2. Who is this guy?
Lee Lundrigan
Soft ware Engineer
Blazing Cloud, Inc.
iPhone / iPad Applications in Objective-C
Javascript
HTML / CSS
Wrote a cross browser CSS framework for
iPhone, Android, Blackberry, and Windows Mobile.
Wrote a book - Pro Smartphone Cross-Platform
Development
4. What are we going to
talk about in this class?
XML
HTML foundation
CSS foundation
Website components
5. What will we not cover
in this class?
Differences between HTML and XHTML
Cross browser compatibility (including the mobile
space)
HTML 5 and CSS 3
Webpage Layouts
8. XML
Definition: Extensible Markup Language
XML is a simple, very flexible text format derived from
SGML
W3C sets the XML standards
Current version: 1.0
11. XML Cont....
Tag: A markup construct that begins with "<" and
ends with ">"
Three different kinds of Tags
start-tags <tag>
end-tags </tag>
empty-tags <tag />
Declaration: Optional information about the XML
document
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
12. XML Cont...
Attribute
A name/value pair that exists within a start-tag
or empty-element tag.
<img src=”firefox.png” alt=”Firefox Icon” />
The <img /> tag is an empty element tag with
two attributes: src and alt.
13. XML Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<ship color=”blue”>
<captain>Mr.McGee</captain>
<crew>
<member>Joe</member>
<member>Jane</member>
</crew>
<anchored value=”true” />
</ship>
17. What’s a Markup
Language?
It is a set of symbols and
rules in a document that
describe its structure and
format.
18. Who decides these
rules?
W3C (WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM)
W3C is an international standards body for both
HTML and CSS
Formed in October 1994
Founded by Tim Berners-Lee
Has 356 members as of September 09’
19. HTML Tags
are special keywords surrounded by angle bracket
like <div>
Most HTML tags come in pairs like <div></div>
Consisting of an opening and closing tag
20. Basic Tags
<a href=”http://www.google.com”>This is a link tag to Google.com</a>
<p>This is a paragraph tag</p>
<div>This tag represents a division in the page (called a “div”)</div>
<img src=”C:Desktopimage.png” alt=”My Image” />
<h1>This is heading 1..the largest heading</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2..the second largest heading</h2>
Heading tags are defined h1-h6
Heading tags work just like headings in your favorite word processor
21. Basic Tags Continued
<br /> is a line break and can be used inside text-
nodes.
<ul> is an unordered list. It has children known as
<li> list items. Next to each list item will be a
bullet.
<ul>
<li>Cat</li>
<li>Dog</li>
<li>Mouse</li>
</ul>
22. .HTM, .HTML or .XHTML?
Document extensions
.HTM is the same as .HTML
.HTM is a remnant from the old days when file
extensions were only three letters
.XHTML is the same as a .HTML document
except an .XHTML document is a well-formed
XML document
23. Structure of an HTML
Document
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
24. Doctype (DTD)
Document type declaration
Transitional
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
XHTML == Markup MUST be well formed XML
Transitional == Contains all HTML elements and
attributes, INCLUDING presentational and
deprecated elements (like the <font> tag)
25. <html>
The <html> tag tells the browser that this is an
HTML document.
The html element is the outermost element in
HTML and XHTML documents. The html element
is also known as the root element.
26. <head>
hidden from the user
can contain:
meta information
stylesheet references
scripts
title
28. Deprecated what?
Basically, try to avoid using things marked as
DEPRECATED
While they are supported in the current version
there is no guarantee future versions will
continue support
29. Good Practice
HTML elements should be lowercase
Why? The W3C recommends it and may require
it in the future.
All elements should be closed.
Close an element by either adding a forward
slash to the start element <br /> or add a
forward slash to the ending element like <div></
div>
31. Homework
Make an HTML page using images and
paragraphs (include headers and sub headings)
Make a link on the page to a new page
READ:
Well-formed XML:
http://www.developer.com/net/vb/article.php/
797861/Well-Formed-XML.htm
