tsunami

2. • “TSUNAMI” is a Japanese word, which
means “harbour wave”.
• Tsunami is a series of large waves of
extremely high wavelength and period which
travells in all directions away from point of
impact.
• Tsunami is one of the most destructive
natural disaster which cause loss of life and
property on large extent.
• Also after the water retreated, there was
the elevated risk of disease created by
contaminated water.

3. • First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C.
in eastern Mediterranean,when the
Minoan civilization was waped out.
• A large tsunami accompanied by the
earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
• North and South American records have
dated such events back to 1788 for Alaska
and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian
tsunami go back to 1821.
• Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off
Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of
Canada in 1929.

4. • Hawaiian tsunami on 1 April 1946
destroyed the city of Hilo, killing 159
people. Other recent tsunami that have hit
Hawaii are those of 1952,1957,1960,1964
and 1975 .
• Total 65 destructive tsunamis struck
Japan between 684 A.D to 1960.
• On 16 August 1976, a large earthquake
in the Moro Gulf in the Philippines
generated a destructive local tsunami
which killed over 8,000 persons.
• Last one was Christmas tsunami in 2004.

5.  Volcanic eruptionsVolcanic eruptions
 IcefallsIcefalls
 Heavy rainfallHeavy rainfall
 Seismic activitiesSeismic activities
 Submarine landslidesSubmarine landslides
 Cosmic impactsCosmic impacts

6. • Volcanic eruptions and icefalls create
disturbance in water and generate
tsunami.
• Heavy rainfall cause overflow of
water and generate tsunamis.

7. Seismic activity is most commonSeismic activity is most common
for tsunamis.Both tectonic andfor tsunamis.Both tectonic and
subduction earthquakes nearsubduction earthquakes near
ocean create tsunamis.ocean create tsunamis.
 In tectonic earthquake, sea waterIn tectonic earthquake, sea water
become deformed, forcingbecome deformed, forcing
displacement of water.displacement of water.
 In subeducationIn subeducation
earthquake,tectonic plates slipearthquake,tectonic plates slip
under each other,create massiveunder each other,create massive
disturbance and causedisturbance and cause
displacement of water.displacement of water.

8. Submarine landslides caused bySubmarine landslides caused by
earthquakes and implosion of underwaterearthquakes and implosion of underwater
explosion.The falling sediment and rock inexplosion.The falling sediment and rock in
these landslides can also trigger massivethese landslides can also trigger massive
water movement,results in tsunamis.water movement,results in tsunamis.

9. These are the least frequent cause of
tsunamis.This is similar to throwing rock
into a pond,except on a large scale.
When rock hit water it creates ripples of
water moving away from point of impact,in
case of cosmic impact,it craetes tsunamis.

10. CHRISTMAS TSUNAMI
 The deadliest tsunamis in recorded history was the Christmas
tsunamis of 2004 in the Indian Ocean.
 On December 24, 2004, a massive 9.2 earthquake occurred
which created a deadly series of tsunamis .
 The death toll was estimated to be in the neighborhood of
3,00,000 to 3,50,000.
 The Christmas tsunami was so powerful it actually sped up the
rotation of the Earth reducing the length of its sidereal day.
 The earthquake that spawned it also caused the Earth to
vibrate all over by as much as 1 cm.

11. • Loss of life and property can be reduced
by proper planning.
• Tsunami warnings can be made to aware
peoples.
• Stay away from all low lying coastal areas.
• Never go down to the shore to watch
tsunami.
• Stay out of low lying danger areas until an
“all-clear” is isued by competent authority.

12. THANK YOU