmyro
ymepf
KarrHTaJIM3Ma.
CT05I PH,n;OMCO CBOHMH TKall,KMMH CTaHKaMH, JIIO,n;HHe
v
rpana
rrpOHHKHOBeHH5I
nparna-
HaYKH. CYIll,eCTBOBaJIH TaK)Ke H BrrOJIHe
THqeCKHe rrpHqHHbI
B
6eCKOHeqHOrO
.pyesiue
KarrHTaJIH3Ma
MHpa,
na
nOTorOHHhle
6bmM nepeneceasr
rzre rrpOH3Bo,n;5ITC5ITOBaphI,
Banan,
yCJIO-
B CTpaHhI
ascnopra-
B TO BpeM5I KaK B pa3BHThIX crpanax
3Ta cztenxa rr03BOJIMJIa IIOHBHTbC5I 60JIee pall,HOHaJIbHOH,
60JIhIIIHHCTBY JIIO,n;eH
TaK)Ke COBeTyIOT He ycep,n;CTBOBaTh
cB060,n;OMbICJI5IIll,eH xynsrype.
B Bhlpa)KeHHH
B pe3YJIbTaTe aroro
naxra
HaYKa H TeXHOJIOrH5I rrOJIyqMJIH B03MO)KHOCTb BopBaTbC5I
,n;H5I,
CBOMX 3MOll,MH B
XOTh OHH H He pa60TalOT
re-renne
60JIhIIIeH
na ¢a6pHKax.
qaCTH
.
11. ,
20
KAK nKl50Bb
CbKliEPXAP~T
CDOP V1PYET
M
M03i
PE5EHKA?
21
,
XX
K nasany
nexa
3MrMYH,n; <I>peM,n;rrOH5IJI , qTO MhI
rrJlaTMM CJlMIIlKOM 60JlhIIlYIO
ueny
CJle,n;OBaJIO peKJIaMHhIX C006IIJ;eHMM, MO}KHO 6hmo, HOC5I
M3
rrpaBMJlhHYIO o,n;e}K,n;y MJIM ynpaanaa
aa 3TY HOBYIO «U;MBH-
rrpaBMJlhHhIM
aBT .O-
,
JlM3aU;MIO», yrneraa
MHOrMe . M3 HaIIlMX HaM60Jlee
HhIX 3MOU;MM. TeM He MeHee
.
OH CqMTaJl, KaK
CMJlh-
Mo6MJ1eM, rroTpe6J15I5I rrpaBMJlhHYIO ezry MJIM noxynaa
npa- .
BMJlhHYIO Me6eJIh. OqeBM,n;HO , qTO JlIO,n;M, TpaT5IIIJ;He ztem-
.M 60Jlh-
~
IIl11HCTBO JlIO,n;e11
roro
CT011T nnarrrrs,
HaMT11 crroco6
ra na ynoanernopenae
BpeMeH11, qTO 3Ty BhICOKYIO ueny
11 HarrpaB11J1 CB011 YC11J1115I TO,
na
ynpaanart,
-rrofisr
co6CTBeHHhIX
}KeJlaHMM, ,n;OJl)KHhI .
He CJIMIIlKOM CMJlhHO 3TM }KeJlaHM5I KOHTPOJlMpOBaTh.
MOIIJ;HhIM11 3MOU;115IM11
KaK11M-
OrpaHMqeHM5I
ceKCYaJIhHOrO rrOBe,n;eHM5I nocreneano
~
TO paU;110HaJlhHhIM
06pa30M.
OH XOTeJl npeztocraarrn,
CHM}KaJlMCh. <I>opMaJlhHOe noaezteane
nazt qYSCTBaMM see 60JIhIIle
JlIO,n;5IMKaKYIO-TO aJlhTepHaT11BY BMeCTO rrO JlHOrO yrneTeH115I 3arrpeIIJ;eHHhIX
U;11M.Ero
«nenemre
cexcyansnsrx
6ece,n;OM» npeztnarano
60Jlee TOHK11M
rOBap11BaH11e C nensro
rrC11XOaHaJI11T11KM
paCCq11ThIBaJl11, qTO raxoe
3BOJl11T1136aB11Th naunerrra
OT «HeBp03a»
CTaJI11 C 60JlhIIleM
MCKJlIOqMTh 3MOU;MM M3 paCCMOTpeHM5I, onepnpya
KO BpeMeHM,
xorzta
. 3apa}KeHM5I, ztorcropa
ryr
BOIIlJl11 B MO,n; y, 11 JlIO,n;11
OXOTOM ,n;eJI11ThCHCB011M11 ceKCYaJIhMaCCOBoro
xoropsre
CMO-
6hICTPO M36aBMTh qeJJOBeKa ' OT C11MrrTOMOBKaKOM-TO
60Jle3H11, He CTpeM5ICh IIp11 3TOM rrOH5ITh , KaK paooraer
.
C rr05IBJleH11eM HOBhIX cnocofios
M <!>apMau;eBTMqeCKMe KOMrraHMM zto
CMX rrop HaCTaMBaIOT na rrOMCKe cpeztcra,
TaK11e rrC11-
HhIM11 rrepe)K11BaHM5IMM, 11 3KOHOM11Ka crana
TaKMMM
rrOH5ITM5IMM, KaK CMCTeMa KPOBOo6paIIJ;eHM5I MJIM npouecc
.
XOaHaJl11T11QeCK11enponenypsr
•
no-
11crpannoro,
11CTep11qHOrO rrOBe,n;eH115I.
KaK 6hI TO H11 6hmo,
rrpe}KHMM. COBpeMeHHa5I Me,n;MU;MHa,n;oCMX rrop CTapaeTC5I
PaHH11e
ne-temre
qYSCTB. MO}KeT rrOKa3aThC5I, qTO
paspsrs Me}K,ll;y «pa3yMOM» M «TeJlOM» B HaYKe OCTaBaJlC5I
11Xrrp113HaH11e 11npo-
CH11311Th Harrp5I)KeH11e.
3aMeH5IJIMCh paCTyIIJ;MM npn-
qYSCTBa 3aHOBO BCTpaMBaJlMCh B KYJlhTYPy. TeM He xreaee
~
11pa3yMHhI11 noztxozt K 3MOU;115IM
cexcyansnsrx
3HaHMeM
11arpeCC11BHhIX 3MO-
M CTporMM KOHTPOJlh
~
MeHHThC5I.
qeJlOBeqeCK1111 OpraH113M B uenoxr.
rrp0113BO,n;-
nonsre phIHK11
OXOTHO rroTpe6J1HIOIIJ;11X nossre TOBaphI.
CTBa CTaJlO Heo6xo,n;11MO TaK}Ke C03,n;aBaTh
.
11 noxynareneii,
PaBHOBeC11e CMeCT11J10Ch
rrp01130IIleJl nepexozt
ro KOHTpOJl11pyeMoM pafioxen
cocpezioro-rensr
OT CTpO-
BOpeH11e.
B TO »ce BpeMH
na caMOKOHTpOJle 11c6epe)KeH11HX BO 11M5I
rcoroporo
Ilponecc
rrpo,n;B11)KeH11H
HOBhIX npozryxron
CYIIJ;HOCT11 1MOIIJ;11
1
noncoanarensmrx
.
,
~
HOBhI11 nonxozi
napazraraa
Orr11ChIBaJlaCh TaK11M11 CJlOBaM11, KaK «3KOJlOr11qeCKaH»,
«C11CTeMHa5I», «o6IIJ;a5I», «K116epHeT11QeCKaH» 11 «sceofrs-
qep-
seaae-
eMJlIOIIJ;aH». OHa
ysce
xoe-rzte
. ,n;11CU;11rrJl11HaX, noxa
HO
060CHOBaJIaCh
erne He crana
,
B pa3HhIX
,n;OM11H11pyIOru;11M
~
QYBCTB 11}KeJlaH1111
.
.B QaCTHOCT11,peKJIaMIIJ;11K11anrrenaposana
He TOJlhKO He-
K ceKCYaJIbHhIM rroTpe6HOCTHM, HO TaK}Ke
11 K }KeJlaH11IO 6hITh JlI0611MhIM ,
HOBa5I rrapanarsia ,
6hIJI rOTOB BOT-BOT rr05IB11ThCH na CBeT . 3Ta
,n;OJl)KHO
6hmo HaMT11yzronner-
nan B,n;OXHOBeH11e rrC11XOaHaJI11T11qeCK11X1,n;e5IX
B
1
0
rrocpeztcrnermo
,
CMJlhI , qh11 u;eHHOCT116hm11
6y,n;ym;ero, K 06IIJ;eCTBY MaCCOBoro rroTpe6J1eH11H , JlI06be
)KeJlaH11e xnenos
HOBA)f IIAPA,ll,MfMA
BhI3hIBaTh
BOCX11IIJ;eH11e
11 rrp11HHT11e ,n;pyr11M11 JlIO,n;hM11.,n:bCT11Qhxce aroro,
KaK
B3rJlH,n;OM na M11p. Bo MHO rOM 611TBa aa YCTaHOBJleH11e
raxoro
C11CTeMHOro nozxozia
6hI Jla Cpa}KeH11eM Me}K,n;y
. «HOBOM HaYKOM» 11«CTapOM HaYKoM». I1CtOK11 3TOM 60ph6hI nexcar
B rex
}Ke
20
30-x
rozrax
XX
sexa,
xorzra
na-
.
12. •
.
CbK) iEPXAP):jT
22
KAK nK)50Bb (])OPMV1PYET
M03i
rrpouecc
qaJICJI
CH11)KeHllJl KOHTPOJIJI Ha,ZJ;qYBCTBaMll.
B 31'0 )Ke BpeMJI
np01130IlIJI11
1'1151B <p11311Ke, xoropsre
B3rJIJI,ZJ; npouecc
na
He
nOlliaTHYJI11
qeJIOBeqeCKOrO
06J13aTenhHO ·
YCTaHOBllBIIIllMCJI
BOCnpllJlT11J1. KBaHTO-
YTBep)K,ZJ;aJIa, qTO cynraocrs
J1BJIJleTCJI cTa611JIbHOM
KaK MbI ee BOCnp11H11MaeM, HO cxopee
nexoe
OTKPbI-
11 CTaT11qHOM,
On11CbIBaeTCJI KaK
u
B YKa3aHHbIH
nepHO,ZJ;BpeMeHH.
3HHIIITeHHa
BbIBO,ZJ;bIH3MeHHJIH
cpe,ZJ;CTB BOCnpHJlTllJI.
MHp
<PYHKu;11J1
namero
Bpaiian
3nnJIaHp,ZJ;
TeopHJI
nOKa3bIBaJIa,
npnnrrrsre
B03MO)KHOCTH
CaHllJI pa60ThI
ysensre
qeJIOBeqeCKOrO
OTKphIJIH, qTO CHCTeMbI OCTaIOTCJI cTa6HJIhHhIMH ,
31'0
qT06bI
csrorpers
na C11CTeMYB u;eJIOM, CBJl311B HeH 6y,ZJ;YT
He JI11-
HeHHbIMll,
a KOJIhu;eBbIM11. BMeCTO Toro qT06bI pa3,ZJ;eJIJlTb
CHCTeMY na OT,ZJ;eJIbHbIe<pparMeHTbI
H11pOBaHl1e 3THX <pparMeHTOB
craporo
ofipasna,
ztorrytneHe MOrJIH
Hexoropsre ysensre,
HaqaJI11 YTBep)K,ZJ;aTb, qTO
acnapnnacs». Pe-
ce6J1 O,ZJ;11H
qeJIOBeK,
<PYHKU;110-
no OT,ZJ;eJIhHOCTH, eooxon
BJIHJleT na TO, KaK Be,ZJ;eT,ZJ;pyrOH,
a 3aTeM rrOBe,ZJ;eH11e roro
a
OKa3bIBaeT BJI11J1H11e a
n
11 TaK ,ZJ;aJIee. Ilpromaa
nepnoro
zrpyroro
11 rrOCJIe,ZJ;CTBllJI aBllCJlT
3
01' TOqK11 spenaa,
B neno-ncy,
01' roro,
01' roro,
cTBeHHoH
B 3aBHCHMOCTH 01'
MbI On11CbIBaeM peaJIbHOCTb ,
B ormcaane
u
C11TyaU;H11, B KOTOP011 3Ta
cymecrsyer, TaKHM 06pa30M,
BllC11MOCT11
X J1BJIJleTCJInpHq11HOH Y
peaJIhHOCTb
JI11HeMHble 3aHe MorYT 6bITb
npaaasr,
TaKoH
rzte Ha6JIIO,ZJ;aTeJIhBKJIIOqHJICJI
HaCKOJIhKO MHoro
MO)KeT 6bITb H BOJIHOM, H qaCTHu;eH,
BO BHHMaHHe.
HJIH MaJIO HH<p0P-
He cytnecrsyer
e,ZJ;HH-
l:fCTHH MO)Ker 6hITh HeCKOJIhKO .
•
cHcTeMHhIH
rrozrxozt rrpomnc
paansre
B
,ZJ;HCU;H•
IIJIHHhI.
B 6110JIOrl1H nOJlB11JIHCb 3KOJIOr11J1 11 3TOJIOr11J1.
. B nCHXOJIOr1111 rrOJlB11JICJI ,lJ;)KOH .60YJI6H,
Ka3aJI: ,ZJ;JIJI
roro
qT06hI
rronaraars
KOTOPbIH
no-
JIIO,ZJ;eH ,He06xo,ZJ;11MO
u
nOJIHOCTbIO 11CTHHHbIMH.
nOH11MaTb
BMeCTO TaKOH «JI11HeHHOH» HayKH CTaJIa 3apO)K,ZJ;aTh-
napaaaraa,
H naysars
,ZJ;llMOrrOHJITh, qTO KaE,ZJ;aJI113CHCTeM CBJl3aHa C ,ZJ;pyrllMH
MaU;1111
npHHHMaeTCJI
CJI HOBaJI
qTO, eCJI11 no-
11 OHH HaXOMTCJI BO B3a11MHOM BJI11J1HH11. o, KaK Be,ZJ;eT
T
CYIu;eCTBOBaHHe.
,lJ;aEe xorzta
KaKHe ,ZJ;eHCTBllJl 6bIJI11
a KaK11e HeT. 31'0 oauanaer,
aJIbHOCTh 3aBHC11T 01' n0311U;11H Ha6JIIO,ZJ;aTeJIJI.3JIeKTpOH
MbI BOBJIeqeHbI
nO,ZJ;pa3YMeBaIOIu;aH 60JIee CJIO)KHOe
cpezry,
B KOTOP011 OHH HaXOMTCJI,
TaK )Ke
KaK H ca,ZJ;oBH11K-CeJIeKU;110Hep ,ZJ;OJI)KeH
113yqH1'h COCTaB
rroassr
H oc06eHHocTH
KJI11MaTa. B rrOCJIe,ZJ;HHe,ZJ;eCJlT11- ·
u
B3a11Mo,ZJ;e11CTB11e; B03HllKaTh
H
B HH<popMaTllKe.
ot03HaJI BaEHOCTb
.
TOJIhKO nOCTOJlHHO a,ZJ;anT11pYJICb 113MeHJIIOIu;11MCJIyCJIOK
ycneIlIHbIM11,
qeJIO-
KaK Bblpa3HJI
«KOHu;enU;11J1
06beKT11BHOH peaJIbHOCT11
TOqKH spenna.
oprannaaa. I1OH, H ztpyrne
nonars,
«Ha6JIIO,ZJ;aeMbIM HaMH
paauepa»,
Bepnep Xaiiaendepr,
TaK11e KaK
qeJIOBeqeCKHX CHCTeM, TaK11X KaK CeMhJl, H ,ZJ;aEe,ZJ;JIJI
onn-
CBJl311, ,ZJ;JIJI
roro
(1992).
B HaYKe
npO,ZJ;OJI)K11Th
csoe
<PYHKU;110H11pOBaHllJI
01'-
B CKJIa,ZJ;K11.
TaKHe
OqeB11,ZJ;Ho,.qTO co CHJlT11eM OrpaHHqeHHH
HHJI,
11CnOJIh30BaJI ee ,ZJ;JIJI 6bJlCHeHllJI
0
.6eHTcoH
OH1131'0 nocpe,ZJ;CTBOM 06paTHOH
H BpeMJI J1BJIJlIOTCJIKOHT11HYYMOM, KOTO-
PbIH MO)KeT 113r116aTbCJI 11c06HpaTbCJI
BeqeCKHX
aHTpOnOJIOr I'peropn
.
HOCHTeJIbHOCTH AJIh6epTa
paznrxansnne
HHe. TaK, 3aMeqaTeJIhHhIH
60JIee I1I11pOKOe nproaeae-
qTO
u
npOCTpaHCTBO
scxope naruna
B11J1M.I1 ocymecTBJIJlIOT
B3a11MOOTHOIlIeH11e, ,ZJ;e11CTBYIOIu;ee onpeztenenB
HOM pHTMe
OHa
23
.
Maxca Ilnanxa
. BaH reopns
peBOJIIOU;110HHble
armaparos,
PE5EH
KA?
MaTeMaTHK
ofiparnoir
OHa naxana
P06epT
113HaqaJIhHO
Beiinep
.n:eTHJI nonxozt,
erne B 60JIhIlIeM
u
nepBbIM
CBH311,ZJ;JIJI
rro,ZJ;,ZJ;ep)KK11
ue-
na B3aHMO,ZJ;eHCTBHe, CTaJI
ztpyr
TepaneBT
paapaoorana
BJIHJlH11e, J1BJIJlIOTCJICHCTeMOH, rzte 06e
,ZJ;B11raTeJIeif 11 JIeTaTeJIhHbIX
OKa3hIBaIOT
norrYJIJIpHOCTb
np113HaeTCJI, qTO rrC11XO .-
JIOCTHOCT11C11CTeM. HeCMOTpJl aa TO qTO ero TeOpllJl 6hIJIa .
