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1. Cross-cultural psychology:
A symbiosis of cultural and
comparative approaches
by Yuqiu Liu
www.sinauonline.com

2. Agenda
1 Introduction
2 Conceptions of culture
3 Disciplines studying culture and behavior
4 The need for comparison
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance

3. Introduction
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
The
conception
of “culture”
The need to
seek
generalization
How culture
and behavior
may be
related
Human
behavior Culture

4. 4
Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
A symbiosis is possible between the
within- and across-perspectives on
culture-behavior relationships.
Cross-culture psychology is the
overall encompassing category.

5. 5
Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
Goals of cross-
cultural psychology
TRANSPORT
& TEST
EXPLORE &
DISCOVER
INTEGRATE &
GENERATE

6. THREE dimensions define a “common space” (a cube)
within which we all seek to understand culture-behavior
relationships.
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance

7. Conceptions of culture
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
for about a century:
(1870s to 1970s)
culture was a shared way of life
of a group of people
(Kroeber & Kluckholm, 1952)
after the 1970s:
culture was no longer an
objective context for human, but
became more subjective
(Geertz)

8. Kroeber & Kluckholm, 1952
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
Activities
and
artifacts
Symbols,
values
and
meanings
CULTURE
Out there
antecedentconsequent
In here

9. Geertz
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
• “culture in the mind of the people”
(Geertz,1973)
– “an historically transmitted pattern of
meanings embodied in symbols”
(Geertz, 1973)
– “a conceptual structure or system of ideas”
(Geertz, 1984)
• “culture consists of mental phenomena”

10. 10
Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
CULTURE
Products of past
human behavior
Shapers of future
human behavior

11. Disciplines studying culture and behavior
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
Real phenomena
can be observed
What observers infer
from observations
Frames to allow observers
to interpret observations
Above single individual,
belong to the group Shared constructions
and meanings
Internalized aspects
of one’s culture

12. The need for comparison
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance

13. Conclusion
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Incorporating Knowledge and Learning for a Better Performance
Studying culture-
behavior
relationships
Within (cultural
and indigenous)
Culture-bound
Across
(comparative)
Culture-blind

14. Contact me at liuyq_925@gmail.com
www.sinauonline.com
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