1. " urÇmhukvor*¾ vlUtcGifhta&;qdkif&m t"duvkyfief; ,EÅ&m;rsm; (2002) "
vkyfydkifcGihfESifh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
The United Nations Thematic Mechanisms 2002
An overview of their work and mandates
International Secretariat, 1 Easton Street, London, WC1X 0DW, United Kingdom
The Law Society, 113 Chancery Lane, London, WC2A 1PL, United Kingdom

2. pmtkyfrSwfwrf;
pmtkyftrnf
“uBmhukvor~ vl@tcGifhta&;qdkif&m t"duvkyfief; ,œ&m;rsm; (2002)”
vkyfydkifcGifhESifh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
xkwfa0onfhESpf
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1000
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EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif; (jrefrmEdkifiH)
(AAPP)
PO Box 93, Mae Sot, Tak Province 63110, Thailand
rsufESmzHk;ESifh twGif;tjyiftqif
rdk;ausmf ({&m0wD)
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bmomjyef
atmifcdkifrif; (c) atmifausmf
Tpmtkyjf zpfajrmufa&;twGuf aiGa=u;t& tar&duefEiitajcpduf trsKd ;om; 'Drua&pD yHy;kd ulna&;tzG@J
kd f H k kd h D
(National Endowment for Democracy) rS yhy;kd ulnonf?
H D

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5. rmwdum
trSmpum; 1
ed'gef;&JΠed'gef; 2
ed'gef; 9
tcef; (1)
tr+wckcsif;pDtay: vkyfief;pepf,Eœ&m;rsm;. udkifwG,fajz&Sif;yHktm; tusOf;csHK;oHk;oyfcsuf 21
Ð w&m;vufvGwf (odk‹) twif;t"RzefwD;aomtajctaea=umifh aysmufqHk;oGm;r_rsm;twGuf tvkyftzGJŒ 21
Ð w&m;0if&Hk;rwifwJhtr_rsm;/ tusOf;&Hk; (okd‹) Oya'rJh uGyfrsufr_rsm;qkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 25
Ð ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_qdkif&mtxl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 29
Ð bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifheJ‹ ,Hk=unfr_vGwfvyfcGifhqkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 33
Ð uav;oli,frsm;tm;a&mif;csjcif;/ uav;jynfhwefqmeJ‹ uav; npfnrf; "gwfyHk/ pmay/ AD'D,dk/
&kyf&Sif qdkif&mudPrsm;twGuf txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 36
Ð rw&m;ojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;qdkif&m vkyfief;tzJG‹ 40
Ð vlrsdK;a&;0g'/ vlrsdK;a&;t&cJGjcm;qufqHjcif;/ wdkif;wyg;om;rkef;wD;r_ cJGjcm;qufqHr+vuf&SdyHkpHrsm;eJ‹
aemufqufwJGwif;rmr_rsm;qdkif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 45
ÐvGwfvyfpGmxifjrif,lqcGifheJ‹ vGwfvyfpGmzGifh[xkwfazmfr_wkd‹ukd jr‡ihfwifumuG,fay;a&;qdkif&m
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 46
Ð trsdK;orD;rsm;tay:t=urf;zufr_/ t=urf;zuf&jcif; ta=umif;&if;rsm;eJ‹
aemufqufwJGudPrsm;qdkif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 51
Ð a&S‹aeawG/ w&m;ol}uD;awG&J‹ vGwfvyfcGifhqkdif&m txl;udk,fpm;vS,f 55
Ð vl‹tcGifhta&;ukd tjynfht0toHk;cs+yD; tqdyfoifhyPnf;awG/ tœ&m,f&SdwJhyPnf;awGeJ‹ pGef‹ypfyPnf;awG
pGef‹ypfr_eJ‹ w&m;r0ifvkyfaqmifr_rsm;&J‹ qdk;&Gm;wJh tusdK;oufa&mufr_rsm;qdkif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 58
Ð ynmoif=um;cGifh qkdif&mtxl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 60
Ð a&$‹ajymif;tajccsaexkdifolrsm;&J‹vl‹tcGifhta&;rsm;qkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 62

6. Ð jynfhpHkvHkavmufwJh aexdkifr_tqifhtwef;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;&J‹ tcsufwcsufjzpfwJh
jynfhpHkvHkavmufwJh ae&mxkdifcif;&&SdcGifhqkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 65
Ð tpm;taomuf &&SdykdifcGifhqkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 67
Ð vl‹tcGifhta&;umuG,folrsm;twGuf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf&J‹ txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 70
Ð a'ocHvlrsdK;pkawG&J‹ tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhawGeJ‹ vl‹tcGifhta&;tajctaeqdkif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 74
tcef; (2)
tr+wckcsif;pDudk udkifwG,fjcif;r&SdwJh t"duvkyfief; pepf,Eœ&m;rsm;tay: tusOf;csHK;oHk;oyfcsuf 77
Ð ukd,fh=uRmukd,fzefwD;ydkifcGifht& vlrsdK;pktcGifhta&; toHk;csjcif;ukd pGufzufjcif;[ef‹wm;jcif;eJ‹
vl‹tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufwJh enf;vrf;wcktjzpf a=u;pm;ppfom;rsm; toHk;ðyr_qdkif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 77
Ð a'owGif; twif;tusyfae&ma&$‹ajymif;cH&olrsm;qkdif&m taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf&J‹txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 79
Ð uav;oli,frsm;eJ‹ vufeufukdifyVdyQqdkif&m taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf&J‹txl;udk,fpm;vS,f 81
Ð tvGeftrif;qif;&JrJGawr_eJ‹ vl‹tcGifhta&;qdkif&m oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJh u|rf;usifol 83
Ð zHG‹òzd;wdk;wufr_tcGifhta&;qdkif&m oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJh u|rf;usifol 85
Ð jynfyaºu;jrDeJ‹ rl0g'nd‡Ed_if;ajymif;vJapa&; oufa&mufr_qdkif&m oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJh u|rf;usifol 87
tcef; (3)
vkyfydkifcGifhtopf 89
Ð tjrifhqHk;&&SdEkdifwJh pdwfykdif;eJ‹&kyfykdif;qkdif&m usef;rma&;tqifhtwef;ukd
vlwdkif;tjynfht0 toHk;csEkdifcGifhqdkif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f 89

7. trSmpum;
'Dpmtkyfudk a&;om;ðypk&mrSm jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; ae@pOfeJ@tr#/ tcsdefeJ@tr# vl@tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufcH
ae&r_awGudk wpHkw&m umuG,fEdkif&eftwGuf &nf&G,fI xkwfa0&jcif;jzpfygw,f? 'Dvdk }uHKawG@ae&wJh
vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufcHaer_awGudk umuG,fzdk@&efrSm csdK;azmufcH&ol/ csdK;azmufol/ b,fvdkcsdK;azmuf cJhovJ
pojzifh tcsuftvufrsm;cdkifvHkapzdk@&efrSm tvGefta&;}uD;vSygw,f? 'grSom udk,f[m b,fvdktcGifhta&;
awG csdK;azmufcHae&ovJ? ppfwrf;rsm;udk b,fvdkaumuf,lrvJ? b,fol@udk wdkif=um;&rvJ? b,fvdkta&;
,lr_awG vkyfay;EdkifovJ pwmawGudk tao;pdwfod&Sdzdk@&efvnf; vdktyfvSygw,f?
'ga=umifh vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_awGudk ta&;,laqmif&Guf&mrSm EdkifiHwum&J@ pHcsdefpHnGef;rsm;/ vl@tcGifh
ta&;aumfr&SifeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpDta=umif;/ olwdk@&J@ ,œ&m;awGubmawGvJ/ olwdk@&J@vkyfydkifcGifhu
bmawGvJ/ olwdk@ bmawGaqmif&GufaeovJ qdkwmawGudk od&SdEdkifzdk@twGuf vef'eftajcpdkuf tjynfjynf
qdkif&m vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtzGJ@}uD; (Amnesty International) eJ@ (The Law Society) t*FvefeJ@
a0;vf Oya'a&;&mtzGJ@}uD;wdk@ 2002 ckESpfu yl;wGJxkwfa0cJhwJh The United Nations 'Thematic
Mechanisms 2002' An overview of their work and mandates qdkwJh pmtkyfudk ‘uBmhukvor~
vl@tcGifhta&;qdkif&m t"duvkyfief; ,œ&m;rsm; (2002)’ vkyfydkifcGihfESifh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; trnfeJ@
bmomjyefqdkvdkufwmjzpfygw,f?
bmomjyef&mrSm twwfEdkifqHk; teD;pyfqHk;eJ@ em;tvnfEdkifqHk;jzpfatmif óu;pm;xm;ygw,f? vkdtyfr_rsm;
&Sd&if cGifhv$wfay;yg&ef awmif;yeftyfygw,f? ?
1

8. ed'gef;&JΠed'gef;
vl‹tcGifhta&;r[mrif;}uD;&Hk; (OHCHR) eJ‹ywfoufwJh taxGaxGowif;tcsuftvufrsm;
ukvor~ vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifu ukvor~&J@vkyfief;aqmifwmawGudk vufawG@vkyfaqmifwJh tzJG@
wpfcktjzpf &yfwnfcJhygw,f? vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifukd 1946 ckESpf 'DZifbmv 10 &ufrSm pwifzJG@pnf;
cJh+yD;vl@tcGifhta&; umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;/ jr‡ifhwifa&;awGe@J ywfoufvdk@ ukvor~&J@ t"du vkyfief;,œ&m;
wckeJ@ EkdifiHwumtwGuf aqG;aEG;n‡dEd_if;wJhae&mwck jzpfvmcJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh aumfr&Sif&J@xda&mufpGm
pGrf;aqmifEkdifr_u ESpfawG=umvmwmeJ@tr# vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufwJh toif;0ifEkdifiHawGu olwdk@udk
olwdk@eJ@ olwdk@&J@r[mrdwf EkdifiHawGukd pHkprf;ppfaq;ta&;,ljcif;rS umuG,fzdk@twGuf toif;0ifjzpfaer_ukd
'dkif;vdk tvJGoHk;pm; toHk;ðyvm=uwJhtcg tuef@towfawGjzpfvmcJhygw,f? 'ghtjyif toif;0ifEkdifiHawG
=um;wnf&SdwJh EkdifiHa&;tajccHoabmwlnDr_t& ta&;ay: vl@tcGifhta&; tajctaeawGukd aumfr&Sifu
ta&;,laqmif&GufEkdifjcif; r&SdcJhygbl;/ 'ghtjyif vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_awGudk rjzpfcif óuwif[ef@wm;jcif;
rðyEkdifyJ jzpf+yD;rSom wHk@jyefta&;,laqmif&GufEkdifpGrf;yJ &SdcJhygw,f? tJ'Dtm;enf;csufawGukd ausmfv$m;ajz&Sif;
Ekdifzdk@ vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifukd vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpDeJ@ tpm;xkd;cJhygw,f? vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&SifeJ@
rwlwmu vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpDu vl@tcGifhta&;udPawGudk ta&;}uD;wJh &nfrSef;csufawGeJ@ vkyfief;aqmif
wmawGtjzpf todtrSwfðyaqmif&GufcJh+yD; tJ'g&J@ tusdK;quftjzpf ukvor~ pepftwGif;rSm ykdrdkjrifhrm;wJh
&yfwnfr_wck &&SdcJhygw,f? 2006 ckESpf rwfv 15 &ufae@rSm uBmtESH@jzpfyGm;wJh vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_
awGeJ@ ywfouf+yD; ta&;,laqmif&Gufzkd@ ykdrdkxdxda&mufa&mufaqmif&GufEkdifr,fh vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpD
xlaxmifa&;udk ukvor~taxGaxGnDvmcHu wcJeufrJay;cJh=uygw,f?
vl‹tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif (United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights) ESifh
vl‹tcGifhta&;aumifpD Human Rights Council -um; t-urf;zsif; ðcH iHkoHk;oyf E+dif;,SOfcsuf
vlŒtcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif vlŒtcGifhta&;aumifpD
1946-pD;yGm;a&;ESifhvlr_a&; aumifpD 2006 rwfv 15-taxGaxGnDvmcH
zJGŒpnf;jcif; atmufrSwqifh (ECOSOC) (nDvmcHqHk;jzwfcsuf 60/251)
taxGaxGnDvmcH&J@ vufatmufcHtzJG@
(ECOSOC) &J@ vufawG@ taumif
tqifhtwef; txnfazmf&wJh aumfr&Sif
tpnf;? ukvor~ &J@ t"duuswJhtzJG@wckjzpfzkd@
ig;ESpfapmifh=unfhcHae&wJh tajctaerSm&Sd
vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,f/ jr‡ifhwif&ef vl@tcGifhta&;
vkyfydkifcGifh vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,f/ jr‡ifhwif&ef
csdK;azmufr_rsm; umuG,fwm;qD;&ef
2

9. tzJGŒ0ifEkdifiHrsm;
ta&twGuf 53 (tm&S- 15) 47 (tm&S- 13)
a&G;aumufcH&yHk vlr_a&;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;aumifpDrSwqifh taxGaxGnDvmcH
a'oqdkif&mtzJG@rS v_H@aqmf/
a&G;cs,fjcif;vkyfief;pOf trnfwifoGif;jcif;
wOD;csif;v#dK@0SufrJay;pepft& wdkuf&kduf a&G;aumufjcif;
oufwrf; oHk;ESpf “tuef@towfr&Sd” trsm;qHk; qufwdkufoufwrf;ESpfck (Oyrm-ajcmufESpf)
1? vl@tcGifhta&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; tjrifhqHk;
taetxm;rSm&Sd&rnf?
2? vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpDeJ@ yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif+yD;
tajccHtcsuftvufrsm; azmfjyrxm; tjynfjynf qdkif&mtcsdefrSef jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;tzJG@.
oHk;oyfr_cH&rnf?
3? rJay;jcif;u vl@tcGifhta&;rSm yg0ifepfðryfvkyfukdifr_ESifh
qENtavsmuf oH"dXmefcsr_wdk@tay: tajccH&rnf
tzJG@0ifEkdifiHawGu tjynfjynfqdkif&m tcsdefrSefjyefvnf
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh oHk;oyfa&;tzJG@. oHk;oyfjcif;ukd yxrqHk;cH&rnf?
azmfjyrxm;
av#mhcs a&$Œqdkif;jcif; csdK;azmufolrsm;u taxGaxG nDvmcH&J@ oHk;yHkESpfyHk
axmufcHrJt& (tqifhtwef;) av#mhcscH&rnf?
pnf;a0;yJGrsm;
(aumifpDtzJG@0if oHk;yHkwpfyHkaxmufcHr_t&) ta&;ay:
ta&twGuf wpfESpfwpf=udrf tajctaerSm txl;tpnf;ta0;ac: Ekdifzkd@eJ@twl
tenf;qHk; yHkrSeftpnf;ta0; oHk;=udrf
oufwrf; &ufowWywf ajcmufywf vuf&SdtzJG@ ay:rlwnf+yD; tenf;qHk;wpfESpfq,fv
ae&m *sDeDAm *sDeDAm
tJef*sDtdkyg0ifr+
pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ vlr_a&;aumifpDqHk;jzwfcsuf 1996/ 31 ay:
pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ vlr_a&;aumifpD qHk;jzwfcsuf tajccHwJhtjyif tJef*sDtdkrsm;u txda&mufqHk; xnhf0if
yg0ifaqmif&Gufr+tajccH 1996/ 31 (21 July 1996) ulnDr_ukdaocsmapzdk@twGuf aumfr&Sifu avhvmoHk;oyf
xm;wJh vufawG@usifhoHk;r_awGay:vnf;tajccHygw,f?
-vufa&;rl wifjycsufrsm;
tJef*sDtdk yg0if -vufa&;rl wifjycsufrsm; (tuef@towfrJh)
(tuef@towfrJh)
-E_wft& wifjycsufrsm; (ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk
aqmif&Gufr+ -E_wft& wifjycsufrsm;
qHk;jzwfrnfjzpfonf)
trsdK;tpm;rsm; (trsm;qHk;ajcmufck/ wck oHk;rdepfpD)
-qufpyfaeaomjzpf&yfrsm;
-qufpyfaeaomjzpf&yfrsm;

10. vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpD tzJG@0if 47 EkdifiHukd ukvor~ a'oqdkif&mtkyfpkrsm;twGif;rS atmufygtwdkif; a&G;cs,f
ygw,f? tmz&durS 13 EkdifiH/ tm&SrS 13 EkdifiH/ ta&S@Oa&myrS 6 EkdifiH/ vufwiftar&dueJ@ um&pfbD,HrS
8 EkdifiH/ taemufOa&myeJ@ tjcm;rS 7 EkdifiH a&G;cs,fygw,f? vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpD tzJG@0if oufwrf;ukd
trsm;qHk; oufwrf;ESpf=udrf qufwdkufomta&G;cs,fcH&&ef uef@owfxm;+yD; b,ftzJG@0if EkdifiHrqdk taxGaxG
nDvmcHoHk;yHkESpfyHk rJt& tzJG@0iftjzpfrS ðzwfcscH&Ekdifygw,f?
vufwiftar&duESifh taemufOa&myESifh
tmz&duEkdifiHrsm; tm&SEdkifiHrsm; ta&SŒOa&myEkdifiHrsm;
um&pfbD,HEkdifiHrsm; tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;
t,fvf*sD;&D;,m; bm&def; tZmbkdif*sef tm*sifwD;em; uae'g
uifr&Gef; bif;*vm;a'h&Sf csuf&Dywfbvpfuf b&mZD;vf zifvef
*sDblwD w&kwf ykdvef usL;bm; jyifopf
*gbGef; tdENd, &dkar;eD;,m; tDauGa'g *smreD
*gem tif'dkeD;&Sm; &yf&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif; *GmwDrmvm e,fomvef
rmvD *syef ,lu&def; rUqDukd qGpfZmvef
arm&pf&S a*smf'ef yD&l; ,lEkdufwuf uif;'rf;
armfa&mhukd rav;&Sm; O&ka*G;
Ekdif*sD;&D;,m; ygupPwef
qDeDa*g zdvpfykdif
awmiftmz&du awmifukd&D;,m;
wleD;&Sm; aqmf'Dtma&;As
ZrfbD,m oD&dvuFm
4

11. t=urf;zsif;taeeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_awGudk vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpDu atmufazmfjyyg tcsuftvuf
awGt& xdxda&mufa&muf wHk@jyefaqmif&GufoGm;zdk@jzpfygw,f?
· tzJG@0ifOD;a& avsmhenf;oGm;jcif; (53 EkdifiHrS 47 EdkifiH jzpfoGm;jcif;)
· vl@tcGifhta&;rSwfwrf;awGeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;eJ@ywfoufwJhudPawGrSm b,favmufepfðryfxm;vJ
qdkwmay:rlwnf+yD; taxGaxGnDvmcH tzJG@0ifwOD;csif;pD&J@ a&G;aumufwifajrSmufr_t&/ EkdifiHwEkdifiHu
vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpD tzJG@0iftjzpfta&G;cHzdk@ a&G;aumufyJGrSmyg0ifr,fqkd&if tJ'DEkdifiHu vl@tcGifhta&;
udPawGrSm b,favmufepfðryf vkyfukdifr,fqdkwmjyzkd@ b,fvkdv_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_awG vkyfr,fqkdwm
uwday;azmfjycsufwck wifjy&rSmjzpfygw,f? vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifwkef;u tJ'Dvdka&G;aumufyJG
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awGr&SdcJhygbl;/ tzJG@0ifEkdifiHawGjzpfzdk@ a'oqkdif&mEkdifiHtkyfpkawGu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;
wmyJ&Sdygw,f (tJ'ga=umifh vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufwJhEdkifiHawGvnf; tzJG@0iftjzpf aumfr&SifrSm ae&m
&cJhygw,f)/ 'ghtjyif tzJG@0ifoufwrf; uef@owfxm;wmrsdK;vJ r&SdcJhygbl;?
· aumifpD&J@ emrnfaumif;eJ@ vkyf&nfukdif&nfukd xdef;odrf;xm;zdk@twGuf tzJG@0ifEkdifiHwckcku vl@tcGifh
ta&;csdK;azmuf usL;vGefcJh&if aumifpDuaexkwfypfEkdifwJh vkyfykdifcGifh&&Sdxm;jcif; (Oyrm- vpfAsm;u
2003 rSm vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif OUX jzpfvmcJh+yD; tJ'gu vpfAsm;&J@ nHhzsif;wJh vl@tcGifhta&;
rSwfwrf;ukd ydkrdkxif&Sm;apcJhygw,f?)
· ta&;ay: vl@tcGifhta&; tajctaeawGay: rlwnf+yD; ta&;ay:pnf;a0;yJGrsm;usif;yjcif; tygt0if
wpfESpftwkdif;twmtwGif; tpnf;ta0;rsm; ykdrdkusif;yjcif;
· tjynfjynfqkdif&m tcsdefrSef jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;vkyfief;pOfuJhokd@ apmifh=unfhavhvma&; vkyfief;pepf
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tygt0if (qdk;&Gm;wJh vl@tcGifhta&;rSwfwrf;&SdwJh EkdifiHawGay: ta&;,laqmif&GufwJh) EdkifiHwckcsif;qdkif&m
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5

12. vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpDu vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;eJ@ wkd;jr‡ifha&; aumfrwDcJGudkvnf;yJ vufajymif; &,lrSm
jzpfygw,f? aumfrwDcJGu vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifjzpfaewkef;u vl@tcGifhta&; udP&yfawGudkavhvm/ vl
enf;pk/ vlrsdK;a&;eJ@ bmoma&;t& cJGjcm;ESdrfhcsqufqHwmawG umuG,fwm;qD;zdk@eJ@ ywfouf+yD; aumfr&Sifukd
wdkufwGef; t=uHðycsufawG wifoGif;wJh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH txl;u|rf;usifol ESpfq,fhajcmufa,mufeJ@
zJG@pnf;xm;wJh vufatmufcH tzJG@wpfckjzpfcJhygw,f? aumfrwDcJGu vlenf;pkawGeJ@ tjcm;tzdESdyfcHtkyfpkawG&J@
vl@tcGifhta&; umuG,fay;zdk@eJ@ cJGjcm;ESdrfhcs qufqHwmawG wkdufzsufzdk@ w&m;r#wpGm tkyfcsKyfa&;eJ@ vl@tcGifh
ta&;awGukd em;vnfoabmaygua&;awGukd avhvmcJ+h y;D tvm;tvmaygi;f ajrmufrsm;pGmukd azmfjycJygw,f?
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6

13. vl‹tcGifhta&;aumifpD. txl;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;
txl;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awGudk ,cif vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifu pwifxlaxmifcJh+yD; vl@tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_
awGudk apmifh=uyf=unfh&_zdk@eJ@ uBmvHk;qkdif&mvl@tcGifhta&;udPawGudk avhvmoHk;oyfzkd@OD;wnf+yD; vl@tcGifh
ta&;aumifpDu qufvufvkyfaqmifygw,f? txl;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awGu xl;jcm;wJh vl@tcGifhta&; e,fy,f
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vS,fawG/ oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJh u|rf;usifol awGpojzifh) jzpfEkdifwJhtjyif yHkrSeftm;jzifh tzJG@0if ig;a,mufeJ@
zJG@pnf;xm;wJh tvkyftzJG@awGvJjzpfEkdifygw,f? wOD;csif;wifjywJhwkdifwef;csufawGudk wHk@jyefaqmif&Gufjcif;/
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rsm;pGmukd txl;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awGu vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufygw,f? EkdifiHqkdif&m vkyfykdifcGifheJ@ t"duvkyfief;
,œ&m;awG uJGjym;wmay:rlwnf}uD; txl;vkyfief;pepfawGudk trsdK;tpm; cJGxm;ygw,f?
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ppfaq;wJh w&m;0ifu|rf;usifolawGeJ@zJG@pnf;xm;wJh tvkyftzJG@awGvJ aygif;pyfyg0ifygw,f? vuf&SdrSm tJ'Dvkd
tvkyftzJG@rsdK; oHk;ck&Sdygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh
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7

15. urBmhukvor*~
vl‹tcGifhta&;qdkif&m t"duvkyfief;,Eœ&m;rsm; (2002)
vkyfydkifcGifhESifh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
The United Nations
Thematic Mechanisms 2002
An overview of their work and mandates
ed'gef;
1? t"duvkyfief;qkdif&m,Eœ&m;awGqdkwm bmawGvJ?
uBmhukvor~tzJG@tpnf;}uD;&J@ t"duvkyfief;qdkif&m ,œ&m;awGukd txl;vkyfief;ukd,fpm;vS,fawG/ ukd,f
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csdK;azmufwmawGudk apmifh=unfhzdk@ ukvor~ vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifu zJG@pnf;ay;xm;wJh vkyfief;tzJG@
awGeJ@ zJG@pnf;xm;ygw,f? 'gawGudk xl;jcm;w,fvkd@ owfrSwfxm;wJh EdkifiHawG&J@ vl@tcGifhta&;tajctaeudk
apmifh=unfhzdk@ vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifu cef@tyfwJh EdkifiHwckcsif;qkdif&m ,œ&m;awGeJ@ uJGjym;atmif “t"du
vkyfief;qdkif&m” tjzpf &nfn$ef;xm;ygw,f? 'Dpmwrf;u 2002 rwfv 18 &ufuae {+yD 26 &ufae@txd
usif;ywJh 58 }udrfajrmuf vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif tpnf;ta0;t+yD;rSmay;tyfwJh vkyfykdifcGifhawGeJ@ EdkifiHwum
vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtzJG@}uD;eJ@ t*FvefeJ@a0;vf Oya'tzJG@tpnf;&Jh vrf;n$efcsufjzpfwJh “urBmŒukvor*~
tzJGŒtpnf;&JŒ t"duvkyfief;qdkif&m ,Eœ&m;rsm; 2002” ((AI Index IOR 40/20/00) published in
2000) jyifqifjznfhpGufcsufawG&Jh aemufqufwJG tusdK;oufa&mufr_yJjzpfygw,f?
'Dpmwrf;&Jh&nf&G,fcsufu owif;tcsuftvuf wifjycsifolawGeJ@ aemufqufwJGtjzpf t"duvkyfief;
,œ&m;awGudk avhvmcsifolawGukd tm;ay;ulnDzdk@yJjzpfygw,f? 'Dpmwrf;u oD;jcm;tr_awG (tr_wckcsif;
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9

16. yxr t"duvkyief;pepfjzpfwhJ twif;tusyzefw;D r_t& 'grr[kwf twif;t"Rtajctaea=umifh aysmufq;kH
f f S
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tpGef;a&mufr_awGeJ@ a=u;pm;ppfom;toHk;csr_awGudk ukdifwG,fzdk@ vkyfief;pepfawGudk zefwD;cJhygw,f? 1990
ckESpfawGrSm uav;a&mif;pm;r_rsm;/ uav;jynfhwefqmeJ@ uav; npfnrf;&kyf&Sif/ Oya'rJh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
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10

17. 2/ b,folawGvJ
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qufoG,fr+rsm;vufcHjcif;
wcsdK@vkyfief;pepfawGu oD;oef@wckcsif; vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_awGukd wdkif=um;wJh qufoG,fr_awGukd
vufcHEdkifygw,f? 'DpepfawGu wOD;csif;qDu/ tJef*sDtdkawGqDu/ tpkd;&awGqDu/ tpkd;&awG=um; aqmif&Guf
ay;wJhtzJG@tpnf; awGqDueJ@ wjcm;ukvor~vufatmufcHtzJG@tpnf;awGeJ@ &Hk;awG (tjcm;EkdifiH okd@r[kwf
vkyfief;pepf qdkif&mtxl; ukd,fpm;vS,fawGtygt0if) qDu vQH&&SdwJh wdkif=um;csufawGudk ta&;,l
aqmif&GufrSm jzpfygw,f?
11

18. tpdk;&rsm;eJ‹qufoG,fjcif;
wu,fvkd@ owif;tcsuftvufawGu ,Hk=unfEkdifavmufw,f/ olwdk@&JhvkyfykdifcGifhxJrSm &Sdw,fvdk@ vkyfief;
pepfawGu ,lq&if ta&;ay:awmif;qdkr_yHkpHt& (okd@ ) pmt&aomf‚/ tpkd;&qDukd qufoG,f ar;jref;ygw,f?
ta&;ay:tr_awG (uGyfrsufcH&awmhrSmudkpkd;&drfwmrskdK;) rSm/ oufqdkifolukdumuG,fay;zdk@ tpkd;&ukd toem;cH
v$mykd@ygw,f/ aemuf+yD; tr_eJ@ygwfoufwJhowif;tcsuftvufukdvJ yHhykd;ay;ygw,f?
odyftvsifrvkdwJhtr_awGeJ@ a,bl,s wdkifwef;csufawGtwGufudkawmh vkyfief;pepfawGu tpkd;&qDudk
wdkifwef;csuf tao;pdwf azmfjyxm;+yD; ta=umif;jyefzkd@ awmif;qdkxm;wJh pmwapmif ykd@ygw,f?
vkyfief;pepftrsm;pku tpkd;&&J@wkef@jyefr_udk ESpfygwfvnftpD&ifcHpmrSm tusOf;csHK;oHk;oyfwm avmufom
vkyfEkdifcsdefrSm wcsdK@vkyfief;pepfawGuawmh tpkd;&&J@wkef@jyefr_ay:rlwnf+yD; auseyfavmufzG,f tajz&wJhtxd
(Oyrm jzpfyGm;wJhjy±emtwGuf wjcm;rwlwJh csOf;uyfr_enf;vrf;awG az:xkwfwifjy+yD;) wufwufºuºu
vkdufvH vkyfaqmifwmrsdK;awG vkyfygw,f? ta=umif;jyef=um;csufr&wJh tr_awGtwGuf vkyfief;pepfawGu
owday;csufawG ykd@ay;ygw,f?
tpkd;&qDukd ta&;ay:toem;cHwm/ pmwapmifykd@wmavmufeJ@awmh wkdif=um;csufwdkif; tajzjyefr&ygbl;?
'gu r[mrif;}uD;&Hk;&J@ t&if;tjrpfrvHkavmufr_ (okd@ ) vQH&&SdwJh owif;taxmuftxm;&Jh t&nftaoG;
ay: rlwnfEkdifygw,f?
aumfr&Sifukdwifjy&wJhESpfpOftpD&ifcHpm
ESpfwdkif;rSm vkyfief;pepfawGu +yD;cJhwJhwpfESpfvHk; olwdk@vkyfcJhwJh vkyfief;awGudkazmfjyxm;wJh tpD&ifcHpm
wapmifukd (rwfeJ@{+yDrSmusif;ywJh) aumfr&SifESpfpOftpnf;ta0;ukd wif&ygw,f? 'DtpD&ifcHpmawGu
taxGaxGudPawG (vkyfykdifcGifhvJ$tyfwmawG/ tvkyfvkyfyHkawG/ tao;pdyfoHk;oyfyHkawG/ wdkufwGef;csufawG)
udk aqG;aEG;wJhtjyif olwdk@vQH&&SdwJhtpD&ifcHpmawGeJ@ EkdifiHwEkdifiHcsif;pDtvkduf tpdk;&&J@ wkH@jyefyHkawGudk
avhvmoHk;oyfygw,f? wcsdK@tpD&ifcHpmawGrSm ta&;ay:toem;cHr_ (okd@ ) tpkd;&qD owif;tcsuftvufykd@
wJh t=udrfa&/ tpkd;&awGu ta=umif;jyefwJh t=udrfa& pwJhpm&if;Z,m;awG yg0ifygw,f? wcsdK@vkyfief;
pepfawGukd (pufwifbmuae 'DZifbmtxdusif;ywJh) ukvor~ taxGaxGnDvmcH ukdwifjyzkd@ =um;jzwf
tpD&ifcHpmawG wifckdif;ygw,f? ¹cif;csufuawmh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf&Jh uav;oli,feJ@ vufeufukdif
jy±emqdkif&m txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu taxGaxGnDvmcHukd ESpfpOftpD&ifcHpm wif&ayr,fh aumfr&SifESpfpOf
tpnf;ta0;ukdawmh =um;jzwftpD&ifcHpmyJwif&ygw,f?
EdkifiHc&D;pOfrsm;
vkyfief;pepfawGu EdkifiHawGG&J@tajctaeukdavhvmzkd@ yxrqHk;taeeJ@ vufawG@uGif;qif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
'Dvdkc&D;pOfrsdK;udk tpkd;&&Jhzdwf=um;csuft&omðyvkyfEkdifygw,f? +yD;cJhwJhaumfr&Sif ({y&,f 2002) tukefrSm
EdkifiHoHk;q,fh&SpfEkdifiHtpkd;&awGu b,fvkyfief;pepfrsdK;udkrqdk avhvmcsifwJhtcsdef olwdk@EdkifiHawGudk avhvm
12