,ZJ;JIJI
paKeTHhIX
orr11paIOIu;11HCJI
aasoeasraars
B rrC11XOaHaJI113e. B ero paxncax
.
11nannenr
crenenn
na
ztpyra
B3a11MHOe
qaCT11 B3a11MO-
•
13. •
•
24
CblO iEPXAPDT
~
,n;ellCTBYlOTztpyr C ztpyrora, a He TOJIhKOTeparreBT BJI1l51eT
na nannerrra.
renztenmra
neztymyro napazraray
TeM He MeHee 3Tll
He nOJIHOCThlOn06e,n;llJIll
eure noxa
l!ACTbI
OCHOBbI: MM
JIllHeMHO-
ro pa:O;1l0HaJIl13Ma.
MOM
nozrxoa xaayaeamo
JI51eTC51 llCTeMHhIM.
C
R
3Mo:O;1l0HaJIhHOM)l{1l3Hll
c-nrraro,
qTO xenoaeaecxae
51B-
EH
bI Ji1Ji1XM03f
cyme-
.
CTBa, JIlO,n;ll, 51BJI511OTC5I
OTKphIThIMll CllCTeMaMll,
psre
rrponarcaror
pacrenna,
B K .OTO-
B03BPAIlJA5ICb I( OCHOBAM
ztpyrne JIlO,n;ll, TaK )l{e KaK noszryx, sozta,
Ha Hallie
<pOpMllpOBaHlle
.
OKa3hIBalOT BJI1l51-
~
nae zrpyrne JIlO,n;ll B TOll )Ke crenenn,
qTO II aoaayx,
KO-
CTOJIe,II o,n;e)l{,n;a
na
Tuzp
6yGb mo CQMKa WiU cQMel.{ ocrnuerncx TUZPOM,
v
He3aBUCUMO om mozo, naxooumcsi
Jl.U B csoeu ecmeOH
cmBeHHOU GUKOU cpeoe B OGUHO"IJ.eCmBe
WlU cpeini mblC.fl"IJ.
eMY nOG06HbLX. Ho cymb "lJ.eJl.OBeKa
onpeoensiemcsi
ezo coc~ecmBOBaHueM
C GPYZUMU Jl.IOGbMU; ezo cnocotinocmu
He Mozym tiumi. pa3Bumbl
UM B OGUHO"IJ.KY CQMocmo.flU
meJl.bHO. TaKUM 06pa30M "lJ.eJl.OBe"IJ.eCKa.R
,
pa ca He mOJl.bKO
B MemaifJopU"lJ.eCKOM CMblCJle, HO U B peanunocmu
npuiinu
JlCaemCH K mOMY, "lJ.mo cmaHOBumCH eGUHbLM 4eJZbLM.
nazt rOJIOBOll, II Harne KYJIhTYPHoe
C. T. KOJIepI1,ll;)K, "ITI1CbMa», 1806
•
TOphIM MhI ,n;hIllIllM, II mnna, KOTOPYIOMhI e,n;llM. :vI rraum
•
<p1l31l0JIOrllqeCKlle II ,n;YXOBHhleCllCTeMhI pa3BllBalOTC51 BO
B3allMo,n;eMCTBllll C ,n;pyrllMll JIlO,n;hMll
TeHCllBHO 3TOT npouecc
llMeHHO B 3TOT
60JIhllIllM
nponcxoznrr
rrepnozt
a Ha1l60JIee llHBO MJIa,n;eHQeCTBe, .
~
B3allMo,n;el1CTBlle BHOCllT Hall-
BKJla,n;.MhI )l{llBeM B CO:O;l1aJIhHOM
MHpe, B KO- .
TOPOM MhI 3aBllCllM
OT CJIO)KHhIXnerroxex
B3allMo,n;eMCTBl15I.:vI rrmna na nanretr
nanrera TeJIe, II xpsnua
CO:O;llaJIhHOrO
~
•
oxpyacenae
MhI
nee aanacar
-ae MO)l{eM BhI)l{llTh
OT 3TllX CJIO)KHhIXnenosrex.
O,n;Ha)l{,n;hI eMHoM 31lMHeM HOQhlO MeH51pa36y,n;I1JI'reT
B O,n;llHOQKY.
130JIee TOI'O, MJIa,n;eHe:o;
Ha1l60JIee nonsepzceaaoe
CO:O;llaJIhHOMYBJIl15IHlllO cymecrao
na nxanere.
B
JIe¢OHHhIM 3BOHOK, KOTOPhIMCllrHaJI1l31lpOBaJI 0 TOM, qTO
nananacs
3TOM
,n;OMallIHlle PO,n;hI ,xoropue 51cofiapanacs
xasrepy, R
BJI1l51Hllll MO)KHO HaMTll KJIlOQ K TOMY, QTO C060M npen-
qaTJIeTh na
CTaBJI5110T
ero 3MO:O;lll1II KaK llMll ynpaBJI51Th. 3TO 03Ha-
HO 6JI1l3KO ee He 3HaJIa.
QaeT, QTO nanr
MJIa,n;eHqeCKI1M
60JIhllIee BJI1l51Hllena TO, KaKllMll
•
onsrr
OKa3hIBaeT Ky,n;a
ztenarr. C 3TllMll
sarr, c06CTBeHHhIM
xoropsre
onsrr
TeJIhHhIM 060py,n;OBaHlleM.
xpoaarn
II yqllMC51 TOMY, qTO
qYBCTBaMll, HaqllHaeM
nare,
CllCTeMaT1l31lpO-
II Bhlpa6aThIBaTh
npafisina
Mars
C MaTepblO pansnre,
B ee ,n;OM n, no,n;H51Bnenana B KOMHaTY na
BepXHeM 3Ta)Ke ,n;OMa,narpyacenaaa
B3POCJIhIMll MhI CTaHO-
arrepssre
R
nracs na 'rpn JIeCTHllQHbIX rrponera,
BllMC51, QeM MhI CaMI1 06 3TOM ,n;YMaeM. :vIMeHHo BO MJIa,n;eHqeCTBe MhI QYBCTByeM
scrpesanacs
sane-
3BYKOBhIM II OCBeTll-
II oren Cll,n;eJIll na xpaio
B ,n;ocTaTOQHO
nYCTOMII cJIa60 oCBeru;eI-IHOMKOM-
na nOJIY KOTOPOM6bIJIll paCCTeJIeHhI
raaersr. KOMHa-
ra 6hIJIa HanOJIHeHa aTMoc¢epOM TllXOM npaKTllQHOCTI1,
MeXaH1l3MhI,
cocpe,n;OTOQeHHOCThlOna TeJIe MaTepll.
6y,n;YTBJIl15IThna Hallie ,n;aJIhHeMllIee rroaezreaae
Axynrepxa
nepe-
Mern;aJIaCb no KOMHaTe, B TO BpeM51 KaK . 513aHHJIa O.n;llH
II YMCTBeHHhle cnOC06HOCTll.
ee yrOJI. C06hIT1l51 paaaopasaaanacs
•
•
6hICTPO, II ncxope
•
14. ,
. CblO iEPXAPD T
26
KAK nlO50Bb
,
MaTb cn aezra rra KOPTO'1Kax nazt raseraxra ,
My)K ee nozt-
a H 3anHCbIBaJIa y,ll;HBHTeJIbJIYIO raMMY rrpo-
H3BO,ll;HMbIX eto 3BYKO B,
xoropsre
CTaHOBHJIHCb see 60JIee
HaCTOH'1HBbIMH H, HaKOHe:o;, neperu nn
B rnyrioxoe
PbI'1a-
27
MaMa rOBOpI1T , '1TO H 6bIJIa CJIO)KHbIMpe6eHKOM , KOTOPbIH
u
ztepxornan,
<D
OPMVlPYET
M03i PE5EHKA?
IIJIaKaJI OT KOJIHK Ka)K,ll;bIH
.
senep
MeCR:o;eB,a XO(l.H·I'bH ronoptrrs
aa rrpOT.H)KeHI1I1MHornx
H Ha '1aJIa O'IeHb pano,
nononsr
ztana MHe TaKHM 06pa30M
,lI;JI.H
ropnocrn
OHa
H,lI;JI.HOTu
HHe, CHrHaJIH3HpYH 0 TOM , '1TO MJIa,ll;eHe:o;CKOPOnOHBHTCH
TOp)KeHHR, paCCKa3bIBaR 0 TOM, '1TOHBJI.HeTCR
'1aCTblO MoeH
aa CBeT. MOH 3HaKOMaR-OnepaTOp
co6CTBeHHOH I1CTOPHH )KH3HH. Ho ecru H ,ll;pyrn:e
He CMOrJIa npnexars
BOBpeMH, '1To6bI 3ane'1<;1,TJIeTbpoacztenae,
H' ,lIyMaTb aafistna ,
nornomemraa
rreHHOH Ba)KHOCTH.
Korzta
HO H 06 STOM
C06bITHHMI1 nepaocre-
petienox
rrOKa3aJICR na CBeT,
nsrrannrrs
HapJ)KY nanm
H CHOBaB HaIIIHX OTHOIIIeHHRX C 6JIH3KHMH JIlO,ll;bMH.
cne:O;H<pH'1eCKHe
H O'1apOBaHHbIe TaHHCTBOM )KH3HH nootime.
IIIeHHH
pO,ll;HTeJIbCKHH ,ll;OM H ' aaxarr,
u
co6CTBeHHYIO
.
B3pOCJIYIO .
u
)KH3Hb, '1aCTb TOH )KH3HH, 0 KOTOPOH rrl1IIIYT B HeKpOJIO-
cnocotiu
C ,lI;pyrHMH
na npHJII1B
nOCTpoeHHH
JIlO,lI;bMH, cnocotisi
11 aaryxanne
HHH 11 onpe,ll,eJIHeTCH
.
'1eTbIpe 6paKa 111111 ,ll;HH , ny6JIH'1HaR )KH3Hb I11IH
O
)KH3Hb 60JIee 3aKpbITaH ,
rparenna
na )KH3HeHHOM nYTH,
I1CTOPHRmoraaa JIH'1HOCTHB CO:O;HaJIbHOe
ofintee.
I{aMH OCTaeTC5ITO, '1TO C,ll;eJIaJIOroro
periemca
3a cK06-
S'fHM MO-
H BHeIIIH ero
He TOJIbKO nCHXOJIOrH'1eCKHMH,
Mor:o;Hoe BJIHRHHe ztpyrnx
SMO:O;HOHaJIbHOH )KH3HH ,
C03HaHHH,
OHH
ce65I apxeOJIOrOM
HeBH,ll,HMaH HCTOPlIH
JIH'1HOCTH, H TO)Ke qaCTO o'rzraro ce6e
crvlor npOHBI1Tb CBOH reHeTH'1eCKl1e sananca
.nOBepXHOCTblO
,
. TeMnepaMeHTa.
CTPYKTypbI.
ansnsre
H
.
,~
OT'1eT, qTO qaCTO CMOTPlO na mozten,
rtre
-
cxpsrroro
Ka)K,ll;OH JII1'1HOCTlI. KaK 11 <f>peH,lI; , KOTOPbIH Ha3 blBaJI
JIKl,ll;eHna TO, B KaKOH CTeneHH HOBOpO)K,ll;eHHbIH pe6eHOK
11rrOTeH:O;HaJI
OHH COCTaBJIH-
u
,
JIO,ll;bIM'1eJIOBeKOM, H oco rienno
B3aHMOOTHO-
pearHpOBaHH5I
HO H <pH3HOJIOrH'1eCKHMH IIIa6JI OHaMH.
lOT CKeJIeT nauren
<popMHpyeT
SMO:O;lIOHaJIbHOrO aanpaace-
u
rax,
onsrr
B cyr:o;HOCTH, nanr caMbIH paHHHH
HbI SMO:O;HHMH,
6JIarOrOBeH nepezt Ha'1aJIOM HOBOH )KH3HH
J)K HaBepHHKa rOTOB rrOKHHYTb
MJIa,n;eH'IeCKHe I1CTOPHI1 , nOTO- .
¥IX B ce6e 11npO)KHBaeM ¥IX CHOBa
MY '1TO MbI sceraa necen
y Hac nce x CTOHJIHCJIe3bI B rJIa3aX , MbI 6bIJII1 OIIIeJIOMJIe-
TOT MJIa,ll;eHe:o;reneps
cnocoriu
CKaHHp YH CKPbI-
Ho B OTJIHqHe OT <t>peH,lI;a,KOTOPbIH nozt
BHAHT npHMHTI1 BHbIe
arpeccnsaae
nOTpe6HOCTI1,
MOTHBbI ,
xoropsre
ceKcyOH CqI1-
u
C rrp06JIeMOH
STOM yposne
raxoro
pozta CJIO)KHO CrrpaBI1TbC5I na
OrrHCaHHR . ,l1,a)KeB 6Horpa<pHRX MbI MO)KeM
TaJI HeBH,ll;HMbIMI1 ,ll;BHraTeJIHMH qeJIOBeqeCKOH )KH3HH,
H
nnty
HeBHAH'MbIe 06pa3:O;bI B3aMMOOTHOIIIeHHH,
HaHTH HH<popMa:O;HlO0 TOM , 'ITO pe6eHOK PO,ll;I11ICH
TaM-TO
psre
H roraa-ro
3TH 06pa3:O;bI onpezteneansna
y TaKHX-TO pO,ll;HTeJIeH, )K113HbKOTOPbIX aa TOT
MOMeHT paaaopaxnaanacs
TaRHM-TO 06pa30M,
HO nparc-
THqeCKH HeB03MO:lKHO BOCC03,ll;aTb BClO ,ll,HHaMHKY B3aH,
MooTHoIIIeHHH,
u
K OTOPaR ,CBH3bIBaJIa na TOT MOMeHT po-
,ll,HTeJIeH H pefiemca.
nmcorzta
TaKHM 06pa30M,
HaM rrpaKTH'1eCKH
He yztaerca Y3HaTb, qTO »ce HMeHHO npOHCXO,ll;H-
KOTO- .
BnJIeTalOTCR B HaIIIH TeJIa H M03r BO MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe.
06pa30M
HaIIIY )KH3Hb. C06CTBeHHble
panane
HanpaBJIHlOT BClO
B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHH
<f>pei1Aa c MaTepblO C<pOpMI1pOBa JIHB HeM omymeaae
CTBeHHOH oco6eHHOCTH, xoropoe
noaznrae B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHR
aa y6I1HCTBO conepamca
OH rrepenec
c06-
H aa 60JIee
BMeCTe C qYBCTBOM BHHbI
csoero
MJIa,ll;IIIero 6paTa, KOu
JIO B nanrera
MJIa,ll,eHqeCTBe, aaztanaa
XOT5I rrexoropsre
ceneiinsre
,
.
nparaue sonpocsr,
6aHKI111: aHeK,lI;OTbI rrpOJIHBa-
IOT na 3TH I1CTOPHH nexoropoe
KOJIHqeCTBO CBeTa. MOH
TOPOMY OH )KeJIaJI CMepTH. COnepHHqeCTBO
IIIeM
csrrpano
orporanyro
B zram.aea-
pOJIb B rrpO<peCCHOHaJIbHOH
:lKH3HH <f>peH,n;a. B03MO:lKHO,
reopaa
xaoca
nOMO:lKeT
'
15. •
•
KAK ni050Bb
CbiO r-EPXAPDT
28
CIlOPMV1PYET 03i
M
PE5EHKA?
29
•
B 06bJICHeHI1H 3TOrO Moryrn;ecTBa
Ona
Hero ztercrna.
MOM nanane
o KOTOPOM llJIOXO 3a60TI1JIHCh BO MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe, ,ll;eMOH-
CIOJKeTOB can oro pan-
crpnpycr
rJIaCI1T, qTO MaJIeHIllHe pa3JII1qHJI B ca-
npouecca
npasecra
MOryr
Ho 3TOT rrepaozi nanreii
·JKI13HI1
pannee MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBO
HeBpOJIor: Zlar BaTT
Ha3BaJI «HeBcnOMHHaeMbIM 11He3a6bIBaeMhIM » (2001: 18).
qeM pe6e-
HOK, 0 KOTOPOM 3a60TI1JIHCb ,ll;OJIJKHbIM
06pa30M,
K 3Haq11TeJIbHbIM
~
60JIee peaKTHBHbIH OTBeT na crpecc,
.
paCXOJK,ll;eHI1JIMB ,ll;aJIbHeHIlleM.
KI1MHqeCKI1e peaKIJ;HH rarose
ero 6HO-
6y,ll;yr OTJIHqHbIMI1. M03r ·
caM no ce6e HBJIJIeTCJI«COIJ;I1aJIbHbIM» opranosr,
uaasman
.
KaK ero
ITHTep <PoHarH, BbI,ll;alOIIJ;I1HCH
yqeHbIH, KOTOPbIH
panaeii
Harne
MbI He MOJKeM C03HaTeJIbHO BbI3BaTb BocrrOMHHaHI1JI 06
H:3yqaJI <pOpMHpoBaHHe
rrpHBJI3aHHocTH.
3T11XC06hITHHX, HO H 3a6bITbIMH I1X Ha3BaTb HeJIb3JI, TaK
C03HaHI1e B03HI1KaeT I1nanra 3MOIJ;I10HaJIbHaH c<pepa nOJIy~
KaK OHI1
acrpoensr
B nanr oprannara
11<pOPMHP)'lOT nanm
a He B I130JIHIJ;I1H. 3TO
·OJKH,ll;aH11JI nOBe,ll;eHHe.
