Atmosphere, Weather and Climate

William P. Cunningham University of Minnesota Mary Ann Cunningham Vassar College Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. *See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes. Chapter 15 Lecture Outline *

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Atmosphere is a Complex System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Zones of the Atmosphere ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Atmosphere and Climate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Absorbed Solar Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Absorbed vs. Reflected Solar Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Energy and the Greenhouse Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Greenhouse Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Convection and Atmospheric Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Convection Currents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Weather Events Follow General Patterns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Coriolis Effect Makes Winds Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coriolis Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ocean Currents Modify Weather ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Billions of People Rely on Seasonal Rains ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Frontal Systems Create Local Weather ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cyclonic Storms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cyclonic Storms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Natural Climate Variability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Major Climatic Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Historical Climate Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Earth’s Movements Explain Some Cycles ,[object Object]

ENSO is an Ocean/Atmosphere Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ENSO ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ENSO Affects North America ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multi-Decade Oscillations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recent Changes are Unusually Rapid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CO 2 Measurements from Mauna Loa

The IPCC Provides Data to Policy Makers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Affects of Global Warming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Projected Sea Level Rises by 2100

How Do We Know it is Human Caused? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Climate Models vs. Observed Climate Change

CO 2 is the Most Important Green House Gas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Warming Ability of Various Green House Gases

Contributors to Global Warming

Climate Change Effects: Why Should I Care? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Observations of Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Observations of Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Observations of Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Global Warming will be Expensive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

4 Steps For Combating Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Flooding, Storms and Disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Envisioning Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2 Main Options for Controlling Emissions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cap and Trade ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stabilization Wedges Could Work Now ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alternative Practices Can Be Important ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Should We Focus on Methane Instead? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Regional Initiatives Are Emerging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conservation and Renewable Energy Offer the Best Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atmosphere, Weather and Climate

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