19. Edkifzdk@zdwf=um;cJhygw,f? tJ'DEdkifiHawGuawmh b&mZD;/ blvfa*;&D;,m;/ uae'g/ aumfpwm&Dum/ qdkufy&yfpf/
csufuf&Dywfbvpfuf/ tufpfwdk;eD;,m;/ Oa&myor~ (=op&D;,m;/ b,fvf*sD,H/ 'def;rwf/ zifvef/ jyifopf/
*smreD/ *&dpf/ tdkif,mvef/ tDwvD/ vyfZifbmh*f/ e,fomvef/ ay:wl*D/ pydef/ qGD'if eJ@ ,lEkdufwufuif;'rf;
(+Adwee@J ajrmufyi;f tdi,mvef)/ a*sm*s,m/ *GmwDrmvm/ [efa*&D/ tdupvef/ vwfA;D ,m;/ vpfoa,;eD;,m;/
d f dk k f f D k f f l
armfvfwm/ rUqDukd/ aemfa0/ yD&l;/ ykdvef/ &dkar;eD;,m;/ qvdkaA;uD;,m;/ qvdkaA;eD;,m;/ qGpfZmvef eJ@
wl&uD EkdifiHawGyJjzpfygw,f?
EdkifiHc&D;pOfawGu txl;ukd,fpm;vS,ftwGuf tpkd;&ukd,fpm;vS,fawG/ tJef*sDtkdawG/ um,uH&SifawG/ olwdk@&J@
aqGrsdK;om;csif;awGe@J qufoG,faqmif&Guf&muwqifh owif;tcsuftvufpkaqmif;zdk@ wu,fhtcGifh tvrf;
aumif;awG yHhydk;ay;Ekdifygw,f? EdkifiHc&D;pOfawGu wu,fawmh tpdk;&qDukd wkdufwGef;csufawG tygt0if
aumfr&SifudkoD;jcm;wifjywJh tpD&ifcHpmacgif;pOfawGyJjzpfygw,f? tcgtm;avsmfpGm ESpfckeJ@ ESpfcktxuf
vkyfief;pepfawG (vkyfief;qdkif&m okd@ EdkifiHqdkif&m) u tpkd;&w&yfqDukd yl;aygif;ukd,fpm;ðy r_eJ@ yl;aygif;c&D;pOfawG
vkyfEkdifygw,f?
EkdifiHc&D;pOf tpD&ifcHpmawGrSmygwJh t=uHðywdkufwGef;csufawGu tpkd;&twGuf vl@tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_udk
&yfwef@zdk@ toHk;0ifwJhvrf;n$efcsufawGyJjzpfygw,f? okd@aomfvnf; vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifu wdkufwGef;
t=uHay;csufawGukd jznfhqnf;zkd@twGuf omrefavmufyJ tm&HkpkdufwJhtjyif vkyfief;pepftrsm;pku t&if;
tjrpfcsdK@wJhvGef;wJhtwGuf olwdk@twGufEkdifiHc&D;pOft+yD; aemufqufwJG vkyfief;awGvkyfzdk@qdkwm cJ,Of;
vGef;ygw,f?
ESpfpOftpnf;ta0;rsm;
vkyfieff;tzGJ@awG&J@OUXawG/ txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fawG/ EkdifiHqdkif&mtxl;ukd,fpm;vS,fawG/ udk,fpm;vS,fawG/
eJ@ u|rf;usifolawGu “AD,ifema=unmcsufeJ@ vkyfief;tpDtpOf (tykdif; 2/ pmykd'f 95)” t& “tvkyfawG
vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfzkd@eJ@ [efcsufnDapzkd@twGuf” ESpfpOfawG@qHkaqG;aEG;ygw,f? 'Dtpnf;ta0;awG&J@ yxrqHk;
tpnf;ta0;ukd *sDeDAmrSm 1994 rSmusif;ycJhygw,f? 'Dtpnf;ta0;awGrSm aqG;aEG;wJh ta=umif;t&mawGrSm
vkyfief;pepfawGeJ@ aumfr&Sif=um; vkyfief;ykdif;qdkif&mqufqHa&;/ aumfr&Sifu csrSwfwJh vkyfief;qHk;jzwfcsuf
awGukd taumiftxnfazmfa&;/ vl@tcGifhta&; r[mrif;}uD;eJ@ tjcm;ukvor~ tzJG@tpnf;rsm;=um;
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;/ vkyfykdifcGifhtm%m v$Jtyfr_twGif; trsdK;orD; tcGifhta&;rsm; aygif;pyfxnfhoGif;a&;eJ@
&if;jrpfESifhtkyfcsKyfa&;ykkdif;qdkif&mudP/ &if;jrpfXmeaxmufyhHa&;0efaqmifr_eJ@ owif;toHk;csr_awGyg0ifygw,f?
tjcm;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;
vkyfief;pepfawGu olwkd@vuf&SdvkyfaewJh avhvmcsufawGtwGuf oifhawmfwJh owif;tcsuftvufawGukd
tpkd;&rsm;eJ@ tJef*sDtdkrsm;qDu awmif;cHwmawGukdvnf; yg0ifvkyfaqmifygw,f? 'Dvkyfief;pepfawGu
nDvmcHawG wufa&mufwmrsdK;/ owif;xkwfjyefwmrsdK;eJ@ olwdk@vuf&Sdvkyfaewm ykdaumif;rGefatmifrGrf;rHwJh
tjcm;vkyfaqmifcsuf rsdK;awGukdvJ vkyfaqmifygw,f?
13

20. 4? vkyfief;pepf,Eœ&m;awGukdb,fvkdqufoG,fEkdifvJ
owif;tcsuftvuf wifjyzkd@twGuf (okd@ ) vkyfief;pepf ,œ&m;awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; aemufxyftcsuf
tvufawGodcsif&if atmufyg oifhawmfwJhvkyfief;pepf vdyfpmtwkdif; pma&;om;ay;ydk@Ekdifygw,f?
For the attention of: (oifhawmfwJhvkyfief;pepfemrnf)
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Palais des Nations
Avenue de la Paix 8-14
1211 Geneva 10
Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 917 90 00
Fax: +41 22 917 9006 or 9003
E-mail: webadmin.hchr@unog.ch (remember to include in the subject box which
mechanism you are addressing)
tpD&ifcHpmtopfawGtygt0if qHk;jzwfcsufawG/ ukvor~tcsuftvufpmapmifawG/ owif;ykd@csifol
awGukd taxmuftyHhay;Ekdifzdk@ yHkpHxkwfxm;wJh yHkpHpm&GufawGeJ@ ar;cGef;v$mawG/ aumfr&SifeJ@ vkyfief;pepf
,œ&m;awG&Jh tvkyfeJ@ ywfoufwJhowif; tcsuftvuftjynfhtpHk udktxl;aumfr&Sifem&Hk; tifwmeuf
pmrsufESm (http://www.unhchr.ch) rSmawG@&SdEkdifygw,f? vwfwavmrSm 'Dtcsuftvuf awGukd
&csif&if tifwmeufpmrsufESm homepage ukdoGm; “Sections” ae&mrSm “Programmes” ukdESdyf/
+yD;&if “Extra-Conventional Mechanisms” udkxyfESdyf/ aemufwcg “Thematic Mandates”
udkxyfoGm;&if &&SdEkdifygw,f? qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwfpOfawGeJ@ taxmuftxm;&nfn$ef;csufawG udk “Charter-
based” udk&Smzdk@oHk;Ekdifygw,f?
5? vkyfief;pepf,Eœ&m;awGudk qufoG,f (wkdif-um;) Edkifzkd‹ tedrfhqHk; owif;tcsuftvuf
· b,fol@udkqufoG,faqmif&Gufzkd@vdyfrlxm;ovJ (b,fvkyfief;pepf,œ&m;vJ)/ wdkif=um;wJh csdK;azmuf
r_u vlyk~dKvfukd qufoG,fzkd@vdyfrlxm;wmxuf vkyfief;pepfeJ@ykd+yD;ywfoufw,fqdkwm xif&Sm;vm
Ekdifayr,fh vl@tcGifhta&; aumfr&Sifem&Hk; (OHCHR) uom qHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkifygw,f?
· OD;wnfcsufawGeJ@ vkyfief;enf;vrf;awGtygt0if tzJG@tpnf; (okd@ ) qufoG,fa&;om;ol (wkdif=um;ol)
eJ@ ywfoufwJh tcsuftvuf/ Oyrm owif;tcsuftvufukd b,fvkdpkaqmif; twnfðyr,fqkdwm?
· vkyfief;pepfawGu wdusrSefuef+yD; r#ww,fvkd@,lqwJh owif;tcsuftvufudk ta&;,laqmif&Guf
r,fhtwGuf qufoG,fwifjyyHku 'DvkdrsdK;ykHpHtwdkif;jzpfzkd@ta&;}uD;w,fqdkwm rSwfom;&ygr,f?
· wu,fvkd@ wifjywdkifwef;csufu wOD;csif;tr_eJ@ywfoufae&if/ um,uH&Sif&Jhemrnf/ jzpfwJh &ufpJGeJ@
ae&m/ cskdK;azmufr_&Jh wduswJhtao;pdwf tcsuftvufawG (b,fvdkusL;vGefw,f/ bmvufeuf
14

21. awGoHk;w,f/ cýmukd,f b,ftpdwftydkif; xdcdkuf'%f&m&w,f/ 'grSr[kwf usL;vGefwmu pdwfydkif;
qdkif&mt&qdk&if bmawGyg0ifw,f/ w&m;cHtwGuf b,fvdk xdckduf epfemw,f) tygt0if wkdifwef;wJh
csdK;azmufr_&Jh tao;pdwfukd wifjyyg?
· wu,fvdk@ wifjywdkifwef;csufu a,sbk,s tajctaeqdk&if aemufcHtajctaewck zefwD;ay;zdk@
owif;tcsuftvuf yHhykd;ay;jcif;yHkpHeJ@ pwif&ygr,f? aemufxyfrSwfom;&rJhtcsufu qufoG,fowif;
ykd@csufukd vQH&&Sdr,fholu (csdK;azmufr_jzpfyGm;wJh) EkdifiHeJ@ywfouf+yD; tenf;tusOf;om odoljzpfEkdif
ygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh Oyrm wifjywJhowif;tcsuftvufeJ@ ywfoufwJh w&m;0ifabmifeJ@ EkdifiHa&;
tajctaeawGu wifjyxm;wJh aemufcHtajctaeeJ@ udkufnDEdkif&ygr,f? 'Dtajctaeudk xlaxmif+yD;wJh
tcgrSmawmh vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_ tajctaetcsuftvufawGudk tao;pdwf jc,fr_ef;wifjy&
ygr,f? &SmazGawG@&SdwmawGudk wifjywJhtxJrSm jyXmef;xm;wJhyHkpHawG twdkif;wifjyzdk@ t=uHðyygw,f/
'ghtjyifwifjyawmif;qdkr_awGudk wwfEkdifor#tao;pdwf OyrmeJ@ wuGwifjy&ygr,f?
· qufoG,fwifjyr_ ykHpHESpfckpvkH;eJ@ywfoufvkd@ taxmuftulðy tcsuftvuf rdWLawG yHhykd;ay;yg?
· qufoG,fwifjycsufrSm v#dK@0Suf&rSmawGrsm;yg&if (v#dK@0Sufxm;apcsifwJhta=umif;) azmfjyay;yg?
· wOD;csif;tr_awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; tr_uta&;ay:udP[kwfr[kwfazmfjyay;yg?
· wu,fvdk@wifjyxm;wJhtajctaerSm tajymif;tvJawG&SdcJh&if (Oyrm w&m;vufvGwf tzrf;cHxm;
&wJh wOD;wa,muf jyefvGwfvmwJhtcgrsdK;rSm) vkyfief;pepfukdowif;ydk@zkd@rarhygeJ@?
vkyfief;pepfawGtwGuf aemufxyfvkdwJh owif;tcsuftvufukdawmh 'Dpmwrf;rSm tvsOf;oifhovkd
azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
taxGaxGvkyfykdifcGifhvJ$tyfjcif; (General Mandate)
vkyief;pepfwckcsi;f pDtwGuf oD;oef@csrwwhJ qH;k jzwfcsuawGtjyif aumfr&Siu tpnf;ta0;wdi;f rSm vkyief;
f S f f f k f
pepftm;vHk;ukd olwkd@&JhvkyfykdifcGifhvJ$tyfwmawG t+yD;owfaqmif&Gufzkd@eJ@ oD;oef@xl;jcm;wJh t=uHðywkdufwGef;
csufrsdK;awGudk taumiftxnfazmfzdk@ n$ef=um;wJh qHk;jzwfcsufrsdK;awG csrSwfygw,f? +yD;cJhwJh tpnf;ta0;
awGrSm atmufygtajccHtcsufawGudkxnfhoGif;cJhygw,f?
vl‹tcGita&;ESihf vkyief;pepfqi&m vkyx;Hk vkyenf;rsm; (Human rights and thematic procedures)
hf f kd f f f
aumfr&Siu vkyief;pepfawGukd atmufygtcsursm;tm; tpD&ifcpmawGrm xnfoi;f azmfjyzk@d awmif;cHygw,f?
f f f H S h G
· vkyfief;pepfawGuydk@wJh (wkdif=um;csuf) qufoG,fowif;ykd@csufawG&Jh aemufqufwJG vkyfaqmifcsuf
tjzpf tpkd;&awGu yHhykd;wJhowif;tcsuftvufrsm;/
15

22. · vQHcsOf;uyfEkdifavmufwJh jyoemrsm;tay: rSwfcsufcsr_rsm;eJ@ vkyfydkifcGifhtm%mawGukd ydkrdkxdxd
a&mufa&muf aqmif&GifEkdifzdk@ cJGjcrf;pdwfjzmoHk;oyfr_rsm;&Jh&vm'f/
· vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifem&Hk;&Jh t=uHay;0efaqmifr_eJ@ enf;ynmyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&; tpDtpOfrS
wqifh tpdk;&awGu avsmufywfwJh taxmuftul awmif;cHvmEkkdifwmrsdK;twGuf t=uHOm%f
urf;vSrf;r_rsm;/
· t"dutm;jzifh trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: ypfrSwfxm;wJh (okd@ ) txl;ojzifh trsdK;orD;rsm; xdckduf vG,fwJh
vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_ oabmobm0eJ@ vufawG@uswJh csdK;azmufr_rsm; tay: cJGjcrf;pdwfjzmokH;oyfr_
rsm;eJ@ vdift& cJGjcm;qufqHr_tcsuftvufrsm;/
· vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fjr‡ifhwifolrsm;&Jh owif;tcsuftvufeJ@ olwdk@vHkðcHa&;udk b,fvkd jr‡ifhwifay;
EkdifrvJqdkwJhtcsuf/
· t"dutm;jzifh uav;oli,frsm;ukd ypfrSwfxm;wJh (okd@ ) txl;ojzifh uav;oli,frsm; xdckduf vG,fwJh
vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_ owif;tcsuftvufeJ@ touft& cJGjcm;qufqHr_ tcsuftvufrsm;/
trsKd ;orD;rsm;tay:t-urf;zufruz,f&m;wduzsujf cif; (Elimination of violence against women)
+ dk S k f
trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: t=urf;zufr_qdkif&m txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu ol@vkyfydkifcGifhtwdkif; xrf;aqmifEkdifzdk@
txl;ojzifh olawmif;wJh owif;tcsuftvufukd wHk@jyefay;zkd@ aumfr&Sifu tpdk;&tm;vHk;udk arWm&yfcH
xm;ygw,f? 'ghtjyif vkyfief;pepf tm;vHk;eD;yg;udk olwdk@&J@vkyfykdifcGifhtm%m e,fajrxJrSm vdift& vl@tcGifh
ta&; csdK;azmufr_awGeJ@ trsdK;orD;rsm;eJ@ rdef;ri,frsm;tm; vlukeful;r_udk txl;tm&Hkpdkufzdk@ aumfr&Sifu
awmif;qkdxm;ygw,f?
xifjrif,lqcsufeJ‹ azmfxkwfwifjycGifhqdkif&mvGwfvyfcGifhudkjr‡ifhwifjcif;
(Promotion of the right to freedom of opinion and expression)
aumfr&Sifu txdrf;odrf;cH yk~dKvfrsm;/ t=urf;zufcH (okd@ ) rw&m;qufqHcH&olrsm;eJ@ ywfoufwJh owif;
tcsuftvufrsm; (okd@ ) xifjrif,lqcsufqdkif&m vGwfvyfcGifh/ uBmhvl@tcGifhta&; a=unmpmwrf; (1948)
t& twnfðyazmfjyxm;csufrsm;/ EdkifiHa&;eJ@ vlr_tcGifhta&;qdkif&m (1966) EkdifiHwum oabmwlnDcsuf
eJ@ tjcm;avsmfuefwJh vl@tcGifhta&;enf;vrf;rsm;ukd usifhoHk;olrsm;tm; cJGjcm;qufqH ESdyfuGyfjcif;rsm;ukd
*&kðytm&Hkpkdufzkd@eJ@ tjcm;b,fazmfxkwfwifjycGifhqdkif&m vGwfvyfcGifh ,dk,Gif;qHk;&_H;r_ rsdK;ukdrqdk owdðyzkd@
vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
t}uHay;0efaqmifr+rsm;eJ‹ enf;ynmqdkif&m yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr+rsm;
(Advisory services and technical co-operation)
(oifhawmfwJh b,fae&mrSmyJjzpfjzpf) wdusxl;jcm;wJh pDrHudef;awG (vl@tcGifhta&; tajctae&Jh vufawG@eJ@
16