H
B caMOM
ztene qTO-TO cyntecrsyer
xoropsre
CYIIIeCTB)'lOT CHJIbI,
-raer CBOIOopraHH3aIJ;I11O npn yxacran
nozt rrOBepXHOCTblO,
II06YiK,ll;aIOT Hac K qeMY-TO,
HO OH11He COBceM re, 0 KOTOPbIX nHCaJI <PpeH,ll;.<Ppei1,ZJ;
BHztezr 11XB rroTpe6HOCTJIX TeJIa,
xoropsre
JIOBeKa KaK 6HOJIOrHqeCKOrO cymecrna.
cymecrsyror
y
-re-
OH ,ll;YMaJI,qTO 3TH
oana-raer,
ztpyrnx
C03HaHHH,
casrsre HeBH,ll;I1-
qTO 're
peaKIJ;I1H
xoropsre <pOpMHP)'lOT HaIllI1 3MOIJ;HOHaJIbHble
ua npOTJIJKeHHH JKH3HH, HBJIHIOTCHHe CTOJIbKO
HaIllHMH
npHMHTHBHbIMI1
Mble CI1JIbI,
6I10JIOrl1qeCKHMI1
nOTpe6HO-
CTJIMH, CKOJIbKO 06pa3IJ;aMI1 3MOIJ;HOHaJIbHOrO B3aHMOlI,eHCTBI1JI C ,ll;pyrI1MI1 JIIO,ll;bMI1, <P0PlVII1PYIOIIJ;HMI1CJI
HaI1-
rroTpe6HOCTI1 BXOMT B KOH<pJIHKTC COIJ;11aJIbHbIM11pasan
60JIee aKTI1BHO B nepaozi MJIa,ll;eHqeCl'Ba. 3TH 06pa3IJ;bI He
JIaMH H ,ll;aBJIeHHeM IJ;HB11JI113aIJ;11H,
xoropsre COCTaBJIJIIOT
HeI13MeHHbI, HO, KaK I1 JIlO6ble ztpyrne
ry
YCTaHOBJIeHbI,
xacrs
«cynep-sro»;
JIHqHOCTH, KOTOPYIOHa3BaJI
nanpa-
o-rens
npnnsrrxn; 6Y,ll;yqH
TPY,ll;HOnoaztarorca
I13MeHeHI1IO.
· JKeHHOCTb H KOH<pJI11KThI eJK,ll;y 3T11M11
M
,ll;BYMJIrrOJIIOCaM11
· MOJKeT rrpeO,ll;OJIeTb TOJIbKO CI1JIbHOe KOHTPOJIHp)'lOIIJ;ee
«aro».
3TO rrpencraaneane
HO H, Ka3aJIOCb 6bl,
6bmo
HMeeT npaso
Ho HeCMOTpJI na TO qTO raxoe
•
o-rcas
06bJICHeHHe COOTBeTCTBO-
eM COIJ;HYMa.
MeHhIlle
11. pa3YMeeTCH,
IlleHHO rre ycrpanaaer
,lI;JIH roro
qT06bI
IIOHJITb YHI1KaJIbHble ,ll;JIH KaJK,n;oro
qeJIOBeKa 06pa3IJ;bI pearI1pOBaHI1H,
HaM HYJKHO aepnyrs-
CHB canoe HaqaJIO, K OCHOBaM, 06paTHO K 6eCCJIOBeCHbIM
•
~
CTeCHeHHOH ,ll;aBJIeH11-
3TO npezrcrasnenae
MeHH casry -
COBep-
Mo _enpeacraanenae
o TOM, KaK pa3BHBalOTCJI M03r 11TeJIO,
rrpezmonaraer,
<PpeH,ll;a, OHO He
,ll;JIJI IIOH11MaHHJI COBpeMeHHoH . 3MO-
IJ;HOHaJIbHOCTI1, ropaazto
)I(EHCI(OE ijAPCTBO
na cyrnecrsoaamre.
BaJIO I1H,ll;HBI1,n;yaJIbHOH
I1CTOPHI1 casroro
BnOJIHe noaxoznrr
pacnpocrpane-
qTO JII1qHOCTb ropaaao
rrOCKOJIbKY OHO
60JIee aBTOHOMHO
lI,HHM MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBa, xorzta
~
MaTepeI1, I1JIH ztaxce pam-me
HaXO,ll;I1JIHCbB yrpo6e.
Hac ,ll;epJKaJII1 pyxn
KO BpeMeHI1, rcorzta MbI
3TO BpeMH oc06eHHO
3BaTb B nHMHTI1, He TOJIbKO OT roro,
MbI He anazteexr pe-n.io,
HaIllI1X
rpyzmo
BbI-
qTO B MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe
zta I1 C03HaTeJIhHaH naMHTh erne
I1 caMOCTOHTeJIhHO. <popMI1pyeTcH, qeM 3TO yraepxeraer-
He pa3BI1Ta, HO I1 nOTOMY, qTO 3TOT nepnoa
CJI. 5I yrnepzcztaro,
rca Tpa,ll;I1IJ;I10HHOnpOXO,ll;I1TBO B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHI1JIX MeJK- ·
I1 noszmee
OnI1IIIY 3TO zteransno,
qTO
· MHOrI1e CTOPOHbI TeJIeCHbIX <PYHKIJ;I1H 3MOIJ;HOHaJIbHOI1
lI,y JKeHIIJ;HHOHH pe6eHKOM.
JKH3HI1 petien-
OH npOXO,ll;HT sa 3aKpbITbIMI1
~
ro noaezrenas
C<pOpMI1pOBaHbI B qeJIOBeKe B pe3YJIbTaTe
COIII1aJIbHOrO B3aI1MO,ll;eHCTBHJI.
K
npnxrepy,
pe6eHOK,
lI,BepHMH,
B,ll;aJII1 OT B3rJIH,ll;OB, na
HeapTHKYJII1pyeMOI1
_
16. •
CblO iEPXAP)"1T
30
•
Teppl1TOpHH
KAK nlO50Bb CDOPMV1PYET 03r PE5EHKA?
M
peiienxa
TeJI H qYBCTB, MOJIOKa, ra311KOB H rexynmx
v
MH rrpHJIHBaMH,
cBepXCHJIbHbIMH
u
rrOJIHeHHbIH qYBcTBaMH,
Hppal(HOHaJIbHbIMH,
.
3aCTaBJI5IIDT MaTepeH
H cxrorpers
.
eCJIH
)KeJIaTb
v
na CBOHX MaJIbIIIleH;
xoropsre
pe3KOZO np06YJl(OeHU5l, nanonnennast ZHe80M, 31iaR., umo
MOU npepeanuuii COHnpeepamum eecs CJleoylOZ«UU oetu.
8 ao, tlmO etiepeou ez«e nOJlIiO KOUlMap08 U npoc,b6 06
ymeUleHuu, xmo B C80eu U3MomaHHocmu 51. MOZY HaKpUllamb na oemeii, a OHU He noiiuym npuvunsi maKOZO
noeeoeuusi. J! nOMHIO CBOUsuacni: 0 mOM, umo ueumanu.
51. pasyuunact»
(PUll, 1977:31).
rOpMOHaJIbHbIv
xoropsre
rrOCT05IHHO 'rporart,
na-
~
Ka)KYTC5I conepmenno
rrorrporionars nsrpasarr,
CJIOBaMH, TaK )Ke CJIO)KHO Ha3bIBaeMbIMH,
HX
KaK qYBcTBa,
npn 3aH5ITHH ceKCOM HJIH BJlID6JIeHHocTH.,
3TOT onsrr 5IBJl5IeTCHqaCTHbIM onsrron )KeH-
B03HHKaIDrn;He
I1 TaK
unm,
KaK
5I nOMHfO, KaK uma B Kp08amb nocze
•
v
CJIIDHeH, yrrpaBJI5IeMbIH
B myWlem.
31
He MJ)KqHH, OH 6bIJI qaCTO CKpbIT OT rJIa3 H He npezi-
CTaBJIeH B KYJIbType, aa HCKJIIDqeHHeM
rcorzta rrHCaTeJlH-<i>eMHHHcTKH Bce-TaKH
HBHTbCH, TaK KaK czienana
pezncrx
ztanana
cnyxaea,
eMY rrpo-
3TO A,n;PH3H PHq:
«JIJlOXue U xopoiuue 80cnOMUHaHU5l HeOmOeJlUMbl OJl5l.
•
MeH5l opyz om opyea. 5I 8cnOMUHafO MOMeHmbl, «oeoa,
,n;BH)KeHHe 60- X H
)l{eHcKoe
B03MO)KHOCTb
paccxasart,
v
V·
0 qaCTHOH ,n;OMaIIlHeH )KH3-
t, crroco6CTBOBaJIO pa3pYIIleHHID
rpamru
Me)K,n;y qaCT-
III H rry6JIHqHOM c<i>epaMH )KH3HH. MbI cetisac
CBo6o,n;HO
•
ICY}K,n;aeM3aHHTHe ceKCOM H He BH,n;HM npn 3TOM noztlTbIX B B03Myrn;eHHH ry6 OKpY)KaIDrn;HX, MbI B OTI{PbITYID
rrepecyesrca
rro,n;po6HOCTHMH qaCTHOM )KH3HH 60raTbIX
KOPM5l.ZpyObfO KaJ1COOZO MOUX oemeii, 51. 8cmpellWlaCb
U3
832Jl5l.00M C ezo UlUPOKO pacxpumuuu CMOmp5l.Z«UMU
na MeH5l ZJla3aMU U OC03Ha.BWla, llmo Mbl npuxpennenu
opye K opyzy lie mOJlbKO 3a Cllem coeOUHeHU5l epyoi: u'
pma, 1i0 U 3a Cllem HaUlUX 83ZJl5l.008, nanpaenennux
opyz
na opyza: ZJly6UHOU, cnoicoiicmeueu, cmpacmuo smozo
meMHO-CUHezo B32Jl5l.0a, nanonuennozo
MyopocmbfO seK08. 5I 8cnOMUHalO mo ¢U3UlleCKoe .y0080JlbCm8Ue, «ozi»:
pe6eHOK npucacueancsi K MoeUHanOJlHeHHOU MOJlOKOM
zpyou, 8 mo epeus, tcozoa y.uensi ne 6bLJlO opyzux ¢U3U-
pa3YMoM,
rrepecrann
3HaMeHHTbIX. MbI J)Ke
•
70- X roztoa XX nerca OTKPbI-
r6J1HqHble JIID,n;Hncero
y,n;HBJlHTbCH
TOMY, 'ITO
JIHIIlb JlID,n;HH qaCTO npecryna-
r MOpaJIb, TaK )Ke KaK H OCTaJIbHble. MbI
rrpaanaen,
l,n; ,n;eTbMH COBepIIlaeTCH cexcyam-noe
HaCHJIHe. 3MO-
fH 60JlbIIle
He JIBJlHIDTeJITeM, 0 qeM He rOBOpJIT B o6rn;e-
Bnaroziaps
Be.
qTO
paspsra
3THM rrpoueccasr
Me)K,n;y pal(l10HaJIbHbIM
e B 60JIbIIlell
H 60JIbIIlell
1,n;I1T
finaroztapa
H HppaU;HOHaJIbHbIM
crenenn
lID. KaK JI rOBOpHJIa panee,
Me)K.n;y TeJIOM
noztsepraerca
COMHe-
na MOM B3rJlH,n;,3TO nponc-
nee pacrymesry
nnrepecy
co CTOPOHbI
•
lleCKUX Y0080JlbCm8UU, 3a UCKJllOlleHUeM HanOJlHeHIiOZO.
'llYBcm80M 8UHbl Y0080JlbCm8U5l om nOCm05l.HHOZOn02JlOiuenusi eObl.... J! nOMHIO MOMeHmbl ycnoxoeuusi U uupa,
Kozoa no «axcuy-mo CizYllaUHOMY cmeuenuio 06cm05l.meJlbCm8 MHe yoaeanoa.
npunsm» 8aHHY 8 oounouecmee.
JIOMHIO, KaK 51., npaxmunecxu
ysuipas: om neoocuna,
. ycnoxaueana
petienxa, «omopouy npUCHUJlC5I.KOUlMap,
nonpaenstna yna8Ulee ooesoio, cozpeeana ycnoKoumeJZbHyfO 6ymbLJlKY MOJlOKa, BeJla lianOJl08UHY CnRz«ezo
lYKH K 3MOl(HHM, rrpoPbIBaIDrn;eMyeJI
ierpazra
•
,
v
B nay-nron
v
fOHaJlbHOH
v
cpezte K HCCJIe,n;oBaHHIDHaIIleH 3MO-
cynnrocrn,
O,n;HaKo H3MepeHHe
ropnonos,
IH YPOBHH
-repea nocnezume
YPOBHH M03roBoll
BKJIIDqeHHbIX B
aKTHBHOCTl1
peryrnrpoaanae
v
~Ol(HOHaJIbHOrO noaenenna
B3POCJIbIX JIID,n;eH, MO)KeT
J)KHTb TOJlbKO BcrrOMOraTeJIbHbIM
.'
cpeztcrsosr
.
B HaIIleM
IHl1MaHHl1 3MOl(HOHaJIbHOM )KH3HH. 3TH rrOKa3aTeJIH He
.
.
)fYT 06'bHCHHTb,
no-rexry MbI cefia Be.n;eMTaK HJIl1 nna-re.
•
•
17. •
•
. KAK nlO50Bb QlOPMV1PYET 03i PE5EHKA?
M
CblO iEPXAPDT
32
B3pOCJIhle JIlOP;1l
v
.
npomrcannsrx I} caaax
IICTOPIIll,
xoropsre
Ona
pe3YJIhTaT CJIO)KHhIXB3allMOp;e:HCTBII:H,
rronaeprnncs
CJIlllliKOM
cncrexrax
II3MeHeHIIlO
crremnpa-recxae
opranaaua,
B TeqeHlle
IIOTpe6HOCTII,
OTJIIIqHhle OT petiemca,
na yp6aHIICTIIqeCKOM
BpeMeHII ..
Hanpo-
II YHllKaJIbHhle.
nsre
33
pO)Kp;eHHOrO
MaHX3'rTeHe.
Ka)K;:J;hI:HMaJIeHhKII:H qeJIOBeqeCKII:H OpraHII3NI
p;aeT CBOlO C06CTBeHHYlO CIIM<pOHlllO
C03-
BII6pIIPYIOID;YlO,
v
TIIB, Mhl P;OJI)KHhIBepHYTbCH K llCTOKaM 3MOU;IlOIiaJIbHOll
)KIl3Hll,
rrponeccan, xoropsre
K caMblM paHHHM
Jl5IlOTnama
3MOU;llOHaJIbHble rpaercropna,
orrpezte-
K MJIap;eHU;y
rryJIhCIIPYIOID;YIO'
as pa3JIHqHhIX PllTMOBll
<PYHKU;ll:H,
na-
rrOJIH5IlOID;llXTeJIO, P;llPll)KIIPY5I llMll xepea CllCTeMY XllMIIqeCKHX II 3JIeKTpIIqeCKllX
.
CllrHaJIOB. BHYTPII OpraIIII3Ma
MHO)KeCTBO CIICTeM CB5I3aHhI ztpyr C ztpyron p;OC1'aTOqHO
II ero llJIII ee 3MOU;IIOHaJIhHOMYOKpY)KeHlllO.
cJIa60, II Me)KP;YHllMII qaCTO CJIyqalOTC5I a3HOrJIaCll5I. 3TH
p
v
CllCTeMhI B3allMOp;eIICTBYlOT
•
HE3ABEPJJJEHHbIJ1 MllAtEHEIJ
3JIeKTpIIqeCKllX
XpaHIITb
.
B -racrn
nponecca
p;eHU;bI KaK rnnna.
<pOpMIIpOBaHII5I JIIIqHOCTII
Ka)Kp;bI:H pO)K;:J;aeTCH reHeTHqeCKHM
C
rrJIaHOM II YHllKaJIbHbIM
6eHKa
ecri,
MJIa-
Ha60pOM
B03MO)KHOCTe:H. Y pe-
TeJIO, aarrporpaxoanposannoe
pa3BIIBaTbC5I
ztpyr
11 XIIMllqeCKIIX
CIIrHaJIOB, CTpeM5ICh CO-
rrplleMJIeMhI:H yposeas
B036YEP;eHll5I, rrOCT05IH-
HO aaarrrapyacs
II BHeIlIHIIM,
II
K II3MeH5IlOID;IIMC5I06CT05ITeJIhCTBaM -
srryrpemnrr«.
B
06pa30M,
Mnazteneu
mrrepaxrnaaBTOHOMHhI:H. Hercoropsre CIICTeMbI
MaTHqeCKOrO pa3BllTIl5I
HbI:H npoercr,
opranaasra
a He
3aKOHqeHbI
_'.
60JIhIIIe
JIlOp;e:H. Hexoropsre
.
rrorraBIIIllM
orrpeztenenxsrii
rOTOBbI <PYHKU;IIO-
TaKIIX,
II 6yP;YT pa3BllBaTbC5I
na «aapoznnnesr,
ecrs
•
.
HeT.
qeJIOBeqeCKOrO zterensnna
HHpOBaTh, HO ropaaao
p;pyrHx
cpeztcrn P;JI5I aBTO-
HO HllKaKIIX
xoropsre
)KH3HII
opraaaaxr
naasmaror
.
BO BHeIIIHllll
MJIap;eH-
v
MHp», 11B 3TOM
CMbICJI, TaK KaK pe6eHOK
He. rOTOB
<PYBKU;IlOHllpOBaTh caMOCT05ITeJIbHO 11rpeoyer
B03p;e:H-
rrplleMJIeMbI:H
ypoaem.
xozmoe COCT05IHlle P;JI5I aEP;OIl 113CllC1'eM, I{OTOpOe 3TllM
K
CHCTeMaM B p;aJIhHe:HllIeM HY)KHO 6yp;eT noztztepxoraars.
