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World Regional Geography Chapter 2:   Physical Processes That   Shape World Regions
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Spheres Making Up Earth’s Habitable Environment
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.1.1  Plate Tectonics
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.1.1  Plate Tectonics  (continued)
Tectonic Plates & Their Movement Earthquakes, volcanoes, and other geologic events are concentrated where plates separate, collide, or slide past one another.  Where they separate, rifting produces very low land elevations or the emergence of new crust on the ocean floor.
Concentric Layers of the Earth
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.1.2  Major Landform Types
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.2  Patterns of Climate and Vegetation
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.2.1  Precipitation
World Precipitation Map Some geographers argue that this is perhaps the most important of all maps in understanding life on earth.
Supercell Thunderstorm Complex
Types of Precipitation
Cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere
Hurricane Fran  September 1996
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.2.2  Aridity
Wind and Pressure Systems (shading indicates wetter areas)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.2.3  Seasons
Earth vs. Sun at the Solstices Summer Solstice Northern Hemisphere Winter Solstice Southern Hemisphere Winter Solstice  Northern Hemisphere  Summer Solstice  Southern Hemisphere
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.2.4  Climate and Vegetation Types
World Climate Types
World Biomes
Ice Cap Biome British Columbia, Canada The ice cap biome is devoid of vegetation, except in very few spots where enough ice or snow melts in the summer to allow tundra vegetation to grow.
Tundra Northern Norway Tundra vegetation is composed of mosses, lichens, shrubs, dwarfed trees, and some grasses.
Coniferous Forest British Columbia, Canada Needleleaf evergreen coniferous trees can stand long periods when the ground is frozen, depriving them of moisture. Coniferous forests occupy large areas of subarctic climate.
Desert Shrub Sinai Peninsula, Egypt Desert shrub vegetation is often found only in dry riverbeds in arid climates.
Steppe Eastern Turkey The steppe biome is composed mainly of short grasses and is also referred to as temperate grassland.
Tropical Rain Forest Dominica, West Indies The tropical rain forest climate is rainy and occurs at low latitudes. Heat and moisture are almost always present in the biome.
Tropical Deciduous Forest Western India The tropical deciduous forest is found in tropical areas with a dry season that still has enough moisture for tree growth.  Note the Asiatic lions in the photo.
Scrub and Thorn Forest Northern Zimbabwe The tropical deciduous forest thins out to low, sparse scrub and thorn forest in drier areas.
Savanna Southern Kenya Savanna vegetation, which has taller grasses than the steppe, occurs in areas of greater overall rainfall and more pronounced wet and dry seasons.
Mediterranean Scrub Forest Southern California, USA The Mediterranean climate is characterized by rainless summers contrasted with cyclonic or orographic precipitation in the winter.
Temperate Mixed Forest Southern Missouri, USA The mixed forest is a transitional area where both needleleaf and broadleaf trees are present and compete with each other.
Undifferentiated Highland Vegetation San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA Undifferentiated highland climates have a range of conditions based on elevation and exposure to wind and sun.  The numerous biomes are impossible to map on a small scale.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.3.1  The Importance of Biodiversity
World Biodiversity Hot Spots 34 Priority Regions Identified by Conservation International
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.4  The World’s Oceans
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.4.1  Why Should We Care About Oceans?
Tsukuji Fish Market  Tokyo, Japan
Percentage of Ocean Fish Species “Collapsed”
[object Object],[object Object],2.5  Global Environmental Change
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.5.1  Climatic Change
Carbon Dioxide vs. Mean Global Temperature
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.5.2  The Greenhouse Effect
The Greenhouse Effect
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.5.3  The Effects of Global Warming
Ice-Free North Pole
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.5.4  Global Climate Change: What Can Be Done?