23. jrifomxifom&SdwJh tajymif;tvJawGudk xnfhoGif;yg0ifEkdifzkd@ tjrifwckeJ@twl vl@tcGifhta&; aumfr&Sifem
&Hk;u }uD;=uyfaqmif&GufwJh t=uHay;0efaqmifr_eJ@ enf;ynmqkdif&m yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ tpDtpOfatmufrSm
todtrSwfðy aqmif&GufEkdifzkd@twGuf) twGuf wifjyawmif;cHr_awGudk olwkd@&Jh t=uHðy wdkufwGef;csufawGrSm
xnfhoGif;zkd@ aumfr&Sifu vkyfief;pepfawGudk wkdufwGef;ygw,f?
EkdifiHwcktwGif;aexdkifr+t& (okd‹) vlrsdK;pk/ ukd;uG,f,Hk-unfr+eJŒ bmompum;t&
vlenf;pkjzpfaeolrsm; twGuf tcGifhta&;rsm;
(Rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities)
aumfr&Sifu (EdkifiHwcktwGif;aexkdifr_t& (okd@ ) vlrsdK;pk/ ukd;uG,f,Hk=unfr_eJ@ bmompum;t& vlenf;pk
jzpfaeolrsm; tcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf; (1992) yg tcsuftvufrsm;t&) vlenf;pkawG&Jh tcGifhta&;awGudk
umuG,fjr‡ifhwifzdk@eJ@ oifhawmfovkd taxmuftyHhay;tyfzkd@ vkyfief;pepfawGudk vkyfykdifcGifh tm%mrsm;twGif;
oifhawmfavsmufywfwJh tav;xm;av;pm;r_awG qufvufay;tyfzkd@ wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
tpkvdkuft_yHKvkduf xGufajy;ajymif;a&$Œolrsm;/ twif;tusyfae&majymif;cH&olrsm;ESifh vl‹tcGifhta&;
(Human rights and mass exoduses and displaced persons)
tpkvdkuftjyHKvdkuf xGufajy;ajymif;a&$@r_rsm;eJ@ ajymif;a&$@olrsm;&Jh jy±emrsm;/ olwdk@&J@ qütavsmuf
ae&yfjyefEdkifa&;twGuf apmifhqdkif;ae&r_ESifh a'owGif; twif;tusyf ae&majymif;a&$@ cH&EdkifzG,f&SdwJh (okd@ )
ajymif;a&$@cH&wJh tajctaersm;ukd (oifhawmfwJhae&mrSm) owif;tcsuftvuf &SmazGpkaqmif;zkd@eJ@ tpD&if
cHpmawGrSm owif;tcsuftvufeJ@ wdkufwGef;csufawG xnfhoGif;zkd@ aumfr&Sifu vkyfief;pepfawGukd wdkufwGef;
xm;ygw,f?
a'owGif;twif;tusyf ae&ma&$Œajymif;cH&olrsm; (Internally displaced persons)
a'owGif;twif;tusyf ae&majymif;cH&r_awGudk tm&Hkpkdufzkd@/ a'owGif; twif;tusyf ae&majymif;a&$@
cH&EdkifzG,f&SdwJh (okd@ ) ajymif;a&$@cH&wJh tajctaeawGay:u owif;tcsuftvuf &SmazGpkaqmif; aewmawG
udkqufvkyfzkd@eJ@ tpD&ifcHpmawGrSm owif;tcsuftvufeJ@ wdkufwGef;csufawGxnfhoGif;zkd@ aumfr&Sifu
vkyfief;pepfawGukd wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
ukvor*~tzJGŒtpnf;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;eJ‹yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;
(Co-operation with representatives of UN bodies)
aumfr&Sifu tpkd;&awGudk ukvor~tzJG@tpnf;rsm;eJ@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvkdolrsm;tay: yHkpH trsdK;rsdK;jzifh
jcdrf;ajcmuftusyfukdifjcif; vufpm;ajctjypf'%fay;jcif;rsdK;udkrqdk a&Smif&Sm;&yfwef@zkd@ wkdufwGef; xm;wJh
tjyif vkyfief;pepf ,œ&m;rsm;tygt0if ukvor~tzJG@tpnf;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkvnf; ukvor~
vl@tcGifhta&;qdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awGtwGuf csOf;uyfr_rsm;rS wm;qD;aESmuf,Sufjcif;udk umuG,fzkd@
wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f? vkyfief;pepf,œ&m;rsm;udkvnf; aumfr&SifudkwifwJh tpD&ifcHpmawGrSm vl@tcGifhta&;
csdK;azmufr_jzpfyGm;r_awGeJ@ olwdk@b,fvkdwkef@jyef udkifwG,fajz&Sif;w,fqdkwJh owif;tcsuftvufawG
17

24. xnfhoGif;wifjyzdk@ n$ef=um;xm;ygw,f?
ukvor~ vl@tcGifhta&;tzJG@awGeJ@ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufcGifh &rxm;wJh tJef*sDtdk ukd,fpm;vS,fwdkif; vl@tcGifh
ta&;csdK;azmufr_awGukd vl@tcGifhta&;qdkif&m r[mrif;}uD;&Hk;ukd tjrefqHk;owif;ykd@zdk@ ta&;}uD;ygw,f?
uav;oli,ftcGifhta&;rsm; (Rights of the child)
uav;oli,fawGtwGuftœ&,f&Sd+yD; (vrf;ay:u uav;awG/ uav;vkyftm; acgif;yHkjzwfr_/ vufeufudkif
yËdyQrsm;eJ@ uav;oli,frsm;/ uav;oli,fa&mif;csr_rsm;/ uav;jynfhwefqmeJ@ uav;oli,frsm;tm;
npfnrf;&kyf&Sif/ "gwfyHk/ pmtkyfrsm;wGiftoHk;csr_rsm; tygt0if) olwdk@&Jh tcGifhta&;awG tcsdK;azmufcH&wJh
xl;jcm;wJhtajctaeawGay: txl;*&kðytm&Hkpdkufzkd@ aumfr&Sifu vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
pGyfpJGjypfwif tjypf'%fay;jcif;rS uif;vGwfcGifh (Impunity)
aumfr&Sifu olwdk@tvkyfcGiftwGif;rSmtusHkK;0ifwJh pGyfpJGjypfwiftjypf'%fay;jcif;rS uif;vGwfcGifh udP&yfrsm;ukd
tav;xm; pOf;pm;zkd@ vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
wzufowf twif;tusyf ta&;,laqmif&Gufr+rsm;ESifh vl‹tcGifhta&;
(Human rights and unilateral coercive measures)
aumfr&Sifu wzufowftwif;tusyf ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_rsm;eJ@ aemufqufwJGqdk;usdK;rsm;ukd txl;
tav;xm;tm&Hkpkdufzkd@ vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
"g;pmcHtjzpf ac:aqmifjcif; (Hostage – taking)
aumfr&Sifu olwdk@tvkyfcGiftwGif;rSm tusKH;0ifwJh "g;pmcHtjzpfac:aqmifcH&jcif;rsm;&J@ aemufqufwJG
tusdK;qufawGukd oifhawmfovkd qufvufazmfxkwfwifjyzkd@ vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
t-urf;zufpepfESifh vl‹tcGifhta&; (Human Rights and Terrorism)
aumfr&Sifu t=urf;zuftzJG@tpnf;rsm;&Jh v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;/ v_yf&Sm;yHkenf;vrf;rsm;/ vufawG@vkyfaqmifr_rsm;eJ@
aemufqufwJG&v'frsm;ukd oifhawmfovkd tav;xm;pOf;pm;zkd@ oufqdkifwJh vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef;
xm;ygw,f?
w&m;pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh txl;ojzifh uav;oli,fw&m;pD&ifa&;
(Administration of justice, in particular juvenile justice)
aumfr&Sifu uav;oli,fw&m;pD&ifa&; tygt0if/ w&m;pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;eJ@ xda&mufwJh vl@tcGifhta&;
umuG,fr_rsm;eJ@ qufpyfwJh ar;cGef;rsm;tm; qufvuftav;xm; vkyfaqmifzkd@eJ@ 'DtwGuf (t=uHay;
18

25. 0efaqmifr_eJ@ enf;ynmtaxmuftul awmif;cHr_rsm;tygt0if) wdusxda&mufwJh wdkufwGef; t=uHay;csuf
rsm; yHhykd;ay;zdk@ oufqdkifwJh vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
'Drdkua&pDESifh vlrsdK;a&;0g't-um; (uGm[r+) n‡dE+dif;r_
(Incompatibility between democracy and racism)
aumfr&Sifu vkyfief;pepfawG (txl;ojzifh vuf&SdvlrsdK;a&;0g'yHkpHawG/ vlrsdK;a&;t& cJGjcm;qufqHwmawG/
wkdif;wyg;om;rsm;tm;rkef;wD;r_eJ@ aemufqufwJGtjzpf tjrifusOf;ajrmif; &efvkdr_rsm;twGuf cef@tyfwJh
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f) udk vlrsdK;a&;rkefwD;r_wdk;yGm;vmr_eJ@ EdkifiHa&;t&eJ@ vl@tzGJ@tpnf;taetxm;t&
(txl;ojzifh 'Drdkua&pDpepfeJ@ ravsmfuefwJh/ n‡dEd_if;r&EkdifwJh) wkdif;wyg;om;rkef;wD;r_tay:tajccHwJh vl@
tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_awGtay: qufvuftav;xm; vkyfaqmifzkd@ wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
roefrpGrf;rsm;twGuf vl‹tcGifhta&; (Human rights of persons with disabilities)
aumfr&Sifu olwdk@tvkyfcGiftwGif;rSm tusHkK;0ifwJh roefrpGrf;rsm;twGuf vl@tcGifhta&; tajctae ukd
azmfxkwfaqmif&Gufzkd@ vkyfief;pepftm;vHk;udk wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
vlrsdK;a&;0g'/ vlrsdK;a&;t& cJGjcm;qufqHjcif;/ wdkif;wyg;om; rkef;wD;r+eJ‹ cJGjcm;qufqHr+yHkpHrsm;
(Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and All Forms of Discrimination)
aumfr&Siu olw@kd vyyicitwGi;f rSm tusKH ;0ifwhJ vlrsKd ;a&;0g'/ vlrsKd ;a&;t& cJjG cm;qufqjH cif;/ wdi;f wyg;om;
f k f dk f G hf k
rkef;wD;r_eJ@ aemufqufwJG vlrsdK;a&;wif;rmr_rsm;tm;vHk;ukd wdkufzsufzkd@ 'gbefa=unmcsufeJ@ uBmhnDvmcH&Jh
vkyfief;tpDtpOfawGudk oifhawmfovkd pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;zkd@ vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
*vkdb,fvkdufaZ;&Sif; (urBmðyr+) eJ‹ vl‹tcGifhta&;&JŒtoHk;0ifr+tay: tusdK;oufa&mufr+
(Globalization and its impact on the full enjoyment of human rights)
aumfr&Sifu (oifhawmf&meJ@ olwdk@vkyfykdifcGifhtwGif;rSm tusHK;0ifwJh) vl@tcGifhta&; r[mrif;}uD;&Jh *vkdb,f
vdkufaZ;&Sif;eJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;&Jh toHk;0ifr_ay: tusdK;oufa&mufr_ tpD&ifcHpmukd pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;zkd@ vkyfief;
pepfawGudk wdkufwGef; xm;ygw,f?
vlwdkif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufr+/ nDr#r+/ vlr+a&;w&m;r#wr+eJ‹ cJGjcm;qufqHr+rðyjcif;rsm;tm; 'Drdkua&pD&J‹
ta&;ygwJh tajccHrsm;tjzpf cdkifrmapjcif;
(Strengthening of popular participation, equality, social justice and non-discrimination as
essential foundations of democracy)
aumfr&Sifu olwdk@vkyfykdifcGifh twGif;rSmtusHkK;0ifwJh vlwdkif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_/ nDr#r_/ vlr_a&; w&m;r#wr_eJ@
cJGjcm;qufqHr_ rðyjcif;rsm;tm; 'Drkdua&pD&J@ta&;ygwJh tajccHtkwfjrpfrsm;tjzpf ckdifrmapzkd@twGuf taumif
txnfazmfzkd@ vkyfief;pepfawGudk wdkufwGef; xm;ygw,f?
19

26. aysmufqHk;aeolrsm; (Missing persons)
aumfr&Sifu vufeufudkifyËdyQrsm;eJ@qufEG,fwJh vlaysmufwkdifwef;csufjyemrsm;ukdk azmfxkwfwifjyzkd@
oufqdkifwJhvkyfief;pepftm;vHk;ukd arWm&yfcHxm;ygw,f?
20