Korzta
xce
nponcxonanrae
C06hITll5I BhI3bIBaIOT B036Y)KP;e-
HHe CHCTeM BblIIIeYKa3aHHoro
YPOBH5IJIll60 orrycxaror
CTBll5I P;JI5I BOCCTaHOBJIeHIl5I cxoaaoro
n
. Ho B caMOM na-rane
COU;llaJIbHbI:Hnpouecc.
COCTOHHll5I
.
HOpMy H)l)KHO onpeaemrn.,
Mnaaeneu
.caMOCT05ITeJIbHO, P;JI5I YCTaBOBKH HOPMbl eMY neofixo•
•
P;IlMO CKOOPP;IlHllpoBaTh CBOll CyICTeMhI C TeMII JIlOP;bMll,
npacnocarinnnarorca
ypOBHlO CTllMyJI5II~1l1l H
npnasrxaior
nanfionee
JIOBeqeCKYlO xynsrypy
Tarcaxr
06pa30M
3<p<peKTHBHbIM cnocotion
OT ozmoro
Ka)Kp;bI:Hpefienox
en nozt re 06CT05ITeJIbCTBa llJIII
OH OKa3aJIC5I. Pe6eHoK,
.
coxoropnora
rrJIeMeHll
rrOKOJIeHIl5I ztpyroxry.
MO)KeT 6bITb noztcrpo-
oxpyacenae,
B KOTOPbIX
pO)Kp;eHHhI:H B apxaa-nrora
B
qe-
Herrane,
6yp;eT IIMeTb
Bbl-
xym.ryp-
H 3TO
He MO)KeT cztenarr. 3TO
MID;IlXC5I B ztenpeccmr,
rrOJIHO nepenars
nx
.
llMeeT
TaK KaK rr03BOJI5IeT nanfionee
IIC-
v
xoropsre
anasenae,
casnra
B036Y)K;:J;eHH5I, onpezienaer
CTBllH B3POCJIbIX JIlOp;e:H. B 3BOJIlOU;IiOHHOM CMbICJIe 3TO
ocofioe
MeC5IU;bI
TOJIbKO YCTaHaBJIllBaeT' 3TOT
erne He
B OTBeT na BJIII5IHIIe
yseasre
carasre rrepnsre
v
•
onpezrenennsna
C p;pyroM rrOCpep;CTBOM
HaXOMTC5I BOKPyr Hero.
,l(eTll
MaTepe:H, naxoK Hll3KOMY
K HII3KOMY YPOBHlO
rrOJIO)KllTeJIhHbIX 3MOU;Il:H. ,l(eTII 6eCrrOKO:HHbIX MaTepe:H
MOrYT
rrpaxomrrs
B COCT05IHlle rrepeB036YEP;eHll5I,
II llM
MO)KeT. Ka3aTbC5I, qTO qYBCTBa rrpOCTO BblphIBalOTC5I na
qeJIOBeKa B3pbIBHhIM 06pa30M
JIOBeK, KOTOPbI:HqYSCTBa
mrrero
II qTO C 3TllM HII
ncrrsrrsrsaer;
He MOrYT cztenarr.
(JIll60
can
-re-
Hll OKpYEalOID;He
OHH MorYT
rrbITaTbC5I
.
18. ,
CblO rEPXAPrT
34
KAK nlO50Bb C1JOPMV1PYET PE5EHKA?
M03r
HOCTeM ,ll;JI5Iofipafiorror
nOJIHOCThIO OTKJIIOQllTh BCe QYBCTBa, QT06hI cnpasrrrsca
. C HaXJIhIHYSilleM BOJIHOM).
CTaTOQHOeBHllMaHlle,
Zlern,
KOTOphIe rrOJI),,-IaIOTzto-
O)KI1,ll;aIOT OKpY)KaIOn:t;llXII Mllpa
OT
OTBeTa na CBOll qYSCTBa, a TaK:>Kenoxrorua
aaexaarrroro
B noaapamenaa
KOM~opTHoro
6hITOqHOrO CTllMYJIllpOBaHll5I.
HIOIO nosroms,
nponecccxr
COCT05IHH5IB czrysae na-
Ilpa
co BpeMeHeM onn
3TOM,
BHeIII-
HayqaIOTC5I ynpaBJI5ITh
caMOCT05ITeJIhHO.
PaHHllM,
MJIa,ll;eHqeCKllM ornrr
B qaCTHOCTH,
CllCTeMhI,
onsrra,
xoropsre,
MOryT C~OPMllPO-
nponeccsr
)Ke ,ll;pyrlle
poaanan
Hanpauep, MOryT 6bITh
pearaposaaaa na crpecc, a TaK-
,ll;OJI)l{HbIM06pa30M.
MeXaHll3MbI
,
yrrpaBJIeHI15I 3MO:U;I15IMll,B perynn-
KOTOPhIX rrpnmnraror
y-racrne
.n:a:>Ke
caM POCTM03ra, TeMITbI xoroporo
B
nepasre
rrOJITOpa
rozta
)Kll3Hll,
v
uenporrerrransr .
nantionee
BbICOKll
MO)KeT 6bITb HapYIIIeH,
ecmr YCJIOBI15I, KOTOPbIX OH pa3BllBaeTC5I, nefinaronpnB
5ITHbI. KaK B
asrpannraanaa paccazrsr
B 6JIarOrrpI15ITHhIX
YCJIOBI15IX
XOPOlliO pa3BllBaeTC5I KOpHeB35I cncreraa
TOK 6bICTPO pacrer,
TaK H C JIlO,ll;bMll
M uae-
3MO:U;ll0HaJIbHble
xoropsre y QeJIOBeQeCKllXzterensnneii OQeHb •
aanporpasorapoaansr no cpaanenmo C ,ll;pyrMMM
cnocofiaocra,
CJIa60
npe,ll;CTaBMTeJI5IMll)KllBOTHOro MMpa, B HaM60JIhilleM CTerrena 3aBllC5IT OT onsrra H oKpYEeHI15I.
B nCllXOJIOrMQeCKOMcsoea ITpOCTOTeMJIa,ll;eHe:u;
TaK:>Ke
nanosomaer
paccazry. Hyscrna HaQMHalOTCH C OQeHb 6aaosoro YPOBH5I. Mnazieneu acnsrrsmaer ofimee QYSCTBO
,
crpecca
llJIll
y,ll;OBOJIbCTBlliI, KOM~opTa
I1JIll ,ll;llCKOM~Op-
.
ra, HO pa3JIllQH5I Me)K,ll;y HMMH, nx CJIO)KHOCTb B03MO)KII
HOCTll ynpaanenaa
Y
Hero noxa
llMM. ITOKa OQeHh He3HaQMTeJIbHbI.
erne HeT ,ll;OCTaTOQHhIX
YMCTBeHHbIX cnoco6•
KOM~opTa H Y,ll;OBOJihCTBI15I,
H 60JIbilleM
rrpnxozmr
crerrenn
nocrnraer
OH nee B 60JIhilleM
3TOT Mllp.
II HaXOMTC5I P5I,ll;OM
CHHM, sarraxa,
Paansre
JIlO,ll;ll
3BYKH II reap-
TllHJ(ll rrOCT05IHHOMeH5IlOTC5I TeQeHlle ,ll;H5I I HOQll, H noB
I
~OpMllpOBaThC5I IIIa6JIOHhI, cxesna •.
zree nOBTOp5IlOn:t;HeC5I 06bITH5I II CBOMCTBaII COXpaH5ITh
C
BaTbC5ITaK, QTOonn He CMOryT yqaCTBOBaTb B yrrpaaneaan
nospexcaema
He,ll;OBOJIhCTBa ,ll;I1CKOM~OpTaII B ztocrnII
CllCTeMhI B CB5I3HC nx
.
npoueccaem
)KeHllll
B3POCJIhIX
ilOCTeneHHO MJIa,ll;eHe:u;HaQHHaeT pacnoanana'rs
6ll0XHMllQeCKlle
B cnyxae np06JIeMHOrO panaero
B YMeHhIIIeHHll
OH nOJIaraeTC5I na
OKa3hIBaeT orposoroe
He3peJIOCThlOII TOHKOCThlOperynnpoaaaas.
onpeneneansre
B TO BpeM5I noxa
CTeneHHO na-nraatcr
B03,ll;eMCTBlle na ~ll3ll0JIOl'llqeCKlle
ecrs
nonysaa
Ho
TaKOM CJIO)KHOMllH~OpMa:U;llll •
nx B nassarn
KaK 06pa3:U;hI. 3TO MO)KeT 6hITh ycnoxan-
BaIOn:t;MM
06pa3 YJIhI6aI{)n:t;eMC5I aTepll,
M
HaTY, xoraa
naario-
OH nna-rer
BXO,ll;5In:t;eM KOMB
B CBoeM KOJIhI6eJIll, a MO)KeT 6bITh
35
19. .,
•
.
CblO iEPXAPDT
36
KAK nlO50Bb C1JOPMV1PYET PE5EHKA?
M03i
a y 3THX JIIOtJ;eM CBOIOoxepear,
B
TaIOKe ecrs CBOHocofien-
HOCTH. tIYBCTBHTeJIhHa5I MaTh 3HeprHqHOrO,
H MeHee qYBCTBHTeJIhHOrO petiemca
arpeCCHBHhIM
.
H He. omymars,
aKTHBHoro
MO)KeT CqHTaTb ero
'ITO OHH
aacrpoeasr
aa
v
BhIqaHHO CJIO)l{HOorne-rars
anarnsmsr
H norpyacemr
KOHTaKT «rnaaa B
~
aa aanpocsr
CBOHX,lJ;eTeH,OHH
B ce6JI, OHH He IIO,ll,tJ;ep)KHBaIOT
rnaaa-
HCKJIIOqHTeJIhHO ,lJ;JIJI
roro,
qT06hI rrepeozters
HJIH IIOKOP-
MHTh.
CqHTaTh ero y,ll,06HhlM, He rpetiyrounm
B3aHMOtJ;eMCTBHJI ,lJ;pyrHMH JIIOtJ;hMH(<PHJI,lJ; zrp.,
C
H
. TaKHM, xoroporo
JIerKO seane fipart,
C C060M. TaKHM 06-
pa30M, H HaqHHaeTC5I aKTHBHoe, ,lI,HHaMHqeCKOe B3aHMO-
I1x ,lJ;eTH Bblpa6aThIBaIOT
,lJ;errpeCCHBHhIM crrocof
1988) .
.
OHH ,lJ;eMOHcTpHPYfOT MeHhIlIe
(H JIeBOe rrOJIYIIIapHe
pyxa
C pe6eHKOM H 6epYT nx na
O,1l;Hy
BOJIHy. Ho MO)KeT CJIyqHTbC51H TaK, 'ITO OHa 6ytJ;eT
JIHIIIHHX YCHJIHM,
37
u
rrOJIO)KHTeJIhHbIX 3MOU;HH
HX M03ra
MeHee axrnano).
B 60-
~
,lI,eHCTBHeMe)KtJ;yJIHqHOCTJIMH.
rree B3POCJIOMB03paCTe
xoraa
petienox
na-nnraer
xo-
~
Ba)KHO OTMeTHTh, 'ITO KOHeqHhIH pe3YJIhTaT B3.aHMO,lI,eMCTBHJIB 60JIhIIIeM
crenenn
orua,
qeM OT pefiemca.
ztaace
caxrsre
rrpexpacao
OHH xyxce CrrpaBJIJIIOTCJI KorHHTHBHblMH
C
JIMH, H Y HHX BCTpeqaIOTC5I rrp06JIeMhI C rrpHBJI3aHHOCTbIO
I1CCJIetJ;OBaHHJI rOKa3hIBaIOT, 'ITO
r
K MaTepH. B 60JIee II03,l1,HelVIlJ;eTCTBe
,
HX 3MOU;HOHaJIbHble
paanpaaorrensnsre
CJIO)KHhle H
MJIa,ll,.eHU;hl
H pa3BHB3IOTCJI B cnysae,
eCJIHHX
pO,ll,HTeJIH ,lI,OCTaTOqHOOT3hlBqHBhl H rOTOBhl npncnoco-
rrp06JIeMbI
Kynep
COXpaHJIIOTCJIH HapaCTaIDT (MIOppeM,
H MIOppeM,
Ha zrpyroxr
Hexoropsre HCCJIe,ll,OBaTeJIH zraace 3aTpY,1l;HHJIHCh
,1I;aTh
onpeaenemre CJIO)KHOrO
MJIa,ll,eHu;aB carasre nepnsre neztemr )KH3HH H npezmonara-
tJ;HThCJIB
IOT, 'ITO raxoe
Hhle xrarepn,
6HThCJI K HY)K,ll,aM cnoero
pefiemca.
onpeztenerrae
BO MHOrOM 3aBHCHT OT BOC-
rrpHJITHJI pO,1l;HTeJIeM
(BOJIKe H CT. ~)l{eMMC-P06epT,
1987)
H 'ITO TaKOM CTHJIh ,pearHpOBaHI'IJI YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCJI B reqeHHe nepsoro
(Cpoyrp 1995). Tpyzmue
rozra )KH3HH
tJ;eTH
1998;
rrOJIIOCe
eCJIM pozmrens
HaXOMTCJI ,n;pyrHe MaTepH,
ztenpeccmr,
xoropsre
B
60JIee 3JIbl, ztaace
3TO 60JIee arccnpeccaa-
nexcropora
rroTpe6HOCTJIMH petienxa
CMbICJIe aoaxrynteasr
H qYBCTByroT Bp3)K,lJ;e6HOCTbrro
OTHOIIIeHMIO K HeMy. OHH MorYI' Bblp3)KaTh 3TO OTHOIlIe.
HHe K pe6eHKY TeM, 'ITO 6epYT ero na pyKH pe3I{0 H
60 HJIH ztepxcar na
nyio
3TOM TaKa5I MaTb o-rens aKTHBHO 3aHJITa
yq"
1981).
CBOHX pO,ll,HTeJIeM (I1reJIeH,lI, H Cpo-
KaK 6hl TO HH 6bIJIO, nenpocroii
He MO)KeT 6hITh rrpa-mnoii
3YJIhTaTa (EeJIhCKH H zip.,
HhlM perienox
rapaHTHpOBaHHO
1998),
HMeeT 60JIhIIIyro
pa3BHTHIO B cnysae,
C TOqKH 3peHHJI petienxa,
«rpyzmsre-
nnoxoro
pe-
XOTJI60JIee qYBcTBHteJIh-
TeHtJ;eHU;HIO HeY,1l;aqHoMY
K
eCJIH ero pO,ll,HTeJIHHe CTpeMJITC5Irro-
3HaTh H y,n;OBJIeTBOpHThero
zrene
TeMrrepaMeHT
ocofiemtsre
rroTpe6HOCTH.
nepefinnaa
pyxax
CHrHaJIOB. )l{ecToKHe
rrOJIIOCe IlIKaJIbl
u
pO,lJ;HTeJIH 3TO PO,lJ;HTeJIHzmyx THrrOB:
..
XOJIO,lJ;HO OTCTpaHeHHO.
H
pefiemcora,
rpyIlpn
qaCTO
MJIatJ;eHqeCKHe HHHIJ;HaTHBbl H He qHTaJI ero
MaTepH TaIOKe HaXOMTCJI rra 3TOM·
(JIaMoHC-PYT H ztp.,
1991).
~eTH
TaKHX
-
MaTepeH TaIOKe pa3BHBaIOTCJI xyxce H He ,lI,eMOHCTpHpyroT
u
3,lJ;OPOBOH
IIpHB.lI3aHHOCTH K MaTepH,
U;HOHaJIhHOMY H36eraHHIO
y Hero MOryT 6hITh B caMOM
HaBJI3qHB -
MOryT 'raIOKe naxo-
HO OHH ropaaao
eCJIH 3Ta 3JIOCTh 3aByaJIHpOBaHa.
xoropsre
1992;
,n:OyCOHH ,lJ;p., 1992).
MOryT CTaHOBHThCJI TaKOBbIMH B OTBeT na 3MOU;HOHaJIhaeaocryrmocrs
3a,ZJ;aHH-
HJIH
cymecrsyro'r
3aBHCHT OT MaTepH
,lI,HTb
CTpeM.lITC5I K 3MO-
HJIH ,lI,e30rpaHH30BaHhI
B TOM
HJIH HHOM CMblCJIe.
K CqaCTbIO; 60JIbIlIHHCTBO pO,lJ;HTeJIeM
HHCTHHKTHBHO
pO,ll,HTeJIHHeBHHMaTeJIhHhle H pO,ll,HTeJIHHaBJI3'lHBhle. Ha
rrpOJIBJIJIIOTK CBoeMY pefienxy
,n;OCTaTOqHOeKOJIHqeCTBO
O,ll,HOMrrOJIIOCe
BHHMaHMJI, qT06hl ofiecrre-nrrs
eMY 3MOU;HOHaJIbHyro 6e3-
eCJIH pO,lJ;HTeJIhHeBHHMaTeJIeH
na-
XOMTC5I MaTepH B COCTOJIHHH
ztenpeccmr, KOTOPhIM qpe3-
onacnocrs.
Ho BOT 'ITO OKa3hlBaeTCJI HaH60JIee KPHTHqHO
,
20. •
•
Cb!O iEPXAPDT
38
KAK n!050Bb (]lOPMV1PYET
M03i PE5EHKA?
•
U
,lI;JI5IMJIa,ll;eHn;a -
crenens,
U
B KOTOPOH PO,ll;HTeJIhHJIH aa-
U
MeH5IIOID;HH ero B3POCJIhII13MOIJ;HOHaJIbHO,n;ocT)TIIeH, ero
npncyrcraae
(3M,lI;e,
1988), ,lI;OCTaTOqHOe
,lI;JI.H
roro,
3aMeqaTh CHrHaJIbI H perymrponars
pyztaxsenrapasrx
aa I1CKJIlOqeHHeM caxrux
MO}l(HOCTH ynpannrrrs C06CTBeHHbIMH ::,)MOIJ;H5IMl1.