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Chapter2

  • 1. World Regional Geography Chapter 2: Physical Processes That Shape World Regions
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Tectonic Plates & Their Movement Earthquakes, volcanoes, and other geologic events are concentrated where plates separate, collide, or slide past one another. Where they separate, rifting produces very low land elevations or the emergence of new crust on the ocean floor.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. World Precipitation Map Some geographers argue that this is perhaps the most important of all maps in understanding life on earth.
  • 13. Cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere
  • 14. Hurricane Fran September 1996
  • 15.
  • 16. Wind and Pressure Systems (shading indicates wetter areas)
  • 17.
  • 18. Earth vs. Sun at the Solstices Summer Solstice Northern Hemisphere Winter Solstice Southern Hemisphere Winter Solstice Northern Hemisphere Summer Solstice Southern Hemisphere
  • 19.
  • 22. Ice Cap Biome British Columbia, Canada The ice cap biome is devoid of vegetation, except in very few spots where enough ice or snow melts in the summer to allow tundra vegetation to grow.
  • 23. Tundra Northern Norway Tundra vegetation is composed of mosses, lichens, shrubs, dwarfed trees, and some grasses.
  • 24. Coniferous Forest British Columbia, Canada Needleleaf evergreen coniferous trees can stand long periods when the ground is frozen, depriving them of moisture. Coniferous forests occupy large areas of subarctic climate.
  • 25. Desert Shrub Sinai Peninsula, Egypt Desert shrub vegetation is often found only in dry riverbeds in arid climates.
  • 26. Steppe Eastern Turkey The steppe biome is composed mainly of short grasses and is also referred to as temperate grassland.
  • 27. Tropical Rain Forest Dominica, West Indies The tropical rain forest climate is rainy and occurs at low latitudes. Heat and moisture are almost always present in the biome.
  • 28. Tropical Deciduous Forest Western India The tropical deciduous forest is found in tropical areas with a dry season that still has enough moisture for tree growth. Note the Asiatic lions in the photo.
  • 29. Scrub and Thorn Forest Northern Zimbabwe The tropical deciduous forest thins out to low, sparse scrub and thorn forest in drier areas.
  • 30. Savanna Southern Kenya Savanna vegetation, which has taller grasses than the steppe, occurs in areas of greater overall rainfall and more pronounced wet and dry seasons.
  • 31. Mediterranean Scrub Forest Southern California, USA The Mediterranean climate is characterized by rainless summers contrasted with cyclonic or orographic precipitation in the winter.
  • 32. Temperate Mixed Forest Southern Missouri, USA The mixed forest is a transitional area where both needleleaf and broadleaf trees are present and compete with each other.
  • 33. Undifferentiated Highland Vegetation San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA Undifferentiated highland climates have a range of conditions based on elevation and exposure to wind and sun. The numerous biomes are impossible to map on a small scale.
  • 34.
  • 35. World Biodiversity Hot Spots 34 Priority Regions Identified by Conservation International
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38. Tsukuji Fish Market Tokyo, Japan
  • 39. Percentage of Ocean Fish Species “Collapsed”
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42. Carbon Dioxide vs. Mean Global Temperature
  • 43.
  • 45.
  • 47.

Notas do Editor

  1. Fig 2.1
  2. Fig 2.2
  3. Fig 2.3
  4. Fig 2.4
  5. Fig 2.5
  6. Fig 2.6
  7. Fig 2.7
  8. Fig 2.8
  9. Fig 2.9
  10. Fig 2.10
  11. Fig 2.11
  12. Fig 2.12a
  13. Fig 2.12b
  14. Fig 2.12c
  15. Fig 2.12d
  16. Fig 2.12e
  17. Fig 2.12f
  18. Fig 2.12g
  19. Fig 2.12h
  20. Fig 2.12i
  21. Fig 2.12j
  22. Fig 2.12k
  23. Fig 2.12l
  24. Fig 2.13
  25. Fig 2.14
  26. Fig 2.15
  27. Fig 2.16
  28. Fig 2.17
  29. Fig 2.18