27. tcef; (1)
tr+wckcsif;pDtay: vkyfief;pepf,EW&m;rsm;.
udkifwG,fajz&Sif;yHktm; tusOf;csHK;oHk;oyfcsuf
w&m;vufvGwf (odk‹) twif;t"rRzefwD;aomtajctaea-umifh aysmufqHk;oGm;r+rsm;twGuf tvkyftzGJŒ
WORKING GROUP ON ENFORCED OR INVOLUNTARY DISAPPEARANCES (WGEID)
aumfr&SifqHk;jzwfcsuf 20 (XXXVI) t& 1980 wGifqHk;jzwfcsrSwfonf
vkyfykdifcGifheJ‹ tvkyfvkyfyHkenf;vrf; (Mandate and working method)
w&m;vufvGwf (okd@ ) twif;t"RzefwD;r_ tajctaea=umifh aysmufqHk;oGm;olrsm; - um,uH&Sif&J@ rdom;pk
awGudk olwkd@aqGrsdK;om;csif;awG b,fa&mufvJqdkwmeJ@ bmjzpfvJqdkwm qHk;jzwfEkdifzdk@ axmufulEkdif&eftwGuf
avsmufywfwJh ar;cGef;awGukd avhvmqef;ppfzkd@twGuf WGEID udk vkyfydkifcGifhawG ay;tyfxm;ygw,f?
tr_wckcsif;pDtwGuf aysmufoGm;olawGb,frSmvJ/ aoovm;&Sifovm;/ twdtus pHkprf;ppfaq;
udkifwG,f+yD;om;vm;qdkwm aocsmap+yD;/ oufqdkifwJh tpdk;&awGeJ@rdom;pkawG=um; (yHkrSeftm;jzifh tJeJ*sDtdk
rsm;rSwqifh) qufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;wck xlaxmifzkd@twGuf WGEID u qufvufvkyfaqmifygw,f?
WGEID u tjcm;vkyfief;wm0efrsm;eJ@vJ vkyfief;vJ$tyfvkyfukdifwmrsdK;awG txl;ojzifh w&m;vufvGwf
tajctaea=umifh aysmufqHk;olrsm;umuG,fwm;qD;a&; a=unmcsuf (1992) udk EkdifiHawG taumif
txnfazmf aqmif&Guf&mrSm axmufyHhulnDygw,f? WGEID u EkdifiHawGudk apmifh=unfhzkd@eJ@ a=unmcsufeJ@
wuG taumiftxnfazmf vkyfaqmifr_awGudk tjynfht0 tm&Hkpkdufr_ay;zkd@ olwdk@&Jh wm0efawGeJ@ ukdufnD
atmif a=unmcsufuwqifh ay;xm;wJh vkyfykdifcGifhtm%m&xm;ygw,f?
“aysmufqHk;oGm;r+rsm;” t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsuf (Definition of “disappeared”)
“aysmufqHk;oGm;r_” udk t"d`g,fowfrSwf&mrSm WGEID u a=unmcsuf ueOD;rSmazmfjyxm;wJh ('gudk
taumiftxnfazmfwmu ol@vkyfydkifcGifhtwGuf t"duuswJh) t"d`g,fzGifhqkdcsuf udk toHk;ðyygw,f?
“aysmufqHk;oGm;ol” wa,muf[m tzrf;cH&ol/ ol@&JhqüeJ@qef@usif+yD; xdef;odrf;cH&ol (okd@ ) jyefay;qJGcH&ol/
(okd@ ) (u) tm%mydkifrsm; 'grSr[kwf tjcm;tqifhqifhaom tpkd;&Xmersm; (okd@ ) (c) (wkduf&dkuf 'grSr[kwf
oG,f0kduf+yD;) tpkd;&ukd,fpm;/ tpkd;&cGifhðycsuft& (okd@ ) tpkd;&tultnDeJ@ pepfwus zJG@pnf;xm;wJhtzJG@
tpnf;awG 'grSr[kwf yk~dKvfwOD;csif;pDa=umifh vGwfvyfr_jiif;y,f &kyfodrf;cH&ol/ (aemufqufwJGtjzpf
WGEID u twdkuftcHtzJG@tpnf;awGu owfrSwfwJh “aysmufqHk;r_rsm;” eJ@awmh ywfoufvkyfaqmifr_
r&Sdygbl;) tjzpf &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; owfrSwfcH&oljzpfygw,f?
'ghtjyif 'Dtiftm;pkawGu aysmufqHk;oGm;olwa,muf b,fa&mufaevJqdkwmudk v#dK@0Suf ay;xm;w,f (odk@ )
21

28. olbmjzpfw,fqdkwm azmfjyzkd@jiif;y,fw,f (odk@ ) ol@&J@ vGwfvyfr_ &kyfodrf;cH&oltjzpf todtrSwfðycH&ol
jzpfwJhtwGuf Oya'tumtuG,f tjyifa&mufaeoltjzpf owfrSwfcH&oljzpfygw,f?
twif;tusyfzefwD;r_a=umifh “aysmufqHk;oGm;r_rsm;” ukd tjynfjynfqkdif&m &mZ0wfw&m;&Hk; (a&mr&Hk;) &J@
trdef@jyXmef;csuf 7 (1) (ps) t& vl@tokdif;t0kdif;udkqef@usifwJh &mZ0wfr_tjzpf owfrSwfygw,f?
tr+wckcsif;pDudk avhvmqef;ppfjcif; (Examining individual cases)
WGEID u “aysmufqHk;oGm;r_rsm;” wdkif=um;csufrsm;ukd vQH+yD; ppfaq;=um;emygw,f? 'Dvdk vQHEdkifzdk@
twGuf qufoG,fwkdif=um;r_wckudk a&;om;wifjy&rSmjzpf+yD; ay;ykd@ol b,folb,f0gqdkwmukdyg &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; azmfjy&rSm jzpfygw,f? qufoG,fwdkif=um;csufu aysmufqHk;ol&Jhrdom;pk 'grSr[kwf rdwfaqGrsm;u
ay;ykd@wmrsdK;jzpfwwfayr,fh wcgw&H tJ*sDtdk wckckrSwqifhvnf; ay;ykd@Ekdifygw,f? WGEID u woD;yk~v
tr_awGudk (wkdif=um;qufoG,fcsufawGudk vQHwmuvJGvdk@ ) ukd,fwdkif pHkprf;ppfaq; =um;emwmrsdK;ukdawmh
ðyvkyfrSmr[kwfygbl;?
WGEID u tr_wckudkvufrcHcifrSm qufoG,fwkdif=um;csufawGukd atmufygtajccH vkdtyfcsufrsm;twdkif;
jznfhpGufwifjy&rSmjzpfygw,f
· aysmufqHk;ol&JhemrnftjynfhtpHkeJ@ oifhawmfwJhudk,fa&;taxmuftxm; tcsuftvufrsm;
(Oyrm-trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwifeHygwf (okd@ ) "gwfyHk)
· aysmufqHk;wJh&ufpJG-tzrf;cH&wJh ae@&uf/ v eJ@ ESpf/ jyefay;qJGcH&csdef (okd@ ) aemufqHk;awG@cJhcsdef?
wu,fvdk@aysmufqHk;oludk ae&mwckrSm xdef;odrf;cHae&wJhtaeeJ@ aemufqHk;awG@cJh&w,fqkd&if
(b,fwkef;ueJ@ b,fae&mrSmqdkwJh) cef@rSef;ajcazmfjycsufwck vkdtyfygw,f?
· tzrf;cH&wJh (okd@ ) jyefay;qJGcH&wJh ae&m 'grSr[kwf aysmufqHk;oludk aemufqHk;b,frSmawG@cJhvJ?
tenf;qHk;ae&ma'wckudk azmfjyay;zdk@vkdtyfygw,f?
· aysmufqHk;olukd jyefay;qJGwJh (okd@ ) zrf;qD;wJh (okd@ ) vlrodwJhv#dKK@0Sufae&mrSm xdef;odrf;zkd@ óu;yrf;olrsm;
aysmufqHk;ol&Jh uH=uRmeJ@ b,fa&mufaevJqdkwmudk qHk;jzwfEkdifzkd@ (okd@ ) tedrfhqHk;taeeJ@ tm;&p&m
r&SdwJh (okd@ ) oHo,jzpfzG,faumif;wJh jynfwGif;ajz&Sif;csufrsm; (Oyrm &Jpcef;wck 'grSr[kwf teD;qHk;
aq;&HkwckrSmom pHkprf;ppfaq;r_rsm;) udk ajymif;vJzkd@ óu;pm;csufawGudkazmfjywJh wifjycsufawGukd tqifh
vkduf vkyfaqmifygw,f? wdkif=um;csufwifoGif;ol (okd@ ) tzJG@tpnf;ukd todtrSwfðyrSwfom;jcif;
(awmif;qdkcsuftay: tajccH+yD; xdyfwef;v#dK@0Suftjzpf odrf;qnf;xm;rSmjzpfygw,f?)
tu,fI aysmufqHk;oGm;wJh trsdK;orD;wa,mufu ukd,f0efeJ@qdk&if rdcifjzpfol tcsKyftaESmifcHumv
twGif;rSm arG;zGm;vmrJhuav; b,ftcsdefarG;rvJqdkwm rdcifjzpfol&Jhtr_jzpfpOfxJrSm xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rSm
jzpfygw,f? trSefwu,f tcsKyftaESmifcHumvtwGif; rdcifjzpfoluav;arG;wmukd oufaotodtrSwfðy
+yD;wJhtcg uav;udk oD;jcm;tr_tjzpf owfrSwf&rSmjzpfygw,f?
WGEID u owif;tcsutvufwifoi;wJtcgrm taxmuftulðytcsutvufawG (Oyrm-aysmufq;
f Gf h S f kH
22

29. ol&J@"gwfyHk/ 'grSr[kwf oufaotaxmuftxm;awG) xnfhoGif;wifzdk@ wdkufwGef;ygw,f?
tr+rsm;ukd udkifwG,fjcif; (Handling of cases)
WGEID &J@ udkifwG,fajz&Sif;csufu ol@e,fajr{&d,mtwGif;jzpfwJh vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_tay: umuG,f
wm;qD;zdk@eJ@ csdK;azmufr_jzpfyGm;wJhtcg pHkprf;ppfaq;azmfxkwfzkd@ 'DEkdifiHwcku wm0ef&Sdw,fqdkwJh pnf;rsOf;
tay:tajccHygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh WGEID u e,fajrwcktwGif;rSm tpkd;&ukdwdkufcdkufaewJh yHkrSefr[kwfwJh
'grSr[kwf vufeufukdiftkyfpkawGu wifjyawmif;qdkwJh woD;yk~v “aysmufqHk;wJh” tr_awGudk ukdifwG,f
ajz&Sif;rSmr[kwfygbl;? vufeufudkifyËdyQtwGif; jzpfwJhtajctaersdK;awGudkvJ udkifwG,frSmr[kwfygbl;?
“aysmufqHk;r_”u b,frSmrSef;rodwJh umvwkdxdef;odrf;cH&wJh udPrsdK;r[kwfbl;qdkwm twnfðyzdk@uvJ
ta&;=uD;ygw,f? 'DvdkudPrsdK;udk WGEID ukd rwifjy rwkdif=um;oifhygbl;?
“aysmufqHk;r_” wdkifwef;csufu txufazmfjyyg tajccHvkdtyfcsufrsm;eJ@udkufrudkuf csifhcsdef qHk;jzwf+yD;wJh
tcg tr_udkqufvufpHkprf;ppfaq;+yD; &vmwJh&v'fudk WGEID udk jyefvnfowif;ykd@ ta=umif;=um;zkd@
tm%mykdifawGudk arWm&yfcHcsufeJ@wuG WGEID u oufqdkifwJhtpkd;&qDudk tr_udk vJ$ajymif;ay;ygw,f?
“aysmufqHk;r_” rSm wEkdifiHxufykdwJh EdkifiHawGu tm%mydkifawG wkduf&dkufwm0ef&SdwJh 'grSr[kwf yg0ifywf
oufaewJh tr_awGrSm WGEID u “aysmufqHk;r_jzpfwJhEkdifiHu wm0ef&SdolawGqDukda&m zrf;qD;r_ 'grSr[kwf
aysmufqHk;olukd jyefay;qJGac:aqmifr_rSm yg0ifywfoufaewJh tm%mykdkifawG&JhEkdifiHukda&m tr_udk vJ$ajymif;
ay;tyfEkdifygw,f?
ta&;ay: t,lcHqdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; (Urgent appeals procedure)
“aysmufqHk;r_” ukd wkdif=um;wJh wdkifcsufawGudk WGEID u vQH&&Sd+yD; oHk;vtwGif; jzpfyGm;wJh tr_awGudk
ta&;ay:t,lcHrsm;eJ@oufqdkifwJh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;twdkif; oufqdkif&mtpdk;&awGukd wdkuf&dkufvJ$ajymif;
ay;tyfygw,f?
tpkd;&rsm;qDrS ta-umif;jyef-um;csufrsm;ESifh tr+rsm;udk tao;pdwf &Sif;vif;azmfjyjcif;
(Replies from governments and clarification of cases)
tpdk;&qDu aysmufqHk;olb,fa&mufaew,fqdkwmeJ@ bmjzpfw,fqdkwJh uH=uRm&,fyg0ifwJh ta=umif;jyef
tpD&ifcHpmukd rlv&if;jrpf (wkdif=um;wJhqD) ukdjyefv$Jajymif;ay;ygw,f? rlv&if;jrpfu tpkd;&&Jhta=umif;jyef
csufudk &&Sdt+yD; ajcmufvtwGif;ta=umif;rjyef&if (okd@ ) WGEID utpkd;&&J@ owif;ykd@ta=umif;jyefcsufudk
usdK;a=umif; obm0rusbl;vkd@ xifjrifqHk;jzwf&if tr_udk &Sif;vif;+yD;+yDvkd@ ,lqEkdif+yD; ESpfpOftpD&ifcHpm&Jh
pm&if;Z,m; tusOf;csKyfatmufu “tpkd;&rsm;&Jh ta=umif;jyef=um; aqmif&Gufcsuft& &Sif;vif;+yD;aomtr_
rsm;” acgif;pOfatmufrSm xnfhoGif;Ekdifygw,f? rlv&if;jrpfu oifhawmfwJhtajctaeay:rSm tpkd;&&Jh owif;
tcsuftvufudk qef@usifwkef@jyef&if tpkd;&udk owif;ykd@ ta=umif;=um;/ rSwfcsufay;zkd@awmif;qkd+yD; tr_
udkrydwfyJ qufzGifhxm;ygw,f?
23

30. WGEID u oufqkdifwJhtpkd;&wkdif;ukd r&Sif;vif;&ao;wJh tr_awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; tenf;qHk; wESpfwcg
owday;+yD; vQH&&Sd+yD;ajcmufvtwGif; vJ$ajymif;ay;vkdufayr,fh &Sif;vif;csufr&ao;wJh ta&;ay:tr_awG
tay: wESpfESpfcg owday;ygw,f?
ppfwrf;ar;cGef;yHkpHv$m (Questionnaire)
tr_awGwi=f um;wifjywm vG,uacsmarG@apzk@d WGEID u “aysmufq;kH oGm;r_” awGtay: owif;yk@d wki=f um;
dk f l d
csufawGtwGuf (ukvor~ vl@tcGifhta&;r[mrif;=uD;&Hk; tifwmeufpmrsufESm (http://www.unhchr.
ch/html/menu2/7/b/disappea/explanote.htm) ay:rSm&EdkifwJh) pHðyyHkpHwck jyifqifxm;ygw,f?
taxGaxG (General)
aumfr&SifudkwifjywJh'DtpD&ifcHpmxJrSm WGEID u a=unmcsufudk taumiftxnfazmfwJh owif; tcsuf
tvufawGeJ@ twif;tusyft&eJ@ tvdktavsmuf aysmufqHk;oGm;olrsm;tm; umuG,fzdk@ vuf&Sd EkdifiHwum
&mZ0wfr_qdkif&meJ@ vl@tcGifhta&; yHkpHabmifudk avhvmppfaq;zkd@ oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJh u|rf;usifol cef@tyf
wmukd axmufcHtm;ay;wJh owif;tcsuftvufawG xnfhoGif;yHhykd;xm;ygw,f?
24