B 60JIee
IIlHPOKOM COIJ;HaJIbHOMCMhICJIeMHe Ka}l(eTC5I,
.
U
"ITO HaCT05IID;1111
HCTOqHHK MHOrHX
,n;eJIaThTO, "ITO pe6eHOK He B COCT05IHI1Hcztexars M5I ce65I
can,
IIl11M nOKOJIeHIDIM q)'BCTBa He3aID;11ID;eHHOCTH11 HeB03-
qTo6bI
COCT05IHIDIpe6eHKa,.H npHMI1-
(aanpuaep,
cocamre
CJIO}l(HOCTe:i1: O,ll;HP
TeJIhCTBa JIe}l(HT B pa3,l1;eJIeHHOCTHpa60TbI
11,n;OMa, qaCT-
HOll }l(113HHH 06ID;eCTBeHHo:i1:,KOTOPaJICTaJIa pe3YJIbTaTOM
.
THBHhIX cnocooos
-OJ
.
H30JIHpOBaHHOCTH MaTepeH B HX ,lI;OMaX, IIpH O'fC)'TCTBI-II1
CBOl1X coficrsen-
HhIX naJIhIJ;eB, eCJIH rOJIO,ll;eH,HJII1 OTBOpaqHBaHHe rOJIOBbI
CHJIhHOll nO,ll;,lI;ep}l(KHOT ztpyrnx
OT H3JIHIIlHe Cl'I1MYJIHpYIOID;ero B03,l1;ellCTBIDI).
HOCTH pa3HOo6pa3HTh
B3POCJIbIXH 6e3 B03MO}l(-
exceznrennste
3a6oTbI.
3TH yCJIO-
BH5I CaMl1 no ce6e C03,l1;alOT
6a3y,ll;JI.H pa3BHTH5I ztenpeccmi
H q)'BCTBa 0611,l1;hI He,n;OBOJIhCTBa,xoropue
H
BalOTC5I C ncxyccraeano C03,n;aHHOll CHTyaIJ;He:i1:, orzta HM
x
I-IaIIle BpeM5I HenonYJI.HpHO pacrmcsman,
npeJIeCTH
v
pO,ll;HTeJIhCTBa C rex nop, KaK }l(eHID;HHbI B O}l(eCTOqeHHOI1
pasmrx C MYEqHHaMH npan na pariore
XOT5IT ncnsrrsmars qYBCTBO BHHbI ~T. roro, "ITO OHH
60ph6e
H He
P;06HJIHCh
.
OJ
3aHI1MalOTC.Hxapsepon,
HHMaeTC5I HX ,lI;eTbMH.
'
,
....
B TO BpeM5I KaK KTO-TO zrpyron
B
rarce 5J. qaCTO ncrpesarocs
Moell
trpenonaaarenscxoic
OHH
neazteansnsr.
sa-
u
CTOHTJIH BHHHTh MaTepeH B TOM, "ITO
BHHa H TpeBO}l(HOCTh qaCTO noziorpe-
BalOT BpaE,lI;e6HOCTh no OTHOIIleHHlO K HCC.JIe,n;OBaTeJI5IM,
KaK 3TO CJIyqHJIOCh C ,lJ;}l(eeM BeJIhCKH 113 YHI1BepCHTeTa
JIOH,ll;OHa, asropa
O,ll;HOrO H3 HaH60JIee
Ba}l(HhIX HCCJIe-
,lI;OBaHHll B 3TOll 06JIaCTH, KOTOPbIll H3yqaJI B03,n;e:i1:cTBHe
.
neaztexaarnsrx
u
u
BOCnl1TaTeJIeH na zteren
H B ,lI;OMaIIlHHX
MaJIOrO MO}l(HO ,n;OCTHqh, KpHTH-
•
ey5I poznrreneii.
KpHTHKa He BJIH5IeTnOJIO}l(HTeJIhHO na HX
B03MO}l(HOCTb n03HTHBHO pearnposars
na co6CTBeHHbIX
,lI;eTe:i1:. TO }l(e BpeM5I n03HTI1BHaJI no,n;,lI;ep}l(Ka MO}l(eT noB
u
MOqh yHTH OT 3aID;HTHoro nOBe,n;eHIDI, xoropoe
,lI;eT5IMH rronaepacraaer
ztenart,
BbI60p
u
nOpOqHbIH
xpyr
apeznrr
nepeztasn
HX
MJIa,n;-
Me}l(,n;y patioroii
H ,n;eThMH,
•
XOT5I OqeBI1,l1;HO, ITO 11M HYEHO 11TO 11ztpyroe
"
1992).
(HhlOBeJI,
Ho B YCJIOBH5IXOrpaHHQeHHOrO BhI60pa pO,ll;I1TeJII1,
•
TeM He MeHee, ,n;OJI}l(HbIOCHOBbIBaThC5Iira TOqHOM nonnMaHHH 'roro,
B
"ITO rrponcxozmr
C yIX pe6eHKOM.
<pI13110JIOrHqeCKOM CMbICJIe MJIa,ll;eHeIJ; BO MHorHX
acnexrax
HeOT,lI;eJIHMOT csoeii
MaTepH, OT ee l'eJIa. OH aa-
BHCHM OT MOJIOKa, KOTOPbIM OHa ero mrraer,
pHHCKoe 'reno
noro
nosroraer
OHO
eMY B peIYJIHpOBaHHH
MaTecepztex-
pHTMa H KpOB5IHOrO ,lI;aBJIeHIDI, OHO otiecne-nraaer
eMY HMMyHHYIO 3aID;HTy.
Ero MYCKYJIbHaJI aKTHBHOCTb pe-
ryJIHpyeTC5I ee npHKOCHOBeHIDIMH, TaK xce KaK H yposeas.
ero ropMOHOB. OHa corpesaer
raer
CHH3HTh ypoaem.
K HeMY H KOPM5I ere.
YCJIOBI15IX, 1B ,lI;eTCKHXcaztax.
1
Be3YCJIOBHO, o-rens
ueooxoznoao
npax-
CTeM, "ITO CTy,n;eHTbIHeH36e}l(HO
.
nO,ll;HHMalOT sonpoc,
TaK TIJIaqeB-
HO CKa3hIBalOTC5I na pa3BHTHH ,lI;eTell. )l{eHID;HHhI CTaJIKH-
PAHHEE PEfVllJ1POBAHJ1E
B
39
ryJIHpOBaHHe
ero CBOllM TeJIOM H nOMO,
ropMOHOB
3TO 6a30Boe
nostoraer
pe6eHKY
crpecca,
npHKaCaJICb
<pH3HOJIOrHqeCKOe peBhI}l(HTb.
u
Peitsen
KaCK,
u
IlHCaTeJIhHHIJ;a, onHCaBIIlaJI CBOH MaTepHHCKHH OIlbIT, roBOpHT 06 3THX nponeccax
perynauan
TaK:
Ee306.llQllHOe CY14ecm808QHUe Moeu oouepu mpe6yem
cepiesnoi: nOOOepJICKu.Ilpescoe scezo, .R. 8blnO.llH.R.1O
poni.
novex 8 opeanusue: y6upalO omxoou. »cusneoestmem»:
.
21. ,
CblO iEPXAPUT
40
KAK nlO50Bb CDOPMV1PYET
M03i PE5EHKA?
nocmu. Samesc lCaJf(Oble mpu 'laca R 3aJiUBalO MO.1l0ICO
eii B pam. aHO npoxooum uepe» cuaneuy tnpytioue« U Bbl-xooum uapyxcy. 3mu euoenenusi R euxuoueaio. KaJICOble
24 uaca R nozpyxcato ee B BOOY, «motn« ouucmumt, ee.
5I MeHRIO eii ooeJf(oy. IIoC.1le m020 xa« ona notiuna He«omopoe BpeM51 OOMa, R BblBOJf(Y ee na npozynxy. IIoC.1le
mozo xax OHa n02Y.1l5l.1la,R npUHOUlY ee OOMoll. K020a OHa
xovem cnums, R ee yioiaoueato. K020a OHa npocunaetncst,
R 6epy ee na PYKU. K020a OHa n.lla'lem, R oepJf(Y ee Ha pylCax, noxc OHa He nepecmnxem. 5I pasoeeaio U ooeeato ee.
E HanO.1lHRIOee .1l1060BblO, 6ecnOICORCb0 mOM, oaio nu R
oocmamouno, MaJiO unu C.1lUUlICOM
MH020. 3a6oma 0 neii.
cpaenus«i c omeemcrnsexxocmsro 3a nozooy MU 3a pocm
tnpaeu. (Cusk, 2001).
po,n;a H}')KHa ,n;eTJIM rrOCT05IHHO B
MeCJID;eB. KaK rnmrer
KpeTIOCTHOe rrpaso,
Pe6eHKY
crrocotien
Kacx,
'renenae
'ra-
paticrno,
MOIO HeB03MO)KHOCTh yHTM».
HY)KeH B3POCJIhIll, 3a6oTJIHBhIll
HaCTOJIhKO, qTO
rrOJIHOCThlO M,n;eHTM<pMD;MpoBaThce6JI C pefien-
KOM, CqMTaTh ero
HJ)K,Zl;hIH norpefinocra
ztenen B 3TOT nepnozt
CBOHMM; MJIa-
)KM3HH JIBJIJIeTCJI<pM3MOJIOrMqeCKMM
.
v
.
M nCHXOJIOrH"lIeCKMM npo,n;OJI)KeHMeM CBoeH MaTepM, HeOT,n;eJIMMhIM OT nee. ECJIM OHa
ITJIOXOee pe6eHKY,
cztenari,
petienxa
yroznro
"lIYBCTByeT ITJIOXO,xorna
HeMe,n;JIeHHO, YCTpaHHTh npM"lIHI-Iy,n;MCKOM<popTa
MO)KeT ztenars
ecrs 6yrhmOqKa
C co6CTBeHHhIM
•
C3aMeHllTeJIeM
'Ieopera-recxa
rerreps,
rpyznroro
KTO
xorzra y Hac
MOJIOKa, HO 6MO-
6y,n;eTztenars 3TO eme II B CBJI3M
rOpMOHaJIbHhIM
•
csoricrsemro
unro C peoeaxoxr,
perynsmra.
3TO oc06eHHO
JIOrll"lJeCKaJI MaTh petiemca
60JIee
ce65I
OHa 6y,n;eT CTpeMHThC5I "liTO-TO C 3TMM .
II B 3TOM cyrs
npnxocaoneaaa.
6eHKa. II ero
COCT05IHMeM, II ell 6y,n;eT
YCTaHOBMTh CMJIbHyro ll,Zl;eHTll<pMKa-
"lIYBcTBoBaTh ero 3MOU;MMKaK CBOll c06-
CTBeHHhle, HMe5I BHyrpeHHHM
v
HCTOqHMK,Zl;JIJI
sroro,
ycnoxaanaer
OHa
nepeB036)1)I(,n;eHHe,
nesep-
Mars zienaer
B OCHOBHOM C IIOMOrn;hlO JVIHMMKH, rona
cnoero
rOJIOca,
rpOMKHll
BXO,ll;5IB ero
3TO
ITJIaq peCOCT05IHHe,
•
llpMBJIeKaJI ero }'POMKHM rOJIOCOM, 3epKaJIhHO orpaxcaro.rn;HM ero
v
nocreneano
TIJIaq,
YBOM ero B nOKOH, CHM)KaJI
v
M MHTeHCHBHOCTb ronoca,
rpOMKOCTh
pa3rOBapHBaJI,
11cnoxoiinoe
rrepesozta
CTIOKOMHO C HHM
ero CBOHM npnraepoer
B MMpHoe
COCT05IHHe: I1JI11OHa CM5IrqaeT Hanp5I)KeHMe
•
petienrca,
HaXOMm;erOC5I
06HHMaJI
ero.
spautaer
M
HeBep6aJIhHOrO
yrrpaaneamr
3TY rrp06JIeMY
nesam.aoro
oriccne-nmaromae
Ii
rnasa-
06rn;eHM5I OHa B03-
B KOM<popTHoe COCT05IHHe.
eCJIM OHM He MorYI'
C pe6eHKOM
nOKa"llMBaJI H rcpernco
YJIhI6KOll H IIIMPOKO paCKphIThIMM
periemca
B3pOCJIhle,
B cnysae,
B ronyce,
I1JIH OHa MO)KeT pa3BeCeJIMTh
MJIa,n;eHD;acaoeii
MHorMX
3TM 3a,n;aqM «ycTaHaBJIMBaIOT
3aKJIIOqaeTCJI TaIOKe B
6aJIhHOM OTKJIMI{e na qYBcTBa pefiemca.
MH. BceMM cnocotiaxm
OCHOBHaJI CJIO)l{HOCTh COCTOMTB l'OM, qTO safiora
xoro
Pamree perynnposanae
41
McnhIThIBalOT
YXO,ll;' 3a
,n;OCTHqh aroro
pe6eHKOM,
e,n;MHeHM5I
CJIO)KHOCTH.B 3aMe"llaHMH
CBOHMH qYBCTBaMM, CKJIOHHbI 3aKpenJIJITh
aa cneayrontee
Taxoii petienox
peryJIJIU;HH, TpaHCJIMpYJI ee
nOKOJIeHHe, .na c06CTBeHHoro·
petienxa.
He MO)KeT HayqIlThCJI OTCJIe)KHBaTh H3MeHeHHR coticraeanoro
3MOD;MOHaJIhHOrO CbCT05IHM5I'H 3<pcpeKTHBHO ynpas-
JI5ITh 3THMH H3MeHeHlliIMH,
HayqMJIH ero 3TO zienarr.
eCJIM ero
MaMa HJIH nana
M He ,n;eJIaJIM3TO sa Hero
HeM MJIa,n;eH"lIeCTBe. Y Hero
He
B pan-
MO)KeT TaK H He B03HHKHyrh
rrOHHMaHH5I, KaK eMY npOCTO OCTaBaThC5I na nJIaBY, B zianHOM ero COCT05IHMH. TaK)Ke OH MO)KeT mapacrn
c omyme-
. HHeM, =rro OH M BOBce He ,n;OJI)KeH MMeTh HMKaKHX "lIYBCTB,
paa ero
po,n;HTeJIH He aasrexaror
HMM. MJIa,n;eHD;hI oxens
HX H He mrrepecyrorca
"lIYBCTBHTeJIhHhI K raxoro
pozta
CKphIThIM CHrHaJIaM, H OHM I13Ha"llaJIhHO OTBeqalOT na TO,
-rro
HX po,n;HTeJIH ,n;eJIaIOT, a He na TO, -rro
OHH rOBOp5IT
HJIH ,n;YMaIOT. Ho eCJIH po,n;HTeJIM B caMOM ztene OTCJIe)KHBalOT M3MeHeHHe 3MOD;Mll y pefienxa
M 6hIC'fPO orse-raror
22. •
.
na 3TH H3MeHeHHH,
6JIarOrrOJIyqHH,
rr03BOJIHH BOCCTaHOBHTh omymemre
MaJIhIIll
q)'BCTBa 113aMeqaTh
MO)KeT HayqHThCH
I1CrrhIThIBaTh
I1X. OHII MOryT CTaTh OC03HaHHhIMI1.
ECJIH 3a6oTHm;HeCH B3pOCJIble ,lJ;eHCTBYIOT
rrOCJIe,lJ;OBaTeJIhHO,
npeacxaayeuo,
rroneaenaa.
TO Moryr
na-rars
B03HHKaTb 06pa3IJ;hI
«Korzta H IIJIaqy,
MJIa,ll;eHeIJ; MO)KeT aasreaars:
MaMa sceraa
He)KHO 6epeT MeIDl na PYKH» llJIH «ECJIH OHa
v
naztenaer
3TH
nansro,
H CKOPO rrOqYBCTBYIO CBe)KHH B03,ll;YX».
6eCC03HaTeJIhHO
npaoopereaasre,
06pa3IJ;bI H O)KI1,lI;aHHHonncansr
Hl1eJIh
Illrepn
paaasrn
43
KAK nlO50Bb CIl0PMV1PYET 03i PE5EHKA?
M
CblO iEPXAPQT
42
•
(1985)
pa3HhIMH
Ha3hIBaeT
rresepoansmre
aaropaxm. Zla-
HX 0606m;eHHhIMH
06-
B3aI1MO,ll;eHCTBHH. ,lI;)KOH EOyJI611 Ha3hIBaeT
I1X
6hITh PH,IJ;OMH HacTpaHBaThCH
KOM
, qT06hI
OTCJIe)KHBaTh ero
.
na O,lJ;HyBOJIHY C
nOCTOHHHO MeHHIOIu;HeCH
COCTOHHHH, HO OHH TaIOIze ,lJ;OJI)KHhI osro-n.
n
xozte na CJIe,lJ;YIOIu;llHyposeas.
qeJIOBeKOM,
6a30Bhle
nepepafioransr
pefien-
'-IT06hI
CTaTh HaCTOHIu;I1M
petiemca
peaKIJ;HH
eMY B rrepe-
,ll;OJI)KHhI 6hITh
H HJ)KI-IO C<pOpMl1pOBaTh 60JIee CJIO)KHhIH
C
.11crreIJ;HcpHqI-IhIH MexaH1l3M
q)'BCTB.
