4. Normal Cell Reproduction
Our bodies contain some 100
trillion cells; cells reproduce to
replace & restore old/decrepit
tissue
the nucleus of each cell contains the
genetic materials, dna & rna
WHICH CONTROLS &
REGULATES CELL
REPRODUCTION
oncoGenes & suppressor genes
are found inside dna and work
together in cell reproduction
Dna molecules are replicated
exactly during cell division
in THE few instances dna moleculeS ARE not
replicated exactly, specialized enzymes ACT swiftly
TO REPAIR
Oncogenes initiate cell
division; Suppressor
genes deactivate the
process of cell division
REFERENCE:TEXTBOOK PAGE 365
5. When the body is
exposed to external
factors like chemicals,
radiation, & viruses; &
internal factors like
hormones, immune
conditions, and genetic
mutations
Oncogenes and
supporessor genes
become defective
& lose their
ability to
control/regulate
cell reproduction
Cell
division
is
disrupte
d
Mutant, or
cancerous,
cells can
develop
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 365
8. Abnormal Cell Division
Tumors produce telomerase, an enzyme that
keeps telomeres from completely deteriorating.
This allows the damaged cell to reproduce
indefinitely to produce a…..
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 366
MalignantTumor
A.K.A. CANCER
9. A MALIGNANT TUMOR COVERED IN A
PROTECTED COATING PREVENTING THE
SPREAD OF CANCER.
AT THIS STAGE, CANCER HAS MULTIPLIED INTO
BILLIONS
IF LEFT UNDETECTED, THE TUMOR WILL HAVE
BEEN PROVIDED WITH THE OXYGEN AND
NUTRIENTS NEEDED TO SPREAD
SOME CANCER CELLS WILL BEGIN PRODUCING
CHEMICALS TO ENHANCE ANGIOGENESIS INTO
THE TUMOR, OR THE FORMATION OF BLOOD
VESSELS.
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 366
10. Angiogenesis is the predecessor of metastasis
At this point, cancerous cells can break away from
the malignant tumor and spread throughout the
body
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 366
Photo credit: http://beauchemin.wikispaces.com/Cell+Cycle
11. REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 389 PHOTOCREDIT: Klaus D. Peter, Gummersbach, Germany
PHOTOCREDIT: Creative
Commons / bionerd
14. 1. AVOIDALCOHOL,OR
CONSUME IN MODERATION.
HEAVY ALCOHOL AND
SMOKINGCOMBINEDCAN
INCREASEYOUR RISK FOR
MOUTH,THROAT, LARYNX,
ESOPHAGUS, AND
LIVERCANCER 15 FOLD!
AS LITTLE AS ONE
DRINK PER DAY INCREASES AWOMEN’S
RISK BY 13%
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 373
PHOTOCREDIT:https://sulli-plan-
neuf.wikispaces.com/FiFi+-+AJ+-+Tanvir
15. 2. COMPLETELYABSTAINFROM
SMOKING!!!!
OR STOP SMOKING IFYOU ARE!!!
SMOKING IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 470,000
UNNECESSARY DEATHS INTHE U.S. AND
170,000 LUNG CANCER-RELATED DEATHS
SMOKING CONTRIBUTESTO 15 ADDITIONAL
TYPES OF CANCER: ORAL, LIP, NASAL, PHARYNGEAL, LARYNGEAL,
ESOPHAGEAL, UTERINE, STOMACH, AND PANCREATIC CANCER
LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR A CHRONIC SMOKER
IS ROUGHLY 15 YRS SHORTER THAN A
NON-SMOKER
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE
16. 1/3 OF ALL CANCER IS RELATED TO POOR NUTRITION
INCREASE CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES(BROCCOLI,
CAULIFLOWER, CABBAGE, BRUSSEL SPROUTS, & KOHLRABI),
GREEN & DARK YELLOW VEGETABLES, BEANS (LEGUMES)
EAT MORE BRIGHTLY COLORED FRUITS & VEGGIES CONTAIN
CAROTENOIDS WHICH HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO LOWER THE
RISK OF CERTAIN CANCERS
GET YOUR VITAMINS & MINERALS FROM WHOLE FOOD
SOURCES; AVOID NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTS
SERIOUSLY LIMIT SUGAR & HIGH-SUGAR FOODS
EXERCISE STRENGTHENS/IMPROVES THE BODY’S
AUTOIMMUNE SYSTEM IN WHICH GROWING EVIDENCE
SUGGESTS PLAYS A ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF CANCER
REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 370-376
19. Reference: Hoeger & Hoeger
(12th edition) Lifetime
Physical Fitness & Wellness
CHECK OUT THIS BOOK FOR MORE
INFORMATION REGARDING YOUR
OVERALL HEALTH & WELLNESS
WHICH CONTAINS PLENTY OF
HEALTH/SELF ASSESSMENTS TO
HELP IMPROVE YOUR LIFE AND
MINIMIZE RISK FACTORS