31. w&m;0if&Hk;rwifwJhtr+rsm;/ tusOf;&Hk; (okd‹) Oya'rJh uGyfrsufr+rsm;qkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f
SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON EXTRAJUDICIAL, SUMMARY OR
ARBITRARY EXECUTIONS ECOSOC qHk;jzwfcsuf 1982/ 35 t&csrSwfonf
vkyfykdifcGifhvJ$tyfr+rsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfyHkenf;pepf (Mandate and working method)
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f&J@vkyfykdifcGifhu (1948) uBmhvl@tcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf;/ (1966) tjynfjynfqdkif&m
EkdifiHa&;ESifh taxGaxGvlr_tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m oabmwlnDcsuf&J@ tykd'fcJG 4 / 6 / 14 / 15 eJ@ (1989)
w&m;0if abmifjyify/ tusOf;&Hk;w&m;pD&ifr_eJ@ Oya'rJhw&m;pD&ifr_rsm;ukd xda&mufaom umuG,fwm;qD;
r_eJ@ pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;qkdif&m pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;ay:rSm t"dutm;jzifhtajccHygw,f?
txl;uk,pm;vS,u woD;yk~vrsm;/ te*strsm;/ tpk;d &rsm;e@J tpk;d &awG=um; aqmif&uwtz@GJ tpnf;rsm;u
d f f J f D kd G f hJ
wifjyw/hJ atmufygtajccHvtyfcsursm;e@J vJ udunwtr_awGtay:rSm ta&;,laqmif&uEiygw,f?
dk f k f D hJ G f dk f
· ao'%ftrdef@ESifhqufpyf+yD; touf&SifaexdkifcGifhqdkif&m tcGifhta&;udk csdK;azmufr_rsm;? txl;ukd,f
pm;vS,fu w&m;r#wr_r&SdwJh w&m;pD&ifr_uae trdef@cswJh ao'%ftrdef@ (okd@ ) t,lcH0ifEdkifcGifhqdkif&m
tcGita&;ukcsKd ;azmufr_ (ok@d ) tr_rvw+f idr;f cGie@J tquftoG,&mazGz@dk tcGita&;csKd ;azmufrrsm;udk
hf d S G hf f S hf _
0ifa&mufpuzufEdifygw,f? txl;ukd,fpm;vS,u wu,fvd@k usL;vGefolu tr_usL;vGecserSm touf
G f k f f d f
18 ESpf rjynfhao;&if (okd@ ) usyfrjynfh&if (okd@ ) pdwfazmufaeoljzpf&if (okd@ ) ukd,f0efonfjzpfae&if
(okd@ ) uav;arG;+yD;ump rD;aeonfjzpfae&if vnf; tr_udk0ifa&mufpGufzufcGifh&Sdygw,f?
· EkdifiHtm%mydkifrsm;/ jynfol@ppftkyfpkrsm;/ woD;yk~vrsm; (okd@ ) tpkd;&eJ@yl;aygif;aqmif&GufaewJh
'grSr[kwf tpkd;&ucGifhðyxm;wJh (rodcsifa,mifaqmif/ ajrSmufay;xm;wJh) tzJG@tpnf;awGeJ@ trnfeJ@
trsdK;tpm; raz:jyEkdifayr,fh txufazmfjycsufawGeJ@ qufEG,faeolawG&J@ owfjzwfzdk@ +cdrf;ajcmufr_eJ@
pD&ifcgeD; Oya'eJ@ravsmfnDwJhtrdef@awGtay: pkd;&HG@r_rsm;
· n‡Of;yrf;ESdyfpufr_/ OayQmðyr_eJ@ tiftm;oHk;r_awGa=umifh csKyfaESmifcH&pOftwGif;aoqHk;r_rsm; (okd@ )
touftœ&m,f +cdrf;ajcmufaewJh xdef;odrf;csKyfaESmifr_rsm;
· w&m;Oya'pkd;rdk;a&;tm%mykdifrsm; (odk@ ) wdkuf&dkuf 'grSr[kwf oG,f0kduf+yD; tpkd;&&J@oabmwl
cGifhðycsuft& taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufolrsm;&J@ tiftm;toHk;ðyr_a=umifh aoqHk;r_rsm;/ tiftm;
toHk;ðyr_u t"duvkdtyfr_&,f oifhawmfr#wr_&,fwdk@&J@ tajccHvkdtyfcsufawGeJ@ rukdufnDyJ 0da&m"d
jzpfwJhtcg
· EkdifiHvHkðcHa&;wyfzJG@awG&J@wkdufcdkufr_awG/ jynfol@ppftzJG@awG&Jhwdkufckdufr_awG/ uGyfrsufa&;tzJG@awGeJ@
tjcm;tpdk;&ucGifhðyxm;wJh (okd@ ) tpkdk;&eJ@yl;aygif;aqmif&GufaewJh oD;oef@wyfzJG@awG&J@ wdkufckdufr_a=umifh
aoqHk;r_rsm;
25

32. · vufeufukdifyËdyQrsm;twGif; vlom;qefwJh Oya'enf;vrf; abmifrsm;ukdqef@usif+yD; txl;ojzifh
omrefjynfolrsm;&Jh touf&Sifaexdkifr_qkdif&m tcGifhta&;rsm; csdK;azmufcH&r_rsm;
· EkdifiHwcktwGif; touftœ&m,f&Sdaeolrsm;udk xkdEkdifiHrS u,fxkwfay;jcif; (okd@ ) ajymif;a&$@ay;jcif;eJ@
ydwfqdk@xm;wJh e,fpyfrsm;rSwqifh olwdk@twGuf tœ&m,f&SdwJh EdkifiHwckrSxGufcGmzkd@ óu;pm;&if; EkdifiHa&;
cdkv#HKcGifh awmif;cHolrsm;udk umuG,fay;jcif;
· rsdK;jzKwfowfjzwfr_
· wkdifwef;wJh touf&SifaexkdifcGifhqkdif&m tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_awGeJ@ tJ'DtwGuf wm0ef&SdolawGudk
Oya'a&S@arSmufykd@aqmifzkd@twGuf pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;twGufwm0ef&Sdr_udk csdK;azmufjcif;
· touf&SifaexkdifcGifhqkdif&m tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufcH&olrsm;twGuf vHkavmufwJhavsmfa=u; axmufyHh
ay;tyfzkd@ wm0ef&Sdr_udk csdK;azmufjcif;
tr+wckcsif;pDudk avhvmqef;ppfjcif; (Examining individual cases)
tenf;qHk; atmufygowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk a&;om;wifjy&rSm jzpfygw,f
· um,uH&Sif&J@ xl;jcm;csufrsm; tjynfhtpHk
· tr_jzpfyGm;wJhae&meJ@ ae@pJGtjyif b,fvkdjzpfyGm;w,fqkdwJh tusOf;csKyfazmfjycsuf
· wu,fvkd@odr,fqdk&if usL;vGefolrsm;&J@emrnfrsm;eJ@ olwkd@bmvkd@ wm0ef&Sdw,fvdk@ oHo, t0ifcH&
w,fqdkwJh &Sif;vif;azmfjycsufeJ@ wu,fvkd@ usL;vGefolawGu tm%mydkifawG r[kwf&if 'Dyk~dKvfwOD;csif;
(okd@ ) tzJG@awGu tpdk;&eJ@ b,fvkdqufpyfaew,fqdkwJh tao;pdwftcsuftvufawG
· txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fqDukd wkdif=um;csufwifoGif;wJh tzJG@tpnf; 'grSr[kwf wOD;csif;&J@emrnfeJ@ vdyfpm
tjynfhtpHk
tr+rsm;ukdukdifwG,fjcif; (Handling of cases)
w&m;0if&Hk;rwifyJ/ tusOf;&Hk; (okd@ ) Oya'rJhuGyfrsufr_awGtwGuf wdkif=um;wJhtr_awGudk oufqdkif&mtpdk;&
rsm;xHv$Jajymif;ay;tyfygw,f? tpdk;&awGudk tr_awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; pHkprf;ppfaq;csufawG&J@wdk;wufr_awGeJ@
&v'fawG/ usL;vGefolawGudk b,fvdkppfaq;&Hk;wifta&;,lxm;w,f/ um,uH&Sif&J@ rdom;pkawGudk b,fvdk
avsmfa=u;rsdK; axmufyHhay;tyfxm;w,fqdkwJh tcsufawGyg0ifwJh owif;tcsuftvufawGeJ@twl ta=umif;
jyef=um;zkd@ wkdufwGef;xm;ygw,f?
26

33. ta&;ay:t,lcHqkdif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; (Urgent appeals procedure)
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu w&m;0if&Hk;rwifyJ/ tusOf;&Hk; (okd@ ) Oya'rJh uGyfrsufawmhrSm jrifomwmudk pkd;&HG@wJh
tr_awGtwGuf ta&;ay:t,lcHrsm; wifoGif;Ekdifygw,f? txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu toufqHk;&_H;r_rsm;ukd um
uG,fzkd@ 0ifa&mufpGufzufEkdifygw,f? 'DtajctaeawGrSm owfjzwfzdk@ +cdrf;ajcmufr_awG/ ao'%fusrsm;udk
uGyfrsufawmhr,fhtwGuf pkd;&drfr_awG/ txufrSmazmfjyxm;+yD;wJh tcsufawGtygt0if ao'%feJ@ywfouf+yD;
jyÏmef;xm;wJh ekdifiHwumowfrSwfcsufawGudk csdK;azmufr_awGyg0ifygw,f? txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu w&m;0if
&Hk;rwifyJ/ tusOf;&Hk; (okd@ ) Oya'rJh uGyfrsufcH&zdk@ +cdrf;ajcmufcHae&olrsm;ukd tœ&m,f&SdaewJh EkdifiHuae u,f
xkwf&Sif;vif;+yD;a=umif; owif;ykd@csufawG &&Sd+yD;wJhtcgrSmvnf; tpkd;&awGqDukd ta&;ay: t,lcHv$mawG
ay;ydk@Ekdifygw,f?
ta&;ay:t,lcHv$mawG vJ$ajymif;wifoGif;wJhtcg txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu oufqdkif&mtpdk;&rsm;udk atmufyg
tcsufrsm; wdkufwGef;ygw,f
· +cdrf;ajcmufcH&olrsm; (okd@ ) uGyfrsufcH&EkdifwJh tœ&m,f&Sdaeolrsm;udk xda&mufwJh tumtuG,fay;a&;
aocsmapzkd@
· vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_awGtwGuf vGwfvyf+yD;r#wwJh pHkprf;ppfaq;a&; tjynfht0taumif
txnfazmfa&;
· w&m;vufvGwf uGyfrsufr_awG usL;vGefolrsm;udk w&m;Oya't& ta&;,la&;
· um,uH&SifawG&J@ tcGifhta&;awG umuG,fay;a&;eJ@
· aqmif&GufaewJhtqifhwdkif;udk txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fukd qufvufowif;ydk@ wifjya&;rsm;jzpfygw,f?
tpkd;&rsm;qDrS ta-umif;jyef-um;csufrsm;eJ‹ tr+rsm;udktao;pdwf &Sif;vif;azmfjyjcif;
(Replies from governments and clarification of cases)
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu tpkd;&qDu aemufqufwJGowif;tcsuftvuf tjynfhtpHkukd (okd@ ) tr_jzpfpOf
wdkif=um;csuf&J@ rlvZmpfjrpfudk awmif;cHEkdifygw,f? vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_awG/ vwfwavm jzpf+yD;om;
tr_awGtwGuf bufrvdkufwJh tjynfht0pHkprf;ppfaq;r_wck qufvufvkyfaqmifzkd@/ w&m;0if &Hk;rwifyJ/
tusOf;&Hk; (okd@ ) Oya'rJhuGyfrsufr_ usL;vGefolrsm;udk w&m;Oya't& ta&;,lzkd@eJ@ um,uH&Sif&Jh rdom;pk
awG&J@ tcGifhta&;awGudkumuG,fay;zkd@ tpdk;&w&yf&J@wm0ef&Sdr_udk txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu tm&Hkpkduf
apmifh=unfhygw,f? 'DtajccHvkdtyfcsuftm;vHk;ukd taumiftxnfazmf jznfhqnf;+yD;rSom tr_wckudk
ydwfEkdifygw,f?
27

34. ppfwrf;ar;cGef;yHkpHv$m (Questionnaire)
tusOf;&Hk; (okd@ ) Oya'rJhuGyfrsufr_awGukd owif;ykd@ wkdif=um;csufawGtwGuf tr_awGwkdif=um;wifjywm
vG,fulacsmarG@apzkd@ txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu (ukvor~ vl@tcGifhta&; r[mrif;=uD;&Hk; tifwmeuf
pmrsuEm (ttp://www.unhcr.ch/tml/menu2/7/b/execut/exequest.htm) ay:rSm&Ediw) pHðyyHpwck
fS h h h k f hJ kH
jyifqifxm;ygw,f?
taxGaxG (General)
r=umao;cifu aumfr&Sifudkwifjyxm;wJh tpD&ifcHpmrSm txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu qufvufvkyfaqmifzkd@
vdktyfwJh “txl;tm&Hkpkdufp&m” ajcmufckudk tom;ay;az:jyxm;ygw,f? tJ'gawGuawmh
· vufeufudkifyËdyQrsm;twGif; touf&SifaexkdifcGifhqdkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;udk csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;/
· vHkðcHa&;wyfzJG@rsm;. owfjzwfr_rsm; (okd@ ) wkdufcdkufr_a=umifh aoqHk;r_rsm;/
· tpkd;&eJ@yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifwJh (okd@ ) cGifhðycsuft&vkyfaqmifwJh oD;jcm;udk,fykdifwyfzJG@rsm;eJ@ jynfol@
ppftkyfpkrsm;rS usL;vGefaom csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;
· usL;vGefcHum,uH&Sifrsm;&J@ tcGifhta&;rsm;/ avsmfa=u;eJ@ jypf'%frS vGwf+idrf;uif;vGwfcGifh
· uav;oli,frsm;&J@ touf&Sifaexkdifr_qkdif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;udk csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;
· ukvor~vl@tcGifhta&;qkdif&mtzJG@rsm;eJ@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufolrsm;/ vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,f jr‡ifhwif
olrsm;tay: usL;vGefaom csdK;azmufr_rsm;eJ@
· ao'%f tjypfay;jcif;qkdif&mrsm; jzpfygw,f?
tpD&ifcHpmxJrSm w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&; tm%mykdifrsm;&J@ tiftm;tvGeftu|HoHk;r_rsm;eJ@ ywfoufwmawG/
oufqdkif&mEkdifiHawGrSm touftœ&m,f +cdrf;ajcmufcH&olrsm;tm; u,fxkwfae&majymif;a&$@ay;wmawG/
trsdK;orD;rsm;b0qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;/ touf&SifcGifhqkdif&mtcGifhta&;awGeJ@ vdifykdif;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;
awG csdK;azmufcH&wmawGeJ@ ywfoufwJh wdkufwGef;t=uHay;csufawG yg0ifygw,f?
28

35. ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r+qdkif&mtxl;ukd,fpm;vS,f
SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON TORTURE
aumfr&SifqHk;jzwfcsuf 1985/ 33 t&twnfðy csrSwfonf
vkyfykdifcGifhvJ$tyfr+rsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfyHkenf;pepf (Mandate and working method)
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f&J@ vkyfykdifcGifhu (1948) uBmhvl@tcGifhta&; a=unmpmwrf;/ (1966) tjynfjynfqdkif&m
EkdifiHa&;ESifh taxGaxGvlr_tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m oabmwlnDcsuf&J@ tykd'fcJG 4 / 6 / 14 / 15 eJ@ (tESdyfpuf
rcH&zkd@eJ@ tjcm;&ufpuf=urf;ñuwfwJh/ vlom;rqefwJh (okd@ ) ESdrfhcsqufqHr_ (okd@ ) jypf'%fay;r_rsm;rS uif;vGwf
ykdifcGifhawGudk tmrcHcsufay;wJh) (1984) ESdyfpufn‡Of;yrf;r_eJ@ tjcm;&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfwJh/ vlom;rqefwJh
(okd@ ) ESdrfhcsqufqHr_ (okd@ ) jypf'%fay;r_rsm;rS umuG,fwm;qD;r_qdkif&m nDvmcHay:rSm t"dutm;jzifh
tajccHygw,f?
ykdodomxif&Sm;wJh ESdyfpufn‡Of;yrf;wJh tr_awGtjyif atmufazmfjyyg tr_awGuvJ txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu
ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_rsm;tjzpfowfrSwfwJh tjcm;tr_awG&J@ erlemawGyJjzpfygw,f?
&kyfykdif;qkdif&mESdyfpufr+rsm; (Physical torture including)
tvif;a&mifeJ@ toHtvGeftu|HtoHk;ðy+yD;ESdyfpufr_/ xl;jcm;wJhaq;0g;rsm;oHk;+yD; ESdyfpufr_ (Oyrm-tefapwJh
apomorphine eJ@ touf&SLusyfapwJh curare aq;rsm;toHk;ðyr_)/ umv&Snf tem;r,l rtdyfpufapr_/
umv&Snf tpmrau|;yJxm;r_/ umv&Snf wukd,f&nfoef@&Sifa&;rvkyfapr_/ umv&Snf aq;0g;ukocGifh
ray;r_/ w&m;0iftrdef@csrSwfxm;wJh ukd,fxdvufa&muftjypf'%fay;r_/ csKyfaESmifcH&pOf t"RðyusifhcH&r_eJ@
vdifykdif;qdkif&mapmfum;cH&r_rsm;yg0ifygw,f?
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m n‡if;yrf;EdSyfpufr+rsm; (Psychological or mental torture including)
vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; txD;usefapjcif;eJ@ todt=um;ykdif;qkdif&m tm&HkcHEkdifr_rsm;rS uif;a0;apjcif; (wu,fvkd@
'DtajctaeawGrSm tcsdef=umvmwmeJ@tr# jyif;xef+yD;wcgw&H ukoajymif;vJr&EdkifawmhwJh pdwfydkif;qdkif&m
c|dK@,Gif;r_/ ynma&;qdkif&meJ@ pdwfcHpm;wkef@jyeffr_qkdif&mjyoemawG jzpfay:apEkdifygw,f?)/ tcsdefeJ@ae&m twd
tus cef@rSef;r&EkdifwJh tjrJwrf; ra&&mwJh (r=umc%qdkovkd ae&majymif;csKyfaESmifcH&jcif;) tajctaerSm
csKyfaESmifcH&jcif;/ rdom;pkaqGrsdK;rsm;udk ESdyfpufowfjzwf&ef +cdrf;ajcmufcH&jcif;/ vHk;0 OayQmðycH&jcif;/ (wu,f
owfawmhr,fhyHkpHrsdL;eJ@ ) [efaqmifuGyfrsufcH&jcif;rsm;eJ@ rdom;pkaqGrsdK;rsm; aysmufqHk;aer_wdk@jzpfygw,f?
txl;udk,fpm;vS,f&J@ vkyfief;aqmif&GufcsufawGuawmhatmufygtwdkif;jzpfygw,f
· vQH,Hk=unfEdkifavmufwJh owif;tcsuftvufawGudk tpdk;&rsm;/ txl;ðytzJG@tpnf;rsm;/ tpdk;&
twGif; tzJG@tpnf;rsm;eJ@ tJef*sDtdkrsm;xHrSawmif;cHjcif;eJ@ vQHaqmif&Gufjcif;
29