MOIu;hIO orimee
«MHe IIJIOXO» MO)KeT pa3JIO-
outymenae
v
)KHThCH na IJ;eJIhIH
cnexrp
HHe, paao-rapoaamre,
pO,lJ;HTeJIhCKOHno-
paanpaxce60JIh. 11 CHOBa
qYBCTB, T.aKHX KaK
rnes,
6ecrrOKOHCTBO,
MJIa,ll;eHeIJ;, H ztaxce qyrh
60Jlee
CTapIllHH
pe6eHOK,
MO)Kel' rrpOBeCTH 3TU pa3JIHqHH 6e3 novoum
(1969). BI1JIMa EyqqH
Ha3hIBaeT HX «cxeMaMH 3MOIJ;I1H» (1997). P06epT KJIaHMaH 30BeT HX «nponezrypnoii rraMHThIO». B He3aBHCI1MOCTH OT reopnn, B paeucax KOTOPOH OHH onncanu,
nee
CXO,ll;.f!TCH
aa TOM, qTO O)Kl1,IJ;aHHHOTHOCHTeJIhHO ztpyrnx
JIIO,ll;eH H nx ,ll;eHCTBI1H coxpanensr BHe C03HaHHH, ofipa-
'roro,
3YIOTCH BO BpeMH MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBa H CPOPMI1PYIOTna BCIO
Ka3bIBaIO"f» eMY ero qYBCTBa
,ll;aJIhHeHIllYIO )KH3Hh <PYH,ll;aMeHTnamero
He
B3pOCJIOro,
3TO cnoero
«sayrpenaae pario-me
MO,ll;eJIH»
v
rrOBe,lJ;eHHH BO
rcro J)Ke 3I-:IaeT, B qeM COCTOHT3TH pa3JIHIIHH. PO,ll;H-
TeJIh TaK)Ke ,n;oJI)KeiI rrOMOqh pe6eHKY
B OC03HaHHH 3THX
q)'BCTB, CTaHOBHCh ,ll;JIHHero BHp-ryaJIhHbIM
I1CII0JIh3yeT ,ll;eTCKHH nener,
CJIOBa H )KeCThI, qT06hI
3epKaJIOM. OH
11pe)'BeJIHqHBaH H YCHJIHBaH
pe6eHOK
Mor
rrororrs,
qTO PO,ll;I1-
«no(Iepzosenn H YO"fCOH, 1996),
'reJII1 He Bhlpa)KaI01' TaKHM 06pa30M
CBOI1q)'BCTBa, a
pozra «rrCHXOJIOrl1qeCKaH 06paTHaH CB.H3b»,KOTOPaH oriecne-nraaer 3HaKOMCTBO C qeJIOBeqeCKOH KYJIhrypOI1, B pasrxax I{OTOPOH MhI MO)KeM narepnperaposars
MbICJIH H q)'BcTBa
CBOH H qY)I{lle (cDoHarH, 2003). Pov
B3aHl10,lJ;eHCTBHHC,ll;pyrHMH JIIO,ll;hMH. MhI He OT,ll;aeMce6e
orxera
B TaKOl'O
pozra
ztorrymennax,
HO cyru;eCTBYIOT H OCHOBaHbI rra nanrexr
onsrre. 11 caxroe
TOM, qTO MhI
onpenenen-
HO OHII
caMOM
rJIaBHOe H3 3Tl1X ztorrymenaa
npezmonaraexs,
pannesr
COCTOHTB
v
,lJ;HTeJIHBBO,IJ;HT
pefienxa
v
qTO OKpJ)KaIOIIJ;He Hac JIIO,ll;H
6y,IJ;yr 3MOIJ;HOHaJIbHO ,lJ;OcTyrrHbI ,ll;JIR roro,
qT06bI IiOHRTb
OHaJIbHbIH MHP,
paamrraue
•
q)'BCTBa
11 HaHTI1
KOMcpopTHoro
MOCTh,
v
cnocof cnpaanrscs
pacnosaanaa
q)'BcTBa.
06hlqHO
H. Ha3hIBaH qeTKO H HeHO
3TO ofiyaenae
rrpoHCXO,lJ;HT
.
C HI1MH, ,lJ;OCTl1qh
COCTORHHH, rcorzta B 3TOM ecrs
,lJ;pyrHMI1 CJIOBaMH, nosroryr
B 3TOT 60JIee CJIO)KHhIH 3MOIJ;H-
,ll;OCTaTOqHOHeOC03HaHHO .:
He06xo,lJ;H-
pe6eHKY
B
ynpan•
JIeHHH q)'BCTBaMH H ,lJ;OCTH)KeHHH
q)'BCTBa 6JIarOrrOJIyqHH.
Te zrern, KOTOPhIM He Y,IJ;aeTCH
CCPOpMHpOBaTb TaKHe O)KH-
•
HEHAlJ,E)I(HA5I IIPMB5I3AHHOCTb
M HEPBHA5I CMCTEMA .
,lJ;aHHH, I1CCJIe,lJ;OBaTeJIH 06JIaCTl1 rrpHB.H3aHHOCTI1 Ha3hIB
BaIOT
«nenaztencno
rrpHB.H3aHHhIMH».
PO,ll;HTeJIH ,ll;OJI)KHhI 6hITh
3MOIJ;HOHaJIhHbIMH
MH
rpenepasm.
perienxa
B cnyxae,
csoero
pozia
OHH ,lJ;OJI)KHhI rOCTOHHHO
r
MaTh,
xoraa
3a60THIu;I1HCH
B3POCJIhIH, 06hlqHO
He B .nazry CO CBOHMH c06CTBeHHhIMH
q)'BCTBa-
23. •
•
CblO IEPXAPDT
44
KAK nlO50Bb (J)OPMVlPYETM03r PE5EHKA?
•
.MH, eM MO}f{eT 6hITh nerrpocro
pe6eI-IKY.
norao-rs
ECJIH ee c06cTBeHHoe
6JIOKHpOBaHo
IIOrJIOm;eHa,
11JI11, Ha060poT,
OpraHIf3M
B 3TOM nponecce
.
. rrOJIyqI1Th
OC03HaHHe qYBCTB 3aeCJIH OHa qepecqyp
HMH
HII![H yrrpaanrrrs
Xoponrne
HX.
B3a11MOOTHOllIeHM5I l'pe6YIOT
6aJIaHCa Me}f{,ll;Y OC03HaHHeM
CJIe}f{HBaHHeM HX np05IBJIeHH5I Y ztpyrnx
OHM raroxe
nee '-IYBCTBa cpasy,
BhIKJIIOqHTb
~pyrHe
«I136eraIOrn;aH npHB5I3aHHOCTb».
ztern, pO,ll;Hl'eJII1KOTOPhIX He CTOJIb rrOCT05IHHhI
B CBOIfX peaKU;I1JIX na qyBCTBa c06CTBeHHoro
mroraa
np05IB-
03a60qeHhI
HMI1, nnorzra
~
poznrreneii,:
'IT06bI
HaH nporineraa
B OTHOllIeHH5IX
CB5I3H. OHH see BpeMJI ztepxcar CBOH qYBCTBa 6JIH3KO nozt
He06xo,ll;HMOCTH
nOBepXliOCThIO, n03BOJI5IJI IfM 6ypJIHTh qYTh B CTopOHe zto
perYJIHpOBaHH5I
TaKI1X Ka.K rnes
TaK Ha3hIBaeMhIX
HeraTHBHhIX
Toro
qYBCTB,
MOMeHTa, xorzta,
06paTHTh
11Bpa}f{,lI;e6HOC:Th. ECJII1 MaTh He aaysn-
•
JIaCb KOltlrpOPTI-IO
CnpaBJI5ITbC5IC3TI1MI1 qYBCTBaMI1, eM6y~
nOMOm;H B perYJIl1pOBaHl1If
zrer HenpOCTO BhIHOCI1Th I1X np05IBJIeHI1e Y petiemca;
BMeCTO 'roro
MO}f{eT omymars
CI1JIhHbIH crpecc
«3aTKHlich!
.
OHI1 see BpeMJI IiaXO,ll;JITCJIB CO-
CTOHHl1If qpe3MepHoro
OC03HaI-Il1H c06CTBeHHhIX CTpaXOB
If HY)K,ll;, qTO MO}f{eT npI1BeCTH K IIO,ll;PhIBY If X I-Ie3a.BI1CH-
He cMeH ce65I TaK BeCl'I1 co
MOC'fI1. Ha caMOM ztene 3TO MO}f{eT 6hITb IfMeHHO TeM ,qTO'
rrO,ll;C03HaTeJIbHO»cenaer
rpOKYC He IIpOM,lI;eT!» I1x ,lI;eTH HayqaTC5I TOMY, qTO TaKHe
JIhle JIIO,lI;I1
raxoro
nOJIBJIeHHJI, H36eraTb
npa
ce6e, OTpH~aTh
HX rrp05IBJIeHIfH,
rYT paCCTpOHTh HJIH pa303JIHTb
B
HX MaTh.
pe3YJIbTaTe pe6eHOK
TPOJIHpOBaTb . pO,ll;I1TeJIJI,aaruamas
.
can
rpaKT HX
TaK KaK OHIf MO- .
OHa He 110MO}f{eT HH Crrpa13I1ThC5IC HHMIf,
If X C pe6eHKOM.
qyBCTB .w..,n;aThe npHXO,ll;I1TCJI.
n
nO,z:J;aBJI5Il'b
I1X, OHH BhI6l1paIOT crpa-
MHOM!» I1JII1 «TbI MaJIeHhKI1M ,ll;bJIBOJIeHoK! Co ltIHOM3TOT
qYBCTBa naao ztepacari,
nOHI1MaIOT , qTO
KaK MaTh I1JII1 OTe~
. 5ICb B HI1X. '{aCTO lI[O}f{HO cnsnuars,
na pefiemca:
He paaonpa-
OHH raioxe
rOTOB
TerI1IO npeyaemrsenaa;
11,ll;I1CKOMrpOPT11}f{e-
JIaTb If36aBI1ThC5I OT 3'fI1X. qYBCTB rrocxopee,
oper
OHa
06paTHOH
KaK HM K3)I{eTCJI, poznrrens
na HHX BHHMaHIfe.
q'r06hI
nOJIyqeHH5I.
BhI-
,ll;pyrHMl'I JIIO,lI;hMH. [lO}f{aJIYM, HaH60JIee pacnpocrpanen-
pO,ll;I1TeJIbCKO-,lI;eTCI{HX., 03I-IHKaeT rrpa
B
napnanr
HX,
-
HaHTH
B OTHOIIIeI-IH5IX, oc06eHHO
OnTI1MaJIbHhIM
-
petiemca
lifHOpI1PYIOT
HJ)K,ll;eHhI OTCJIe}f{I1BaTh nacrpoenne
asrpaacenna
HO peznco
TaKoM TI1II rrpHBJI3aHHOCTI1 If3Be-
CTeH noz; Ha3BaHIfeM
JIIO,ll;eM.
qYBC1'B B MOMeHThI HX
B03-
CnpaBI1ThCJI. OH nhITaeTC5I no-
qYBCTB H OT- .
3aBHC5I'f OT cnoc06HOCT11 'reprrers
JIeI-IH5I HenpH5ITHhIX
110HIfMaeT, qTO HeT HIfKaKOH
B 3TOM npeycnesaer.
Ha3BaTh
paayxrnoro
coficrnennsrx
I{OMrpopTHoro.
,lI;aBHTb If x,
110MOqh KaKHMH-TO crro-
H.7II1,lI;a}f{e 0603HaqHTh,
B BOCCTaHOBJIeHHli
'ror-o qT06hI
MO}f{HOCTH C qYBcTBaMH
•
c06aMH
noraoun,
COCT05II-IHJI,pe6eHOK
eM MO)KeT 6bITh KpaMHe CJIO}f{HO 3aMeT11Th
rrp05IBJIeI-I11e qYBCTB Y petienxa,
Bsrecro
HaXO,ll;IfTC5IB CMJITeHIfli.
45
Pa3YMeeTCJI,
HH 06CY,ll;HTh
BbIHY}f{,lI;eH KOH-
ero OT CBOHX qYBCTB.
Ho ,lI;eTCKHe qYBCTBa npn. 3TOM ne IfCqe3aIOT.
I1cCJIe,ll;O-
•
BaTeJIH B 06JIaCTH npHB5I3aHHOCTIf
OTMeqaIOT, qTO ,ll;eTH
B TaKHX CeMhJIX yqaTC5I BhlrJIJI,ll;eTh cnOKOMHhIMIf
3a60THbIMH,
HO rrpH, H3MepeHHI1
HX cepnexaoro
H nepsnoro
B036Y}f{,lI;eHHJI nOKa3aTeJIH
If 6e3pHTMa
3aIIIKaJII1BaJII1.
.B ce6e,
pO,ll;I1TeJIb, TaK I{aK qaCTO B3pOC-
TI1na CrrpaBJIJI'IO'I'C5I HeYBepeHHOCThIO
C
CTapaJICh 6hITh qpe3BbIqaMHO
JIIO,ll;JIM. I1x
nerrpeacxaayenoe
HY}f{HhIMH ,lI;pyrHM
noaenenne
rrpnsoznrr
K TOMY, qTO ,lI;eTCKOeBHHMaHl'Ie scerzta rrOJIHOCThIOK HI1M
rrpI1KOBaHO. I1JIH OHI1 MorYT 6bITb HaCTOJIhKO 03a60qeHbI
coqcTBeHIlbIMI1
qYBCTBaMH, HaXO,ll;JIIIJ;HMI1CJI xaoce,
B
qTO
rrpOCTO He B COCTOHHHI1aasre-rars
HX Y ztpyrnx
~eTH
rpOPMI1PYIOT 'rare na-
C pO,ll;HTeJIJIMH rarcoro
rnna
JIIO,ll;eM.
3hIBaeMYIO TpeBO}f{HYIO RJIH aM6I1BaJIeHTHYIO rrpI1BJI3aHHOCTh.
Pe6eHOK, norpyxceaasni
.
B O,ll;I1H
113OrrHCaI-IHhIX THrrOB
rrpHBJI3aHHOCTeM, 6Y,ll;eT I1MeTh 60JIee cJIa60e ornymemre
24. ,
CblO fEPXAPDT
46
KAK nlO50Bb (J)OPMVlPYET03f PE5 HKA?
M
E
caMOCTIf, qeM pe6eHOK, ' npHB513aHHbIH: 60JIee 3AOPOBbIM
. 06pa30M,
no
npn-rane
HH51 OnTllMaJIbHOrO
'roro,
,COCT051HIfe.3TO HOpMaJIbHbli:'I U;HKJIpa60TbI
'ITO eMY He XBaTaeT nOHHMa-
47
CHMnaTHqe-
CKOH:II napaCHMnaTHqeCKOH: HepBHOH: CHCTeMbI. Ho eCJIH
YPOBHR «coI.J;H06HOJIOrll "IeCKOH: 06-
B036Y)K,n;eHHe He CH51TO, TOT U;HKJIMO)KeT 6bITb paaopsan.
3
paTHOH: CB513H».POAHTeJIb He cxror npeAOCTaBIfTb TaKOMY
B cay-rae H36eraIOru;ero THna TOPM0351ru;aR
CHCTeMa MO)KeT
pe6eHKY
6bITb aanymeaa
,n;OCTaTOl.IHoe KOJIHqeCTBO HH<popMaU;HH 0 ero
c06CTBeHHbIX, ,n;eTCKHX, qyBCTBax, qT06bI ztari, pe6eHKY
Ha060poT,
nonepx
H36eraHHe,
MexaHH3Ma «oTnycKaHH51 >' 'HJIH,
3aTOpMO)KeHHOe (napacmrnarn-
~
MexaHH3M, n03BOJI51IOII~HHYBepeHHO anrepnpernpoaart,
qeCKoe) COCT051HHeMO)KeT 6bITb 3a,n;aBJIeHOCHMnaTHqe-
=ryacrna
CKOH:cHcTeMoM C Tpe60BaHHeM
aroro
H nocryrnor
CBOH H zrpyrnx
JIIO,n;eH:.BMeCTO
pe6eHOK MO)KeT CTapaTbCR 3aru;HTHTb marxoe
menne
ce651 KaK JIHqHOCTH, H36eraR zrpyrnx
omy-
«aeaasepureaasre
B CHzyaU;H51X
ony6JIHKOBaHO),
HeYBepeHHOCTH B ce6e (H36eraIOru;HH: THn) HJIH, Ha060-
nsrraacs
pOT, u;enJI51HCb zrpyrnx,
aa
KJIHK (TpeBO)KHbIH: THn) (¢oHarIf,
noaepxnocrnoe
2003).
mae aapynreana.
Euie O,n;HH
THn npHB513aHHOCTH 6bW onacan He,n;aBHO-
qYBcTBa
qaCTO caMH pl),n;HTeJIHHe CMOrJIHnpopafiorars
KHe KaK T5l)KeJIaRyrpara
llCnOJIHeHHe
po,n;HTeJIbCKHX 06513aHHOCTeH:no aannrre
HMMYHHble IDIH rOpMOHaJIb-
TaK, cepaesao-cocyzracras
CHCTeMa 6y-
nozrannensr (Tpocc
H .1IeBeHCOI-I, 1997). B CHCTe-
OIIIeJIOMHB-
HJIH )KeCTOKOe oripamenae.
He B COCT051HHH
oriecne-mrr,
ztstxanae,
cansrx
petienxa
rrOTOI( 3MOijJilM
OHH
6a30BbIX
CHMrraTHlJ:eCKaR
H C03-
H
rrapaCHMrraTllqeCKaR
HH3Ma. Ho qeJIOBeqeCKHM opraaaasr
HO HCCJIe,n;OBaTbMHp. I1x ziera
rHX CHCTeM, Ka)K,ll;aR H3 KOTOPblX rrynscnpyer
He TOJIbKO HcnbITbIBaIOT
He,n;OCTa.TOK
nCHXOJIOrHqeCKOH:06paTHOH: CB513H,
HO H HC.'
