1. Chapter 10 Lecture
Human Geography: Places and
Regions in Global Context
Sixth Edition
Urbanization
Wendy A. Mitteager
State University of New York, Oneonta

2. Key Concepts
• Urbanization • Primacy & centrality
• Urban expansion • Overurbanization
• Gateway & shock cities • Megacities
• Central place theory • Deindustrialization
Figure: Chapter 10 Opener Busy streets of Bamako, Mali, West Africa
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3. Urbanization
• Doubling time
• Towns & cities role in human economic and
social organization
– Mobilizing function
– Decision-making capacity
– Generative functions
– Transformative capacity
Apply your knowledge: Provide examples of how the
transformative capacity of urban settlements can be
liberating for some people.
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4. Urbanization, (cont'd)
Figure 10.1 Urbanization, 2009
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5. Urbanization, (cont'd)
Figure 10.2 Rates of growth in urbanization, 2000–2010
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6. Urbanization, (cont'd)
• Concerned with • Urbanism
the similarities & • Urban origins
differences among
& within urban
places
• Urban system
• Urban form
• Urban ecology
Figure 10.3 Erbil in northeast Iraq
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7. Cities and Civilization
Figure 10.A The buzz factor: meatpacking Figure 10.B Vienna: the coffee house was the
district of Manhattan classic setting in the golden age
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8. European Urban Expansion
• Feudalism
• Towns depended on
role
– Ecclesiastical or
university center
– Defensive stronghold
– Administrative
centers
• Gateway cities
Figure 10.5 Chartres, France
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9. European Urban Expansion, (cont'd)
Figure 10.6a The walled medieval town Figure 10.6b The 13thC strategic center
of Aigues-Mortes, France of Urbino, Italy
Apply your knowledge: List probable gateway cities
along the Atlantic seaboard of North America. What were
their principle imports and exports?
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10. European Urban Expansion, (cont'd)
Figure 10.8 The towns and cities of Europe, ca. 1350
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11. Gateway cities in the Evolving World-
System Periphery
Figure 10.9 Gateway cities in the evolving
world-system periphery
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12. Industrialization and Urbanization
• Transport networks
• Shock city
Figure 10.10 The Burgundy canal in France
Figure 10.14 The urbanization process in
the world's core regions
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13. Industrialization and Urbanization, (cont'd)
Figure 10.12 Manchester, England: The "shock city" of the 19th C
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14. Industrialization and Urbanization, (cont'd)
Figure 10.13 Growth of Chicago
Apply your knowledge: How have the transportation
technologies affected the history of the town or city in
which you live?
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15. Colonial Cities
• European
imperialism
• "Established" or
planted
• Colonial functions
grafted onto an
existing [Insert Figure 10.15]
settlement Figure 10.15 Mumbai, an example of colonial
architecture and urban design
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16. Urban Systems
• Central place
theory
• Rank-size rule
• Primacy
• Centrality
• Connectivity
• World cities
Figure 10.17 Functional specialization within an urban system
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17. Urban Systems, (cont'd)
Figure 10.16 The Spanish urban system
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18. Urban Systems, (cont'd)
Figure 10.18 Examples of urban centrality
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19. Urban Systems, (cont'd)
Figure 10.19 The "square mile" of
the city of London
Table 10.1 Alpha-level world cities in 2088
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20. The World City Network
Figure 10.D Top 25 cities in the global cities index 2010
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21. World Urbanization Today
• Overurbanization
• Squatter settlements
• Megacities
• Informal sector [Insert Figure 10.23]
Figure 10.20 Slum housing in Nairobi, Kenya,
a peripheral city
Apply your knowledge: List the differences between
megacities and world cities
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22. World Urbanization Today, (cont'd)
Figure 10.24 Child labor
in India
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23. World Urbanization Today, (cont'd)
[Insert Figure 10.25] [Insert Figure 10.26]
Figure 10.23 Mumbai
Figure 10.22 Mexico City
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24. The Core: Mature Metropolises
• Deindustrialization
• Agglomeration
Diseconomics
• Decentralization of
jobs and people
• Counterurbanization
• Reurbanization
Apply your knowledge:Identify a town or city that has
experienced counterurbanization or reurbanization over the
last 10 years. Provide reasons for this occurrence.
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25. The Pearl River Delta
Figure 10.F City of Hong Kong
Figure 10.E An extended
metropolitan region
Figure 10.G Guangzhou, China
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26. Future Geographies
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27. End of Chapter 10
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