36. · tpkd;&rsm;xH (olwdk@&J@tajctaeay:rSm ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufay;zkd@u txl;udk,fpm;vS,f&J@ vkyfydkifcGifh
xJrSm ygaewJhtwGuf) pkd;&drfa=umifh=u&olrsm;&J@ tajctaeudk &Sif;vif;azmfjyzkd@ ta&;ay: arWm&yfcH
csufrsm; ydk@ay;ygw,f?
· txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu (ol@vkyfykdifcGifhtm%mxJrSmoufa&mufwJh) 'Dvkdtr_rsdK;awG jzpfyGm;r_rS um
uG,fzkd@twGuf w&m;0iftkyfcsKyfa&;t& ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsuf owif;tcsuftvufawGudk tpdk;&
awGqDukdvJ$ajymif;ay;ykd@ygw,f?
· oufqkdifwJhtpdk;&&J@ todtrSwfðyr_ay:rlwnf+yD; uGif;qif;awG@qHkavhvmr_awG qufvkyfygw,f?
tr+wckcsif;pDudk avhvmqef;ppfjcif;
ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;cH&oleJ@ywfoufwJh owif;tcsuftvufawGudk tenf;qHk; atmufygowif;tcsuftvuf
rsm;yg0ifwJh wdkif=um;csuftjzpf txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fqD a&;om;wifjy&rSmjzpfygw,f
· (ESdyfpufcH&wJh) um,uH&Sif&Jh ukd,fa&;tcsuftvuf tjynfhtpHk
· ESdyfpufr_ jzpfyGm;wJh ae@pJG (tenf;qHk; ESpfeJ@ v udk azmfjy&rSm jzpfygw,f)
· um,uH&Sif tzrf;cH&wJhae&meJ@ (odr,fqdk&if) ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_jzpfwJh wnfae&m/ a'o
· ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;wmudk vkyfaqmifwJh tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ta=umif; azmfjycsuf
· toHk;ðywJh ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;wJhyHkpHeJ@ &v'ftjzpf '%f&mtemw&jzpfr_tay: tusOf;csKyfazmfjycsuf
· wkdif=um;csuf tpD&ifcHpmwifwJh yk~dKvf/ tzJG@tpnf;&J@trnf
(rl&if;r[kwfwJh) oifhawmfavsmufywfwJh b,ftaxmuftxm;rqkd&Jh rdWLrsm; (aq;ppfcsuf/ &JrSwfwrf;
pojzifh) ESdyfpufr_udkazmfxkwfajz&Sif;&mrSm taxmuftyHhtjzpftoHk;0ifrJh tcsuftvufrsm;tjzpf yHhykd;
wifjyay;&rSmjzpfygw,f?
tr+rsm;ukdukdifwG,fjcif;
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu olvQH&&SdwJh ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;jcif;qkdif&meJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufwJh tr_wckcsif;eJ@
oufqkdifwJh ,Hk=unfpdwfcs&wJh owif;tcsuftvuf tusOf;&Hk;oHk;oyfcsufawGukd oufqkdif&m tpkd;&qDukd
vJ$ajymif;ay;tyfygw,f?
30

37. olu (oufqdkif&m) tpdk;&udk atmufygtwdkif; arWm&yfcHygw,f
· wdkif=um;csufawGudk pHkprf;ppfaq;ay;zkd@eJ@ tJ'Du&wJh oifhawmfwJhowif;tcsuftvufawGudk
ol@qDydk@ay;zdk@
· &mxl;/ XmeeJ@ tqifhukdr=unfhyJ ESdrfpufn‡if;yrf;r_twGuf tjypf&Sdolrsm;udk oifhawmfwJhta&;,lr_
awGvkyfzdk@ olwdk@udk&Hk;wifw&m;pJGqdkzkd@
· 'DvkdESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_rsdK; xyfray:aygufatmif umuG,fzkd@twGuf xda&mufwJh ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_
rsdK;awGvkyfzkd@
· EdkifiHwum pHE_ef;rsm;eJ@avsmfnDpGm (tESdyfpufcH) um,uH&SifeJ@ rdom;pkaqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm;udk
avsmfa=u;ay;zkd@
ta&;ay:t,lcHqkdif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu wOD;wa,muftzrf;cH&a=umif;eJ@ tJ'DwOD;wa,muf tESdyfpufcH&zkd@ pkd;&drf&wJh tajc
tae&Sdw,fvkd@ owif;tcsuftvuf&wdkif; ta&;ay:t,lcHwifEkdifygw,f? t,lcHv$mudk ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_
&yfwef@zkd@/ umuG,fzkd@ wduswJh&nf&G,fcsufeJ@twl tr_ay:rSmtm&Hkpkdufzkd@ oufqkdifwJhtpkd;&qDukd ykd@ay;
ygw,f? 'Dvkdtr_rsdK;awGrSm ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_jzpfwJh/ jzpf+yD;wJh wu,fhtaxmuftxm; rvdktyfygbl;? txl;
udk,fpm;vS,fuom wOD;wa,muftrSefwu,f xdef;odrf;cH&w,f/ ESdyfpufcH&zkd@ &Sdavmufw,fqdkwJh
,Hk=unf&avmufwJh tajccHtcsuftvufawG ygvm;qdkwmukd qHk;jzwfygw,f? ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;cH&r+a-umifh
aoqHk;r+rsm;udk w&m;0if&Hk;rwifyJ/ tusOf;&Hk; (okd‹) Oya'rJhuGyfrsufr+rsm;qkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu
ukdifwG,fygw,f?
tpkd;&rsm;qDrS ta-umif;jyef-um;csufrsm;eJ‹ tr+rsm;udktao;pdwf &Sif;vif;azmfjyjcif;
tpdk;&rsm;qDu jyef=um;csufrsm;udk qufvufaqmif&Guf taumiftxnfazmfzkd@twGuf tcsuftvuf
&if;jrpfrsm;udkazmfjyzkd@ awmif;cHygw,f? tawmif;cH&&if 'DqufoG,fta=umif;=um;csufeJ@qdkifwJh aqG;aEG;
csufawGay:rSm txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu ed*Hk;csKyfoHk;oyfr_wckðyvkyf+yD; oufqdkif&mtpkd;&awGqDukd t=uHðy
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ay;ykd@ygw,f?
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu vufeufukdiftzJG@tpnf;rsm;uusL;vGefwJh ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_tygt0if vl@tcGifhta&;
csdK;azmufr_awGudk oifhawmfwJhae&mrSm todtrSwfðyrSwfwrf;ðyxm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu
ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_ wkdif=um;csufawGudk tpdk;&rsm;/ EdkifiHwumvl@tcGifhta&; pHE_ef;rsm;eJ@udkufnDwJh wm0ef&Sdol
tm%mydkiftzJG@tpnf;rsm; qDukdom vJ$ajymif;ay;tyfygw,f?
31

38. ppfwrf;ar;cGef;yHkpHv$m
ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_qdkif&mtr_awGudk owif;ykd@wkdif=um;csufawGtwGuf tr_awGwkdif=um;wifjywm vG,ful
acsmarG@apzkd@ txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu (ukvor~ vl@tcGifhta&;r[mrif;=uD;&Hk; tifwmeuf pmrsufESm
(http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/7/b/torture/torquest.htm) ay:rSm&EdkifwJh) pHðyyHkpHwck jyifqif
xm;ygw,f?
taxGaxG
(2001) ukvor~taxGaxGnDvmcHudk wifoGif;wJh txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f&J@ =um;jzwftpD&ifcHpmxJrSm
w&m;0ifeJ@ w&m;r0if vGwf+idrf;uif;vGwfcGifhrsm;ukdtqHk;owfzkd@ t=uHðywdkufwGef;csuf 12 csuf yg0ifygw,f?
aumfr&SifukdwifwJh txl;udk,fpm;vS,f&J@ tpD&ifcHpmxJrSm jy±emESpfckukd wifjyxm;ygw,f?
yxrwcku ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_eJ@ tjcm;&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfwJh/ vlom;rqefwJh (okd@ ) ESdrfhcs qufqHr_ (okd@ )
jypf'%fay;r_rsm;rSumuG,fwm;qD;r_qdkif&m (ppfyJGumvtwGif;rSmawmif &kyfodrf;/ ajymif;vJ/ tcsdefqJG/ ESdrfhcs
r&EkdifwJhvl@tcGifhta&;rsm;yg0ifwJh) tcGifhta&;rsm;eJ@ 'kwd,wcku (txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f&nfrSef;wJh) ESdyfpuf
n‡if;yrf;r_eJ@ tjcm;&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfwJh/ vlom;rqefwJh (okd@ ) ESdrfhcsqufqHr_ (okd@ ) jypf'%fay;r_ rsm;udk
(tpdk;&rsm;eJ@ tJef*sDtkdrsm;qDrSvQH&&SdwJh pdwfcs,Hk=unf&avmufwJh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;t&) umuG,f
wm;qD;zkd@ &nf&G,fwJh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;xlaxmifr_eJ@ vufawG@toHk;ðyr_awG qef;ppfavhvma&;udk qufvkyfzkd@
jzpfygw,f?
32

39. bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifheJ‹ ,Hk-unfr+vGwfvyfcGifhqkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f
SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF
aumfr&SifqHk;jzwfcsuf 1986/20 t&csrSwfonf
vkyfykdifcGifhvJ$tyfr+rsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfyHkenf;pepf
bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifheJ@ ,Hk=unfr_vGwfvyfcGifhqdkif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f&J@ vkyfykdifcGifhu (1948) uBmh
vl@tcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf;/ eJ@ (1966) tjynfjynfqdkif&m EkdifiHa&;ESifh taxGaxG vlr_tcGifhta&;rsm;
qdkif&m oabmwlnDcsufay:rSm t"dutm;jzifh tajccHygw,f? uBmtESH@rSmjzpfyGm;wJh jy±emrsm;/ tpkd;&
rsm;&J@ ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_rsm;eJ@ (1981) bmoma&;eJ@ ,Hk=unfouf0ifr_udktajccHwJh ESdrfhcsqufqHr_eJ@
bmoma&;t& tpGef;a&mufwJh yHkpHtm;vHk;ukd z,f&Sm;&Sif;vif;a&; a=unmcsuftay: 0da&m"djzpfr_rsm;udk
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu pHkprf;ppfaq;+yD; 'Dtajctaersm;twGuf ðyjyifta&;,lr_rsm;udk wdkufwGef;t=uHðy
ygw,f?
bmoma&;eJ@ ,Hk=unfouf0ifr_udktajccHwJh ESdrfhcsqufqHr_eJ@ bmoma&;t& tpGef;a&mufwJh csdK;azmufwJh
yHkpHckepfrsdK;udk txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu trsdK;tpm;cJGjcm;owfrSwfay;ygw,f? tJ'gawGuawmh
bmoma&;eJ‹ ,H-k unfrqi&mudprsm;ay: ESrcszEyrrvkya&; pnf;rsO;rsm;udk csKd ;azmufjcif;rsm;
+ kd f P d hf d dS f + f f
Oya'vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awG/ rl0g'awG/ ESdrfhcscJGjcm;wJh vufawG@vkyfaqmifr_awGeJ@ (u) bmoma&;eJ@ ,Hk=unf
ouf0ifr_t& xl;jcm;wJhvl@tzJG@tpnf;awG (txl;ojzifh tJ'Dvl@tzJG@tpnf;awGu vlenf;pk (okd@ ) w&m;0if
jyXmef;xm;wJh bmoma&; (okd@ ) w&m;0iftodtrSwfðy xm;wJhbmoma&;udk rukd;uG,fwJhvlenf;pkeJ@ (c)
xHk;wrf;pOfvm/ bmoma&;t&eJ@ ,Hk=unfr_tay: tajccHwJh trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: qef@usifr_tay: qef@usif
wJh v_yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifr_awG
bmoma&;eJ‹ ,Hk-unfr+qdkif&mudpPrsm;ay: onf;cHa&; pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;
'gawGu EkdifiHeJ@vl@tzJG@tpnf;ay: bmoma&;t& tpGef;a&mufr_awG/ txl;ojzifh bmoma&;eJ@ ,Hk=unf
ouf0ifr_tay:/ tpkd;&r[kwfwJh EkdifiHa&;-bmoma&;tzJG@awGeJ@ oifhawmfqufpyfaewJh aqmif&Gufr_awG/
bmoma&;tpGef;a&muf0g'&J@ jy±emeJ@qufpyfaewJh txif&Sm;qHk; azmfjya=unmcsufawGtjyif bmoma&;
wif;rmr_udk wGef;tm;ay;0g'jzef@ay;aewJh owif;u¾tygt0if ta&;,laqmif&GufcsufawG/ rl0g'awG/
vufawG@vkyfaqmifcsufawG
33

40. awG;ac:r+qdkif&m/ ,Hk-unfcsufqkdif&m bmoma&;eJ‹ ,Hk-unfouf0ifr+qdkif&m
vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;
'gawGu rl0g'awG/ Oya'vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awG/ vufawG@udPawG/ ,Hk=unfr_qkdif&m&nfrSef;csuf pnf;rsOf;awGeJ@
xdyfwkdufjzpfaewJh ta&;,laqmif&GufcsufawGeJ@ wOD;csif;&J@ bmoma&;ukd;uG,fr_/ ,Hk=unfr_udk qufvuf
xdrf;odrf;cGifheJ@ ajymif;vJcGifhqdkif&m vGwfvyfcGifhawGjzpfygw,f?
wOD;csif;&J‹ bmoma&;eJ‹ ,Hk-unfr+qdkif&mudpPrsm;ay: (rnfonfhbmomudk;uG,f a-umif;)
a-unmykdifcGifhudk csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;
'DxrSm wOD;csif;&J@bmoma&;eJ@ ,Hk=unfr_qdkif&mudPrsm;tay: xdef;csKyfr_awG/ 0ifa&mufpGufzufr_awG/ wm;jrpf
J
[ef@wm;r_awGeJ@ uef@owfr_awG yg0ifwJhrl0g'awG/ Oya'eJ@ vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awG/ vufawG@udPawGeJ@ ta&;,l
aqmif&GufcsufawG yg0ifygw,f/
bmoma&;eJ‹ywfoufwJh ydkifqdkifr+rsm;tay: cef‹cJGykdifcGifhukd csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;
'gawGu (twif;tusyftodrf;cHxm;&wJh bmoma&;qdkif&m ykdifqkdifr_twGuf avsmfa=u;yHkpHt& r[kwfyJ)
bmoma&;ydkifqdkifr_twGuf pDrHaqmif&Gufr_qdkif&m vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdcdkufapwJh/ ukd;uG,f&mae&m (AvD/
bk&m;/ bk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;/ 0wfðyausmif;qDudk twm;tqD;awG/ ydwfyifcH&wmawG/ aemufvdkufukd;uG,fol
ta&twGufuef@owfcH&wmawG) oGm;EkdifcGifhukdjiif;y,fcH&wmawG/ udk;uG,f&m ae&mudk tcGeftaumuf
taumufcH&wmeJ@ 0wfðyudk;uG,f&mtaqmuftOD;awG/ ocõsKif;awG/ bmoma&;ausmif;awG zsufqD;cH&wm
awGtjyif (bmoma&;tvkyfawGtygt0if) bmoma&;qdkif&m ydkifqdkifr_awGudk odrf;,lwmawGyg0ifwJh
rl0g'awG/ vufawG@udPawGeJ@ ta&;,laqmif&GufcsufawGjzpfygw,f?
(bmoma&;acgif;aqmifawGeJ‹ opPm&SdolawG)&J‹ &kyfykdif;qkdif&m *k%foduQmeJ‹
usef;rma&;tay: csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;
'gawGu +cdrf;ajcmufr_awG/ (u|efðyr_/ t"Rðyusifhr_/ zrf;qD;r_eJ@ xdrf;odrf;xm;r_/ twif;tusyf tajctae
a=umifh aysmufqHk;oGm;r_awG/ ao'%ftjypfay;r_awG/ uGyfrsufjcif;eJ@ owfjzwfwmawGtygt0if) rw&m;
qufqHcH&wmawGtwGuf rl0g'awG/ vufawG@udPawGeJ@ ta&;,laqmif&GufcsufawG
trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: csdK;azmufr+rsm;
'gutxufazmfjyyg csdK;azmufr_trsdK;tpm;ajcmufck&J@ trsdK;orD;rsm;eJ@qdkifwJh wdusxl;jcm;wJh avsmufxm;
csufawGudk &nfn$ef;ygw,f?
34