,
nbITbIBaIOT crpax H HeYBepeHHOCTb B TOM, KaK ynpaanars
c06CTBeHHbIMH qYBCTBaMH B YCJIOBH51X
raxoro
Bee
ro
c06cTBeHHoM
ecrecrseaasre
pHTMe:
COCTOHTH H3
B CBoeM
'.
.CHa, ,n;bIxaHHe. H BbI,n;eJIHTeJIbHble CHCTeMbI
,n;aBJIeHH51.
zrpy-
KpOB51HOe AaBJIeHHe, MexaHH3Mbl
.
ace OHH
npaaanan pa60TbI onaoapesrenHO, rrepezraaaa ztpyr zrpyry H M03ry pasmonrsre CHrHaJIbI
(Berinep, 1989); BHYTpeHHR51 CHM<pOHHRCMeH51IOIu;HXCH
CJIe,n;YIOT
·c06cTBeHHbIM
3TH THnbI ,n;llC<pyHKU;HOHaJIbHOrO po,n;HTeJIbCKO-
OTHOIIIeHHR ' napymaror
CHCTeMbI
npe,n;CTaBJIRIOTTOJIbKO zrse H3 BHYTpeHI-IHX CHCTeM opra-
,n;aHHIO30HbI 6e30naCHOCTH, H3 KOTOPOH:MO)KHO CnOKOH:-
•
33)KHMbl,
Oxem,
IIIHe HX B csoe BpeM51TpaBMaTHqeCKHe nepe)KHBaHHR, ra..
TaKHM KaK MblIIIeqHble
. Max
Ha'IaJIa H HeT HHKaKOH: B03MO)KHOCTH
COrJIaCOBaHHyIO 3aru;HTHYIO n03HU;HIO.
K IIe6JIaronpHRTHbIM
opranasna B03HHKaIOT 3aBHXpeHHR TaM , rzte 3MOU;HH
,n;OJI)KHbl bITb yperynnpoaansr rrpOCTO H OAI-I03HaqHO.
6
<popMHPyeTC51B 'rex CeMb51X,rzte MI-IOrO ncero nerrpanans-
asrpariorars
MOfYT npasecrn
zter oCTaBaTbC51B B036J)K,ll;eHHOl1 COCTORHHH,zrasce ecnn
ero Ha3BaJIH «,n;e30praHH30BaHHOH:» npHB513aHOcTbIO. OHa
HO H,ll;eT C caxroro
TaKHe
U;HKJIbI», no MHeHHIO P03 K3ppOJIJI (He-
COCTORHHHM
opraaaaua,
nOJIY'IHTb 60JIbIIIHH: OT-
«npoztozoxairre!».
pHTMbI TeJIa.
B HOPMaJIbHOM COCT051HHH
<p1l3HOJIOrHqeCKOeB036),)K,n;e-
U;HKJIOBTOpMO)KeHHR H B036J)K,n;eHHH casrooprannsyerca
HHe, BbI3BaHHoe KaKHMH-JIH60 HHTeHCHBHbIMH 3MOU;HO-
6JIaro,n;apR MexaHH3MY o6paTHOH: CB.H3H,BJIHRHHe CHCTeM
HaJIbHbIMH nepe)KHBaHHRMH, ,n;OJI)KHO
BbWHTbC51B xarcoe-
zrpyr
TO ,n;eH:CTBHe, 3aTeM,
npou;ecc .B3aHMHoro
opranaaxr
KaK TOJIbKO qYBCTBO Bblp3)KeHO,
ycrroxauaaerca
~
na ztpyra B3aHMHo, 6JIaro,n;ap51qeMY nOCT051HHOnzter
npacnocorinenaa
. . KrreTKH H opra-
H B03Bparu;aeTCR B cnOKOHHoe
•
••
.
25. KAK nlO50Bb ~OPMV1PYETM03i PE5EHKA?
CblO iEPXAPDT
48
HhI perynnpyro'r
KaK. CBOIO co6cTBeHHYIO
TaK M ,lI;eHTeJIhHOCTh zrpyr
ztpyra,
CBOH CPYHKU;HH, HO pa60TalOT
Ilpnraepno
,n;eHTeJIhHOC~h,
Y Ka)K,lI;OrO H3 HI-IX ecrs
OHH KaK e,1l;HHOe uenoe,
TaKOH xce HBJIHeTCH ,lI;eHTeJIhHOCTh OT,lI;eJIhHO-
ro qeJIOBeKa B pasncax
CH ,lI;Oonpe,ll;eJIeHHOn
COIJ;HaJIhHOH CHCTeMhI. MhI yqHMcrenenn
3TOM MhI HyE,Il;aeMCH B zrpyrax
COCTOHHMHMH csoero
ynpaanart.
co6on,
JIIO,1l;HX, To6hI
q
TeJIa H C03HaHlliI.
HO npn
nepeHOCHTh
pa30M,
30M.
OXBaTbIBaIOID;Me HX qYBCTBa M, TaKMM 06-
He MoryT
B
pearnpoaars
6hICTPO
CTpeMHTCH M36aBMTbCH
~eTM, CCPOpMMpOBaBillMe H36eraIOru;l1n
CTH, CKJIOHHhI aBTOMaTMqeCKl'I cpasy
. B MOMeH"r B03Hl1KHOBelil1H
ynpaanari.
TaKHM 06pa30M
qeJIOBeK IIpHCIIOCa6JIMBaeTCH K )KH3HH B CHCTeMe, qaCTbIO
na HMX ,Il;OJI)KHhIM o6pa-
CMJIY CBOMX 3MOU;MOHaJIhHhIX ocotiennocreit
CJIMIiIKOM
TMn npHBH3aHHO-
l'OPM03MTh 3MOU;Ml1
Cl1JIhHOrO qYBCTBa, qTo6hI
He npl1IIIJIOCb pa36HpaTbCH
CrrpaBJIHThCH. ~eTM
KOTOPOH HBJIHeTCH.
3TOT MexaHH3M
pafioraer
IIOTOMY, 'ITO HHcpopMaU;HH
co6CTBeHHhIX
C aM6MBaJIeHTHOn
qYBCTB 6e30
npMBH3aHHOCThIO
CHC"reMaX
BO ncex CHCTeMax
oprannswa,
H BHeIIIHHX,
H BHyTpeHHHX
rHMH JIIOAhMH, C03,l1;aBaH
YCJIOBHH,lI;mI anarrrarran
recnsre
ID;HM YCJIOBlliIM. HaIIIH HaM60JIee
ztpy-
06pa30BaHHbIX
K rexy-
B3aHMOOTHOIIIe-
ztpyrnx
B Cl1JIbHOe
JIIO,Il;eMM na TO, KaK
nsrpaacenae
rrOBJIMHTh na ,Il;pyrMX. (~eTM C eme
TMnaMM npl1BH3aHHOCTM CKJIOHHhI ace BpeMH KOJIe6aThCH Me)K,Il;y 3TMMM ,Il;ByMH CTpaTerMHMl1.)
B JII060M
OHH OTpe3aIOT ce6e rryrs
3MOU;I'IOHaJIhHOH HHcpopMaU;Men
110 CBoeM COCTOHHHM,M 0 COCTOHHMM
ztpyrnx
HH Q)HJI,l1, a3BaJIa
H
«IICHXo6HOJIOrHqeCKOH
(<PHJI,l1"1985). 3Ta cnocooaocrs
THcpcpa-
HaCTpOHKon»
BOCllpHHHMaTh
COCTOH-
.
HMe zrpyroro
qeJIOBeKa
CTHM rrpMcrroca6JIHBaTbCH
rr03BOJIHeT OTf];eJlbHhIM JIMqHOK nOTpe6HOCTHM
EOJIee cpOpMaJIbHble (llJIM MeHee
nna
crpaaaror
zipyr ztpyra.
nanaacemuae)
OTHOIIIe-
OT Hef];OCTaTKa TaKOrO 6bICTpOrO OTKJIMKa,
B pe3YJIbTaTe rrpMcnoco6JIeHMe
Tpe6yeT
qYBCTB MO)KeT
60JIee HeHaf];e)KHhIMl1
HHH B )KH3HH KOMCPOPTHbI 6JIarO,l1,apH 6bICTPOMY 06MeHY
. TOMY, 'ITO
nsrpaaceane
BCHKon OrJIHf];KM na qYBCTBa
v
CBo60,l1,HOxypcapyer
MM
C TeM, C qelVI OHM He YMeIOT
rOTOBbI C rOJIOBOM norpY3MThCH
•
OHM
OT qYBCTB.
v
v
49
K 3MOU;MOHaJIhHOn MHcpopMaU;MM
nee y Hl1X CllJIhHO cyacaerca
cnercrp
JIIO,ll;en, a 6e3
rrOBe,ll;eHQeCKMX B03-
MO)KHOCTeH. OHM B caMOM zrene HcnhIThIBaIOT
aarpyztaenna
rMqeCKMe)
cnyxae,
cepsesnsre
B TOM, KaK CKOOP,ll;MHMpOBaThCBOM (6MOJIOnOTpe6HOCTM C MX (COU;MaJIhHbIM) orcpyacena-
eM M KaK 06MeHMBaTbCH 3MOIJ;MOHaJIhHOn MHcpopMal~Men
C ,Il;pyrHMM JIIO,Il;hMMC nOJIh30n ,Il;JIH
ncex CTOpOH.
3TH
60JIbIIIMX YCllJIMn
3MOU;HOHaJIhHhle
OC06eHI-IOCTM cpOPMMPYIOTCH
v
11OKa3bIBaeTCH 60JIee TPY,ll;HbIM. Ho JIMqHOCTHTaIOKe MOryT
B MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe BO B3aHMO,ll;eMCTBl1H C caMhIMH
6hITh B pa3HOH CTeneHI1 HaCTpOeHhI na nocnpaarne
nepnu-
MH
C06CTBeHHbIX BHyTpeHHMX COCTOHHMn.I13MoU;HOHaJIbHaH,
•
naprnepaua, 06hlqHO HaIlIHMM pO,1l;HTeJIHMH,H
6hITh ouenensr Y)Ke B sospacre
1rozta. Kpoxre roro,
M CPM3MOJIOrMqeCKaH
naronorns
TeJIH caMH HBJIHIOTCHqaCThIO COU;HaJIhHhIX CHCTeM, H 3TH
CBOHX
MO)KeT B03HHKHyTh B CJIy-
-rae, ecnn MH<popMaU;lliI He MO)KeT CBo60,ll;HO KYPCHpOBaTh
no
3JIeKTpHqeCKHM
-repea M03r H ztpyrne
M XHMMqeCKHM KaHaJIaM
•
opraanaera
CMCTeMbI. 3MOU;MOHaJIbHble CMrHaJIbI .
BHeIIIHHe
COU;MaJIhHhIe CllJIhI TaIOKe MOryT
csrrpart-
xroryr
PO,1l;H-
CBOIO
. POJIh B CPOpMHpOBaHHH HCKmKeHHhIX 06pa3U;OB 3MOI~HOHaJIhHOn
perynanau.
Korzta
06ID;eCTBO CcpoeycHpoBaHO
v
Heo6xo,ll;HMbI HaM, qTo6bI nam opranaasr
Kon cnoco6
Mor onemrrs,
rca-
,Il;enCTBlliI HBmIeTCH OrrTMMaJIhHhIM •
na C03,l1;aHHHCBOHX npOH3BOMID;HX
MOID;HOCTeH, KaK 3TO
6hlJIO B
XIX
npoirra
COU;HaJIH3aU;HIOB YCJIOBHHXCPOpMHpoBaHHH JIHq-
sexe,
HeKOTOpaH qaCTh MJIa,1l;eHu;eB,l1,OJI)KHa
•
lIeTM.
•
I
~
xoronsre . He
CMOrJIM CCPOpMMpOBaTb naneac-
~
nste CTpaTerMM ,Il;JIHonepnpoaaaaa
v
3MOU;MHMM, He MOryT
HOCTeH C BbICOKHM
yposnen
caMoKOHTPOmI
H oTpHu;aHHH
26. KAK DI050Bb CDOPMV1PYET
rvl03i PE5EHKA?
CblO iEPXAPD1-
50
,
qYBCTB. <ppell,ll;H3M, B03MO)KHO, 6hm
nonsrrxoa
nepecsso- .
TpeTb Hall60JIee I-IeYMepeHHhle TeH,lI;eHIJ;HH
aroro
rrpouec-
ca , TeM He MeHee HaCTaHBaH na Ba)KHOCTH caMOKOHTPOJIH.
B rrpOTl1BHOM czryaae, xorzra 3KOHOMllKe Tpe6yIOTCH
norpefiirrena,
otiypeaaesrsre
,lI;aBJIeHHe MO)KeT 6hITb
)KeJIaHHHMH, COIJ;HaJIhHOe
aanpaaneao
XO)K,lI;eHHe ,lI;eTHM B npouecce
K
HHe pO,ll;llTeJIhCKllX Tpe60BaHHll
na 60JIhIIIee
CHHC-
COIJ;llaJIH3aIJ;Hll,na cmoxeH O)KI1,ll;aHHllOT pefiemca.
3Tll COP;HaJIhHhlerr03hIBhI, TeM He MeHee, He MOryr 6hITb
crporo
perJIaMeHTl1pOBaHhI,
qTO paamre
amopaponari,
ronozt, TO MO)KHO OT Hero yxrepert.. ECJIl1
.,
HrHOpl1pOBaTh CBOl1 rnes, TO 'raoe COIJ;l1aJIhHOerrOJIO-
»cenae
. rnen,
He
oripamas
npa
3TOM eCJIl1 nsrpaacars
BHllMaHllH
na TO, KaK 3TO nupaacenae
npnnarars
YCllJIllH ,lI;JIH yperYJIl1pOBaHHR
COIJ;HaJIhHaHCHCTeMa repaer
npopsm
pannonecne
COIJ;HaJIhHO
neoztofipaeworo
Cl1TyaIJ;Hl1, TO
H rrpOHCXO,ll;l1T
nonenenna.
BHHMaHHe K qYBCTBaM RBJIReTCR
)Klf3HeHHO neofixo-
,lI;l1MhIM. ECJIl1 OHH BOCnpllHllMaIOTCH KaK onacnsre
BO nee 3rrOXH.
e,ll;l1HCTBeHHaHB03MO)KHOCTh ynpaanenna
THBHOM cnyxae,
QYBCTBA I(AI( CMfHAllbI
rexe
KOHTPOJIRHJIll ero HeXBaTKll.
l1CrrOJIh30BaTh qYBCTBa B rcaxecrae
PyIOru;HX 0 neofixozmjaocra
XO,ll;HMbIX,lI;JIR'roro,
qTo6hI rrO,ll;,lI;ep)KaTb
B3allMOOTHOIIIe-
OT zrpyra,
YJIbI6Kll
I'nen
H
H pe6eHKY
csacrnanue
BhI)KllBaHHIO
qTo6hI
no-
ztpyr
MJIa,ll;eHIJ;a.
~
MOMeliThI CJIY)KaT TOll xce IJ;eJIH.
rpetiyronree
JIIO,ll;ll otipamaror
OHH B 60JIbIIIell
rroaezteane
CpOqHOrO BHHMaHHH.
BHllMaHlle
crenenn
na TaKHe CHrHaJIhI,
CKJIOHHhI xoppexraponars
B COOTBeTCTBHHCO CBOHMH HY)K,ll;aMH
H HY)K,ll;aMH ,ll;pyrHX. KaK H 60JIee npocrsre
xecxae
. ona
MaTb
CBH,ll;eTeJIhCTByeT0 TOM, qTO ecrs KaKoe-TO cepses-
Korzta
cnoe
,ll;JIH Toro,
HaXO,ll;HThCHrr06JIH30CTH
qTO crrocoocrsyer
Hoe He6JIarorrOJIyqHe,
,
B03HHKaIOru;ee, xorna
aa KOMH3_ThI, Tpe6yeTcH
MOqh MaTepll
CllrHaJIOB, l1H<P0PMH-
,ll;ellCTBllH, B qaCTHOCTHneoo-
HHH: BecrrOKOllCTBO pefiemca,
nsrxoztar
OHa 0 TOM, KaK
CHrHaJIbI
)Ka)K,ll;hI, ronozra
<pH3HOJIOrll-
HJIH YCTaJIOCTH,
MOTHBHPYIOT K ,ll;ellCTBHIO, Heo6xo,ll;HMOMY,ll;JIH nozt-
,ll;ep)KaHHH opranaana B OrrTllMaJIhHOM COCTOHHHll. ECJIll
B Irpo-
eCJIHKa)K,ll;hIll HMnyJIbC 6Y,ll;eTnoomprm-
CR, OTHOIIIeHllR C,lI;pyrHMH cranyr
He OTHOCllT-
spa-
COCT()HTB
OKa3atIl1H COIJ;HaJIhHOrO
,lI;aBJIeHl1R YCTpaIIIeHlll1.
H
3MOIJ;ll0HaJIhHaH peryJIRIJ;HH B npnmnme
CBOll
BJIllHeT na OKpJ)KaIOru;l1X, He 3aMeqaTh HX CHrHaJIhI 11He
rr03TOMY MO)KHO CKa3aTh,
TeqeHllH cocyntecraytor
MO)KeT YXY,lI;II1l1ThCH CH113HTCH
11
II1aHChI na ero
BOCCTaHOBJIeHl1e. Ho
ra,
CH K
51
TOJIhKOCpe,ll;CTBOM
,lI;JIH
BhIXO,ll;aco6CTBeHHhIX 3MOIJ;Hll. Ho B cnyxae,
ecnn K qYB-
CTBaM OTHOCHThCR
KaK K BhI3hIBaIOru;HM YBa)KeHHe opnen-
rnpaa,
B03HllKaeT ztpyraa
zrpyrax
TaK xce Ba)KHhI, KaK H CBOH,a Ka)K,lI;hIM
qneH o6ru;e-
CTBa nonysaer
xynsrypa,
B KOTOPOll qYBCTBa
MOTllB ,lI;JIR OTKJIllKa. COBepIIIeHHO
roe OTHOIIIeHHe B03I-Il1KaeT K rHeBY H
eCJIH c-nrraerca,
qTO OHH Moryr
xorzta JIIO,ll;H,HX
ncmrrunaroutae
arpeccmr
aaunnneamnt,
B cnysae,
6hITh ynpaanaerasnra,
H nsrpaxcaioume,
6hITh YCJIhlIIIaHhI H rrOHRThI. OHH xroryr
,ll;JIR rroziaepacaaaa
zrpy-
MOryr
HCrrOJIh30Ba'fhCR
B3al1MOOTHOIIIeHllll.
3MOIJ;ll0HaJIhHO
YCTOllqHBhIll qeJIOBeK necer
B ce6e 6a30-
BYIO YBepeHHOCTh B l'OM, qTO OH 6Y,lI;eTYCJIhlIIIaH, H 3TO
06JIerQaeT eMY aaztaxy nayrpennero
peHHOCTh B ztpyrnx
MaTh BMeCTOroro,
eCJIH arpeccna
KOHTPOJIR.3Ta yse-
rr03BOJIReT eMY rrO,ll;O)K,ll;aTh noztyH
qTo6hI ,ll;eMCTBOBaTh
HMnYJIhCHBHO. Ho
11men raoyaponansr,
B YCJIOBHH,
xorzta nanproserrae
JIHqHOCTh rrorraztaer
He nonysaer
HllKaKHX B03-
~
MO)KHOCTeH ,lI;JIR asrxona,
IIpHHy)K,lI;aH onnparsca
TOJIbKO
na 60R3Hh peaKIJ;HH ,lI;pyrHX, qTo6hI He B30pBaThCR. 3TO
COMHHTeJIhHaH crparerna,
KOTOPaH MO)KeT OKa3aThCH
27. •
.•
52 .
KAK nlO50Bb (])OPMV1PYET 03i PE5EHKA?
M
CblO iEPXAPD1'
HeY,ll;aqHOM, npnsozta
BpeM5I OT apexrena
noro
K neynpannae-
B3aHMHoro
noseztenmo
paspymenaro
II
O,ll;HOrOqeJIOBeKa K
B3allMOOTHOIlleHllll.
~
coficrnenmae
"ITO II nanm
,
6bI noaaepacars
.
DH6, 6Y,ll;y"IH HCCJIe.
pacxpsmaenrscx,
H 51H3MeH5IIO Te6H
COCTOHHllH, ,ll;AAToro qTO-
B TO BpeM5I, KaK 51paCKpbIBaIOCb, H TbI H3MeH51eIIIb MeH5I»
OT KOTOPbIX MbI 3a:SllCHM.
(.6H6,
.
're ornoureanx,
M.JIa,ll;eHU;bI,ll;eJIaIOT3TO C canoro nanana
sanesaa
.
.OrrHCaJIa 3TO TaK: «TbI
OTCJIe)KllBaTb COCTOHHllH ,ll;pyrllX JIIO,ll;ell B TOll )Ke creneHll
ztpyroxry . Bearpnc
OT
.,ll;OBaTeJIeMB 06JIaCTH MJIa,ll;eH"IeCTBa II ncaxorepanesrosr,
.6Y,ll;y"Ill COU;llaJIbHbIMll cyru;eCTBaMll, HaM Heo6xo,ll;llMO
~
nepeziaromerocs
BJIllHHHH, nee BpeMH
~
MOMY
53
•
~
CBoeH )KH3HH
.
2002). B cnezryromeii
rnane H nO,ll;p06HO OIIHIIIY TO,
KaK caM M03r OKa3bIBaeTCH 06'beKTOM 3THX BJIllHHHM.
~
Bblpa)KeHHH JIHU;, TOH rOJIOca,
6,ll;HTeJIbHbI H qyTKH no OTHOllielIHIO
OHH xpaaae
K ,ll;pyrl1M JIIO,ll;HM,
3TO CBOMCTBeHHO ztaxce HOBopO)K,ll;eHHbIM. ECJIH BbI noHa6JIIO,ll;aeTe aa MJIa,ll;eHu;eM Hero
pO,ll;HTeJIeM, TO YBH,ll;H-
re llMnpOBH3HpOBaHHbIH
cBoeo6pa3HbIM
C03J_AHME'M03fA
xorna
OHH no
osrepenn
ranen ,
,ll;HaJIOr,
BbICOBbIBaIOT H3bIKH MJIH npOH3-
HOCHT 3BYKH. n03)Ke ztern,
06peTM
.
.
cPopMa 6031iUKaem
6 ycnel11HOM
63aUMoOeUcm6UU.
ClO3aH 051Ma
caMOCTOHTeJIbHOCTb .
•
•
II Mo6MJIbHOCTb, nOCTOHHHO 06parn;aIOTCH K PO,ll;HTeJIHM,
oTCJie)KHBM
asrpaacenae
~
v
HX JIHU;C U;eJIbIOHaHTH HJ)KHbIH
CHrHaJI: CTOHTJIH rrorporars
coriaxy,
fIEPBMlfHbIM
M03f
KOTOPM TOJIbKO."ITO
BOIllJIa B KOMHazy? I1JIH YJIbI6HyTbCH He3HaKOMU;Y? <pHrypa qeJIOBeKa, K KOTOPOMY pe6eHOK C<pOpMHpOBaJIrrpHB51v
Ilpexpacaoe
v
secennee
yTpo. MOM I(OT pa3BaJIH.JlCHna
v
KaMeHHOH CKaMeHKe na COJIHu;enOCJIe aaarparca,
IlOT51rH-
v
3aHHOCTb, CTaHOBHTCH OTnpaBHOH TOqKOH, HCTOqHHKOM
BMCh C 51BHhIM Y,ll;OBOJIhCTBHeM.3TO KapTHHa roro,
COU;HaJIbHOrO3HaHllH.
3MOU;HOHaJIbHaH )KH3Hb B 60JIbmeM crenean
npexpacno
~
v
v
COCTO-
v
cynrecraosaaaa
HT H3 KOOP,ll;HHHpOBaHllH HaIIIHX ,ll;eHCTBHH C ,ll;eHCTBHH-
noaayxa
ztpyr ztpyra
60JIhIIIM
MH ,ll;pyrHX =tepes BHHMaHHe K HaCTpOeHH51M
H nocrpoerrne
. rosopars
rrpe,ll;nOJIO)KeHHM 0 TOM, "ITO JIIO,ll;H6y,ll;yT
H KaK 6y,ll;yT ,ll;eMCTBOBaTb.
Korzta
MbI o6parn;aeM
rrpHCTaJIbHOe BHHMaHHe na KorO-TO, y Hac C HHM aKTHBH•
PYIOTCH O,ll;HHH re )Ke HeMpOHbI B M03re; ,ll;eTH,
xoropsre
npocro
)KHTh, MOMeHT, xoraa OC03HaHllH <paKTa .
H "IYBCTBeHHOrO Y,ll;OBOJIhCTBHH COJIHu;a,
OT
H nOJIHOrO )KeJIY,ll;KaBrrOJIHe ,ll;OCTaTO'IHO.Ho eCJIH
cofiaxa
aanrautars
csoe
napyr
rrO.HBHTCH
aenozranexy,
KOT 6Y,ll;eT
«6JIarOrrOJIY'IHe», cIIp1IrHYB
co cKaMeM-
cofiaxa sztpyr
aaztener ero,
KH H cIIpHTaBIIIHch,
MJIH, eCJIH
BbIrHeT CIIHHY H 3aIIIHrrHT, ' rrO,ll;H5IBmepcrs na aarpasxe,
'ITo6hI OTIIyrHyTh co6aey. AHaJIOrHqHO, eCJIH MJKH ronozta
Ha6JIIO,ll;aIOT CqaCTJIHBbIX JIIO,ll;eM,,ll;eMOHCTpHpO.BaJIHYBe-
3aCTaBHT. ero HCKaTh rrpOIIHTaHHe,
JIHqHBaIOrn;YIOCH M03rOBYIO aKTHBHOCTb B JIeBOM <pPOH-
BOCCTaHOBHThcnoe «6JIarOIIOJIY'IHe», IIOMMaB MbIIlley
npefisraan B arraoopepe
(.lI:eBH,ll;COH <POKC, 1982). 3TOT MexaH
TaJIbliOM 30He M03ra;
nexann,
B npasoii
're )Ke, KTO
nonemcy, Y Hero.
MJIH cpezcrs
OH 6Y,ll;eT CTpeMHThCH
crenena
paaztenrrrs
COCTOHHHe,ll;pyr ,ll;pyra. MbI MO)KeM OTKJIHKaTbCH na qYBCTBa zrpyr zrpyra.
Bee
3TO sartycxaer
MexafiH3MbI
rrOCTOHH-
U;eJIhIMcnexrp
MJIH
MO)KeT He 6hITb CJIO)KHoro caMOC03HaHHH
Bep6aJIbHOM KOMM)'HHKaU;HH, HO y Hero ecrr,
v
HH3M n03BOAAeT HaM B orrpeneneanoa
KaK
6a30BhIX "IYBCTBH peaxmrii,
AAIOT ero IIOBe,ll;eHHeM H 06eCne'IHBaIOT
xoropsre
ynpas-
ero BhI)KHBaHHe.
28. KAK nKl50Bb
CbKliEPXAPUT
54
3TOT TOT yponens,
CKHe cymecraa.
C KOTopOrO HaqHHaIOT H xenoaexe -
Y HaC O,ll;HHaKOBoe C ,ll;pyrllMH MJIeKOrrllv
v
TalOm;HMH YCTPOHCTBOTOll qaCTll M03ra, xoropoe
OTBeT-
HHMH CHCTeMaMH; aztarrramra
KOTOPaJI BO MHorOM
<D
OPMV1PYET
M03i PE5EHKA?
xce K BHeIllHllM
55
YCJIOBll5IM,
yrrpaBJIJIeTC5I finaroztapa
3MOU;IIO-
,
HaJIbHbIM OTKJIIIKaM, cneztyer rrOTOM. AKTHBHbIH lVIJIa,ll;ev
CTBeHHO sa Bbl)KHBaHlle. Y HOBOpO)K,ll;eHHOrO
ecrs 6a30BaJI
nen CTpeMHTC5I K B3aIIMO,ll;eHCTBMIOC ztpyrnem
sepcaa
OTBOpaqHBaeTC5I, rcorzta ero rreperrOJIH5IIOT BrreqaTJIeHIIJI,
3TOH C HCTeMhI: ¢yHKU;HOHllpymrn;aJI HepBHaJI CH-
yxce
ztsrxanne, 3pllTeJIbHaJI cacreraa,
rr03BOJI5IlOrn;aJIOTCJIe)KllBaTb nepenemenaa BOKPyr Hero
aasrapaer,
II BH,ll;eTb JIHu;a, ecmr OHM ,ll;OC'raTOqHO6JIll3KO , naxans-
HaIllHM rrepBbIM II OCHOBHbIM lIo6Y,ll;llTeJIeM K ,ll;eHCTBllIO:
Hoe rrpHMHTllBHOe C03HaHIIe , xoropoe
OHH ,lI;aIOT3HaTb, CTOHT JIM aarrpaanrsca
CTeMa, otiecne-raaaiomaa
,
KOHu;eHTpHpyeTC5I
B CTBOJIel'OJIOBHOrO M03ra II rr03BOJI5IeT pearaponart.
na
,
omymenas
II onennaars
nx CTOqKH apemta BbI)KllBaHll5I.
Y MJIa,ll;eHu;a ecrs TaK)Ke HeCKOJIbKO6a30BhIX pe¢JIeKCOB,
V
V
V
xorzra qYBCTByeT onacnocrs:
JIIO,ll;hMH,
y Hero
v
saxarxa
3MOU;Hll II caraoperynanarr.
3MOU;llM ' 5IBJIJIIOTCH
'
,
K KaKllM-TO Be-
rn;aM HJ1ll HyEHO ll36e)KaTb KOHTaKTa C HHMH.
YXO,ll; OT OliaCHOCTll,
B03MO)KHO, nanoonee
Ma5I peaKU;H5I C TOqKll speaaa
BbI)KllBaHHR,
saa-m-
II He y,ll;M-
TaKHX KaK lIOllCKOBhIH, lI03BOJIJIIOrn;llH HaH'fH rpyzts, CO-
BllTeJIhHO, "ITO CMCTeMa, OTBeTCTBeHHaJI aa crpax
CaTeJIbHbIH ,ll;JI5I oro,
r
M03arn;llTY,
,
ecrs
H ca-
'
qT06hI lIllTaTbC 5I MOJIOKOM,ClIoc06-
paClIOJIO)KeHHa5I B M03rOBOH
MMH,ll;aJIHHe,
V
HOCTb rHeBHO llJIll lIe'lIaJIhHO lIJIaKaT}, ,ll;JI5IlIpHBJIeqeHll5I
na-mnaer
MaTepll11CKOro BHHMaHll5I II aaunrrnoe
BOT KaK OlIHcbIBaeT '
xae OliaCHOCTll. KaK lIHCaJI ,ll;)KaaK
3aMllpaHMe B CJIy-
Ilanxcert (1998),
U;HOHaJIbHble CHCTeMbI, 06HapY)KeHHble
,
,
y
«3MO-
)KllBOTHbIX ,
C03peBaTb lIepBOH B 3MOU;HOHaJIbHOM M03re.
na 3MeIO, TbI B crpaxe
6a30BaJI 3MOU;ll0HaJIbHaJI cncreraa
,ll;YMaeIIIb
qeJIOBeKa ». Ho ecrs
V
HOBOpO)K,lI;eHHbIXJIIO,ll;eH OT ztpyrnx
TO ecrs cnaxana
(JIe,ll;y, 1998).
HbI, JIe,ll;y .lIOJIaraeT,
pearupoaart.
B xozre 06yqeHll5I
na B3aHMOOTHOIlleHH5I C ,lI;pyrllMH JIIO,lI;blVIll.
JIIO,lI;ll 5IBJI5IIOTC5I
uanoonee COU;llaJlbHbIMH na ncex )KllBOT-
rnpyer
pO)K,ll;eHI15I
MO)KHO Ha6JIIO,lI;aTbarn OTJIll-
)KHBOTHhIX
MMMllKy csoero
B TOM, KaK MJIa,ll;eHeu;llMM-
poznrrena,
,
II B TOM, KaK cneznrr
B3rJI5I,ll;OM JIHu;aMH zrpyrax monen .
aa
TIepBHqHhIH M03r, CKOTOPhIM MbI poactaeraca,
CTapaeTCH ytieznrrsca
raer». Catasre «apeanae-
npezczte
B TOM , "ITO opraHH3M «pa6o,
v
C 3BOJIIOU;ll0HHOH TOqKll 3peHH5I
H )KeCTKOaaxpenne-
"ITO OHH TaK)Ke MorYT ll3MeH5ITbC5I
MbI aaarrrapyesrca
K MeCTHbIM oc06eHHOCT5IM, OTMeqaJI II HeOC03HaHHO aalIOMHHaJI KOHKpeTHble CJIyqaH, BbI3bIBaIOrn;He crpax B caV
"
nepnozrsr caoen )KM3Hll, HClIOJIb3Y5IHX B rcaCllrHaJIOB, xoropsre CTaHOB5ITC5I eOC03HaHHbIMM
H
Mble panane
qeCTBe
crpaxa.
lIepBH'lfHbIMH
cxeMaMM B peaKU;IIM
ECJIM y nac 6bIJI HeY,ll;aqHbIH
Ma5I OT -rero,
C'be:>KllBaTbC5IOT Bll3rJIllBhIX
MOTOPHaJI xopa, ,ll;eMOHCTpllpymT HaH60JIbIllllH
,Zl;eJI5IIOT
o6rn;ee COCT05IHHe oprannaxra
JIHqHble CllTyaU;HM 6a30BbIMll
qeCKOrO opraaasraa
MJIll H36e:>KaTb, :>KllTh HJ1HYMepeTb.
BHYTpeH-
rOJIOCOB BCIO
3MOU;HOHaJIhHble CHCTeMbI onpe-
lVIeTa6oJIll3Ma y MJIa,ll;eHu;eB.TIepBeHIIIaJI aaaasa MJIa,ll;eHynpaanenae
C Bll3rJIMBOH
H5IHeH BO MJIa,ll;eHqeCTBe, BhI MO)KeTe, CaMll He nona-
:>KH3Hb. 3TH 6a30Bhle
nanaznrn,
onsrr
v
CTPYKTYPhI, TaKlle KaK CTBOJIrOJIOBHOrO M03ra H ceHCOypoaem-
a lIOTOM Y:>Ke
HeCMOTp5I aa TO "ITO TaKHe pe-
II 3alIOMHHaHll5I.
H «HecTHpaeMbIMH»,
V
scero
3KC-
llJIll aacrsmaenn.
zteac'rayeun- ,
aKU;llll5IBJI5IIOTCH aBTOMaTllqeCKllMH
H,OBopO)K,ll;eHHhIXMJIeKOlIHTaIOIu;MX. 3TO HX ClIoco6HOC1'h
canoro
JIe,ll;y,
V
na MeCTe
qll5I OT ztpyrnx
orrrpsmraaeun,
'
H TO, "ITO ormrsaer
,ll;)K03e¢
rrepr lIO MllH,ll;aJIHHe: xorzta TbI BH,ll;llillb lIaJIKY, lIOXO)KYIO
BII0JIHe cooTBe 'rcTBYIOT TOMY, "ITO paCCMaTpHBaeTC5I KaK
HhIX, H C
3TOT npouecc
H Ha,ll;eJI5IIOTpas-
CMhICJIaMll. TIPll6JIH3HTbCR