41. tr+wckcsif;pDudk avhvmqef;ppfjcif;
tedrfhqHk;tajccHvdktyfcsufawGu atmufazmfjyygawGeJ@udkufnD&rSmjzpfygw,f
· wdkif=um;wifjycH um,uH&Sifrsm;&J@ (trnf/ ae&yfpojzifh) azmfjycsuf
· wdkif=um;wifjycH usL;vGefolrsm;&J@ (trnf/ ae&yfpojzifh) azmfjycsuf
· wdkif=um;wifjyr_ ðyvkkyfwJhtzJG@tpnf;awG/ woD;yk~vawG&J@ (trnf/ ae&yfpojzifh) azmfjycsuf
· csdK;azmufr_ jzpfyGm;cJhwJh jy±em&J@ aemufqufwJGtajctaersm;tay: tao;pdwf &Sif;vif;azmfjy
csufawG yg0ifygw,f?
taxGaxG
txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu aumfr&SifudkwifjywJh +yD;cJhwJhvuf&SdtpD&ifcHpmtjyif (pydefEkdifiHr'&pfòrd@rSm 2001
ckESpfu usif;ycJhwJh) bmoma&;eJ@ ,Hk=unfr_qdkif&m vGwfvyfcGifh/ onf;cHr_eJ@ cJGjcm;ESdrfhcsjcif;rðywJh qufqHa&;
pojzifheJ@ qufEG,fwJh ausmif;ynma&;qdkif&m EkdifiHwumtwdkifyifcHnDvmcH&J@ aemufqHk;taxmuftxm;
tcsuftvufudkvnf; yHhykd;ay;ygw,f? tpD&ifcHpmxJrSm bmoma&;eJ@ ,Hk=unfr_qdkif&m vGwfvyfcGifh/
bmoma&;t&eJ@ xHk;wrf;pOfvmt&ay:rlwnfwJh trsdK;orD;rsm; tajctaetay: avhvmoif=um;a&;
vJyg0ifygw,f? txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu ,Ofaus;r_awG/ xHk;wrf;pOfvmawGu trsdK;orD;rsm;&J@ tcGifhta&;
qdkif&mawGeJ@ wef;wl&Sdoifhw,fqkdwmudk tav;ay;xm;ygw,f? oifhawmfavsmufywfwJh ukvor~ vkyfief;
,œ&m;tm;vHk;u bmoma&;eJ@ xHk;wrf;pOfvmt& trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; epfemapr_udk wdkufzsufzkd@ tpDtpOf
wckukd csrSwfoifhw,fvkd@ txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu ol@&J@wkdufwGef; t=uHðycsufxJrSm xyfrHwifjyygw,f?
35

42. uav;oli,frsm;tm;a&mif;csjcif;/ uav;jynfhwefqmeJ‹ uav; npfnrf; "gwfyHk/ pmay/ AD'D,dk/
&kyf&Sif qdkif&mudpPrsm;twGuf txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f
SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE SALE OF CHILDREN, CHILD PROSTITUTION
AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY
aumfr&SifqHk;jzwfcsuf 1990/68 t& csrSwfqHk;jzwfonf
vkyfykdifcGifhvJ$tyfr_rsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfyHkenf;pepf
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f&J@vkyfydkifcGifhu uav;oli,frsm;tm;a&mif;csjcif;/ uav;jynfhwefqmeJ@ uav; npfnrf;
pmay/ "gwfyHk/ AD'D,dk/ &kyf&Sifrsm;&J@ jzpfyGm;yHktajccHtcsuftvufrsm;udk avhvmzkd@tjyif 'DvkdtvJGoHk;pm;r_
rsm;udk [ef@wm;zkd@twGuf wdkufwGef;t=uHðycsufrsm;ðyvkyfEkdif&ef &nf&G,fygw,f? txl;udk,fpm;vS,f&J@
vkyfydkifcGifhu uav;oli,frsm; txl;ojzifh (1989) uav;oli,frsm;tcGifhta&;qkdif&m nDvmcHeJ@
'g&J@ (a&G;cs,fcGifh&SdwJh/ vkyfcsifrSvkyfvkyfp&mvkdwJh) oabmwlnDcsuf pmcsKyftjzpf (ar 2000 ckESpfrSm pwif
csrSwf+yD; 2002 ZM0g&DrSm touf0ifwJh) uav;oli,frsm;a&mif;csjcif;/ uav;jynfhwefqmeJ@ uav;npfnrf;
pmay/ "gwfyHk/ AD'D,dk/ &kyf&Sif qdkif&m tjynfjynfqdkif&m vl@tcGifhta&; vkyfief;abmiftwGif; taumiftxnf
azmfygw,f?
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f&J@ vkyfief;wm0efawGu atmufygtr_awGrSm ta&;,laqmif&Gufzdk@jzpfygw,f
· uav;rsm;tm;a&mif;csjcif;/ uav;jynfhwefqmeJ@ uav;npfnrf; pmay/ "gwfyHk/ AD'D,dk/ &kyf&Sif
· rdbtkyfxdef;r_atmuf/ tzJG@tpnf;rsm;/ 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;/ ausmif;rSmxdef;odrf;xm;pOf pojzifh
w&m;0iftkyfxdef;olrsm; vufwGif; (odk@ ) uav;oli,ftm; tkyfxdef;ol rnfolrqdk. vufwGif;&SdpOf
uav;rsm;tm; vdifykdif;qkdif&m tvJGoHk;pm;ðyr_
· rnfonfh &nf&G,fcsuftwGufrqdk uav;ukeful;jcif;
· txufazmfjyyg rnfonfh usL;vGefr_rsm;rSmrqdk uav;oli,frsm; tœ&,ft=uD;tus,f&Sdaer_
t"dy`m,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;
atmufygt"d`m,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;u uav;oli,frsm;a&mif;csjcif;/ uav;jynfhwefqmeJ@ uav;npfnrf;
pmay/ "gwfyHk/ AD'D,dk/ &kyf&SifudPawGtwGufcsrSwfwJh (a&G;cs,fcGifh&SdwJh/ vkyfcsifrSvkyfvkyfp&mvkdwJh) pmcsKyf/
tydk'fcJG 2 t&csrSwfxm;wmjzpfygw,f?
· uav;a&mif;csr_rsm;-aiGa=u;twGufeJ@ tjcm;rnfonfh &nf&G,fcsuftwGufrqdk uav;oli,fu
rnfolwOD;csif; (okd@ ) tkyfpkrsm;&J@vJ$ajymif;cH&wJh rnfonfhvkyf&yfrqkd (uav;a&mif;csjcif;uul;oef;
36

43. a&mif;0,fjcif;qdkif&m tjrwfxkwfr_&nf&G,fcsufrsm;/ &mZ0wfr_qdkif&mvkyfief;awGtwGuf/ awmif;&rf;
jcif;twGuf/ vufeufukdifyËdyQrsm;twGuf/ t"Rvkyftm;twGuf/ tm;upm;twGuf/ arG;pm;jcif;
twGuf/ tdrfaxmifa&;twGuf/ olwkd@&J@cýmudk,f tpdwftydkif;rsm;twGufeJ@tjcm;aom &nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;twGuf toHk;cszkd@ ) yg0ifygw,f?
· uav;jynfhwefqm- aiGa=u;twGufeJ@ tjcm;rnfonfh&nf&G,fcsuftwGufrqdk uav;oli,ftm;
vdifykdif;qkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;twGuf toHk;csr_
· uav;npfnrf; pmay/ "gwfyHk/ AD'D,dk/ &kyf&Sif-rnfonfhenf;vrf;t& wifqufr_rsm;rqdk uav;oli,f
yg0ifywfoufaewJh trSefwu,f (okd@ ) [efjy vdifydkif;qdkif&m &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; vkyfaqmifr_rsm; (odk@ )
t"dutaeeJ@ vdifydkif;qdkif&mEd_;qGzdk@ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf uav;oli,f&J@ vdifykdif;qdkif&m tpdwf
tydkif;awGudkazmfjywJh rnfonfhwifqufjyojcif;rsm;rqdk
tr+wckcsif;pDudk avhvmqef;ppfjcif;
qufoG,faqmif&Gufcsuf (wdkifwef;zdk@twGuf) twGuf atmufygowif;tcsuftvufawG yg0if&rSm
jzpfygw,f?
· a,bl,s owif;tcsuftvuf?
vlb,fESpfa,muf yg0ifw,f/ a,muFsm;av; i,fi,fvm;/ vlydsKaygufvm;/ rdef;uav;i,fi,fvm;/
tysdKaygufvm;/ tr_jzpfyGm;cJhwJh wdkif;jynf&J@emrnfeJ@ usL;vGefcH um,uH&SifawG bmvlrsdK;vJqdkwJh
tcsufawG
· oufqdkifolrsm;&J@ ukdk,fa&;taxmuftxm;?
emrnftjynfhtpHk/ vdif/ arG;oU&mZf/ touf/ vlrsdK;/ (tqifajyr,fqdk&if) vlrsdK;pkaemufcH
tcsuftvuf
· wkdif=um;wJh csdK;azmufr_?
ae@pJG/ ae&m/ tcsdefeJ@ tr_oGm;tr_vm/ yg0ifusL;vGefolta&twGuf/ usL;vGefcHum,uH&Sifu
usL;vGefolukdodrod/ usL;vGefolbmvlrsdL;vJ/ tr_twGufwm0ef&Sdw,fvdk@,lq&olrsm; (tpkd;&eJ@
ywfoufol/ tpkd;&eJ@rywfoufol)? tr_twGufrsufjrifoufaoawG&Sdw,fqkd&if olwdk@emrnfawG/
touf/ usL;vGefcHum,uH&SifeJ@b,fvkdywfoufvJqdkwm&,feJ@ qufoG,fzkd@vdyfpmyg xnfhoGif; azmfjy
ay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ olwdk@u emrnfrazmfjyapcsifbl;qdk&if olwdk@uaqGrsdK;om;csif;awGvm;/ jzwfoGm;
jzwfvmawGvm; pojzifh qdkwmawGawmh azmfjyay;yg?
· um,uH&iu/ ol@rom;pku (ok@d ) ol@u,pm;aqmif&uay;olrnforqdu aqmif&ucwhJ tqifawG?
Sf d kd f G f l k G f hJ h
wdkif=um;csufudk oufqkdif&modk@ wifjy+yD;jyDvm; (okd@ ) rwif&ao;bl;vm;/ wifjy+yD;&if b,fwkef;uvJ/
b,foluwifwmvJ/ b,ftm%mydkifqD (odk@ ) b,fvkyfydkifcGifh&SdwJh tzJG@tpnf;ukdwifwmvJ/ tjcm;
tqifhawG aqmif&Gufr_&Sdr&Sd/ tm%mykdifawGuaqmif&Gufxm;wJhtqifhawG/ tm%mydkifawG pHkprf;
37

44. ppfaq;r_awG vkyfxm;rxm;/ vkyfxm;&if b,fvkdpHkprf;ppfaq;a&;trsdK;tpm;qdkwmeJ@ 'DpHkprf; ppfaq;r_
awG&J@wdk;wufr_eJ@ tajctaeudk azmfjyay;yg?
· wdkif=um;csufwifjyol&Jh udk,fa&;taxmuftxm;?
emrnf/ tqifhtwef; (woD;yk~v/ tzJG@tpnf;/ tJef*sDtdk/ tpdk;& pojzifh) qufoG,fEkdifwJh zkef;eHygwf
'grSr[kwf vdyfpm?
tr+rsm;udkudkifwG,fjcif;
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu tpkd;&awGudkjzpfcJhwJhtr_awG/ uav;awG&J@tcGifhta&;udk umuG,fay;Ekdifzkd@ tpdwf
tydkif;wcktjzpf ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_eJ@ wm;jrpfydwfyifr_awGvkdtyfwJh tajctaeawGtay: tm&Hkpkdufapzkd@
&nf&G,fcsufeJ@twl oufqkdif&mtpkd;&qDukd pmawGay;ykd@ygw,f? wdkif=um;csufawGtwGuf aqmif&Gufxm;wJh
pHkprf;ppfaq;r_ tao;pdwftcsuftvufawGukd wifjyyHhykd;ay;zkd@ txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu oufqdkif&mtpkd;&
awGudk wdkufwGef;ygw,f? wu,fvdk@ txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu ta=umif;jyefaqmif&GufcsufawGu auseyf
tm;&p&mr&Sdbl;vkd@ ,lq&if olu usL;vGefcHum,uH&SifqDu 'grSr[kwf tjcm;&if;jrpfawGu wqifh
aemufxyf owif;tcsuftvufawG&SmazGpkaqmif;ygw,f?
ta&;ay:t,lcHqkdif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;
txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu ta&;ay:t,lcHawGtay:rSm txl;ojzifh umuG,fwm;qD;zdk@ ta=umif;jycsufeJ@twl
ta&;,laqmif&GufEkdif+yD; 'Dt,lcHawGudk oufqkdif&mtpkd;&&Jh oufqkdif&m 0ef=uD;XmeawGqDukd wdkuf&dkuf
ay;ykd@Ekdifygw,f? txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fu wdkif=um;csufyg usL;vGefcH um,uH&SifawGeJ@ olwdk@&J@aqGrsdK;om;csif;
awGqDutjyif tjcm;owif;&if;jrpfrsm;qDu ckdifrmwJh owif;tcsuftvufawG&SmazGEdkifygw,f?
ppfwrf;ar;cGef;yHkpHv$m
txl;udk,fpm;vS,fqDukd owif;tcsuftvufwifjywdkifwef;csifolawGtoHk;ðyEkdifzdk@ owif;tcsuftvuf
yHkpHwckudk txl;udk,fpm;vS,f&J@ aumfr&SifqDwifwJh tpD&ifcHpm (UN document reference E/CN.
4/2002/88) rSm&Edkifygw,f?
taxGaxG
+yD;cJhwJhtpD&ifcHpmawGrSm uav;awGudk umuG,fay;&mrSm ta&;ygw,fvkd@,Hk=unf&wJh enf;vrf;awG
(w&m;Oya'pepf/ ynma&;/ owif;u¾eJ@ rdom;pkpojzifh) &J@tcef;u¾awGudk txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu
trsdK;tpm;cJG+yD;qef;ppfxm;ygw,f? txl;udk,fpm;vS,f&J@ tpD&ifcHpmawGu w&m;Oya'pepf/ owif;u¾/
ynma&;/ vlukeful;r_/ tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufr_eJ@ yk~dKvfa&;tajctaeawGyg0ifwJh t"dutaetxm;udk
tm&Hkpkdufxm;ygw,f? (2002) rSm aumfr&SifudkwifwJhtpD&ifcHpmxJrSm txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu uav;rsm;
tay: vdifykdif;qdkif&mtjrwfxkwfr_eJ@ HIV/AIDS ywfoufqufEG,fr_awGudk pOf;pm;oHk;oyfxm;+yD;
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45. (uav;oli,feJ@ t&G,fa&muf+yD;ol ESpfOD;pvHk; jynfhwefqmvkyfief;eJ@ywfouf&if ) uav;oli,frsm;u
t&G,fa&muf+yD; olrsm;xufydk+yD; (&kyfykdif;qkdif&m tm;enf;csuft&eJ@ udk,fhukdukd,f b,fvdkumuG,f&rvJ
qdkwJhA[kokweJ@ tawG@tñuH acgif;yg;r_awGa=umifh) Akdif;&yfpful;pufzkd@ tœ&m,fydkrsm;w,f qdkwmawG@&Sd
xm;ygw,f?
39