1. PLANT
TISSUES
BY LA NDLOVU
201208082

2. TISSUES
AG RO UP O F CLO SELY A
SSO CI TED CELLS
A
THA PERFO RMRELA
T
TED FUN O N A D
CTI S N
A SI I R I STRUCTURE.
RE MLA N

3. Shoot and Root Systems
Shoot system
- produces sugars by
photosynthesis
Shoot
System
- carries out reproduction
Root system
- anchors the plant
- penetrates the soil and
absorbs water and minerals
- stores food
Root
System

4. Shoot and root systems are interdependent
water &
minerals
sugar
SHOOT SYSTEM
ROOT SYSTEM

5. PLANT TISSUE
SYSTEMS
• Ground tissue
system
• Vascular tissue
system
• Dermal tissue
system
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR TISSUES
GROUND TISSUES
SHOOT SYSTEM
ROOT SYSTEM

6. PLANT TISSUES
 TISSUES IN PLANTS THAT DIVIDE
THROUGHOUT THEIR LIFE.
 PLANT TI
SSUES CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS:
 GROWING OR MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
 PERMANENT TISSUE
Permanent tissue
Meristematic tissue

7. MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
 The growth of plants occurs in certain specific regions.
 This is because the dividing tissue,
 Known as meristematic tissue
 Composed of actively dividing ceIIs, responsible for
the production of ceIIs.
 Capacity for division is restricted to certain parts of
the plant body called meristems
 Which are active throughout the life of the plant
body.

8. MERISTEMATIC TISSUES

9. MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
KINDS OF MERISTEMS:
• APICAL MERISTEMS – FOUND AT THE TIP OF STEMS &
ROOTS
• LATERAL MERISTEMS – A.K.A. CAMBIA
- FOUND ALONG THE SIDES OF ROOTS & STEMS
- INCREASE WIDTH OR DIAMETER OF STEMS & ROOTS
- TYPES: 1. VASCULAR CAMBIUM
2. CORK CAMBIUM
• INTERCALLARY MERISTEMS – FOUND AT THE BASES OF
YOUNG
LEAVES & INTERNODES
- RESPONSIBLE FOR FURTHER LENGTHENING OF
STEMS & LEAVES

10. PERMANENT TISSUES
 Tissues that attained their mature form and
perform pacific functions.

They stop dividing
Types:
• Simple permanent tissues
• Complex permanent tissues

11. DERMAL /SURFACE TISSUE
SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUES
- CONSIST ONLY OF ONE KIND OF CELLS
A. DERMAL /SURFACE TISSUE
- EXTERNAL TISSUES
- FORMS PROTECTIVE COVERING OF THE PLANT
BODY
A. EPIDERMIS
B. PERIDERM

12. PERMANENT TISSUES
• EPIDERMIS
- THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE PRIMARY
PLANT BODY
- COVERS THE LEAVES, FLORAL
PARTS, FRUITS, SEEDS,
TEMS AND ROOTS
- GENERALLY ONLY ONE LAYER THICK WITH
CUTICLE
- COMPOSED MOSTLY OF UNSPECIALIZED
CELLS, EITHER
PARENCHYMA AND/OR SCLERENCHYMA
- CONTAINS TRICHOMES, STOMATA, BUIIIFORM
CEIIS
(IN GRASSES)

13. STRUCTURE OF EPIDERMIS

14. Stomata
• STOMATA - PORES FOR GAS EXCHANGE
- PRESENT ON ONE OR BOTH SURFACES OF
LEAVES.

15. Cuticle
CUTICLE – LINES THE OUTER WAII OF THE
EPIDERMAL CEIIS
- MADE UP OF WAXY MATERIAL THAT
PROTECTS
PLANTS FROM DESICCATION
Cuticle
Layer of
the leaf

16. Trichomes
Trichomes – outgrowths of epidermal ceIIs

17. Periderm (Bark)
• PERIDERM (BARK) IS THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF
STEMS AND ROOTS OF WOODY PLANTS SUCH AS
TREES.

18. GROUND TISSUES
1. PARENCHYMA
- ARE THE GENERAL PURPOSE CEIIS OF PLANTS
- CELLS ARE ROUNDED IN SHAPE & HAVE
UNIFORMLY THIN
WALLS FOUND IN ALL PARTS
OF THE PLANTS.
- LIVING AT MATURITY, HAVE LARGE VACUOLES
- LOCATION IEAF, STEM (PITH), ROOTS, FRUITS
FUNCTIONS:
*BASIC METABOLIC FUNCTION (RESPIRATION,
PHOTOSYNTHESIS (CHIORENCHYMA IN LEAF) &
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS)
*STOR
AGE (POTATOES, FRUITS, & SEEDS)
*W
OUND HEALING AND REGENER
ATION

19. PARENCHYMA

20. COLLENCHYMA

21. SCLERENCHYMA
SCLERIDS
Right-hand illustration modified from: Weier,
Stocking & Barbour, 1974, Botany: An
Introduction to Plant Biology, 5th Ed.
FIBERS

22. Complex Permanent Tissues
VASCULAR TISSUES
SPECIALIZED FOR LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT
OF WATER
AND DISSOLVED
SUBSTANCES.
CONTAIN TRANSFER CEIIS, FIBERS IN ADDITION TO
PARENCHYMA AND CONDUCTING CEIIS.
LOCATION, THE VEINS IN IEAVES
TYPES:
1. XYLEM
2. PHLOEM

23. Xylem
XYLEM
GW XYIOS W/C MEANS “WOOD” TRANSPORTS WATER
AND DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS FROM THE ROOTS TO AII
PARTS OF A PLANT.
 DIRECTION OF TRANSPORT IS UPWARD.
THERE ATE TWO TYPES
• PRIMARY XYLEM – DIFFERENTIATES FROM PROCAMBIUM
IN THE APICAL MERISTEM & OCCURS THROUGHOUT THE
PRIMARY PLANT BODY.
• SECONDARY XYLEM – DIFFERENTIATES FROM VASCULAR
CAMBIUM & IS COMMONLY CALLED WOOD.

24. Xylem

25. Xylem
• XYLARY ELEMENTS – THE CONDUCTING CELLS IN
XYLEM
- 2 KINDS OF XYLARY ELEMENTS:
• TRACHEIDS – THE ONLY WATER
CONDUCTING CELLS
IN MOST
WOODY, NON FLOWERING PLANTS.
• VESSEL ELEMENTS – OCCUR IN SEVERAL
GROUPS OF
PLANTS, INCLUDING
ANGIOSPERM.
- BOTH ARE ELONGATED, DEAD AT MATURITY, LIGNIFIED
SECONDARY CELL WALLS.
Tracheids
Vessel elements

26. PhIoem
PHIOEM
- GREEK WORD PHLOIOS MEANING, “BARK”
- TRANSPORTS DISSOLVED ORGANIC / FOOD
MATERIALS FROM
THE IEAVES TO THE
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE PLANT
- GLUCOSE IN PHLOEM MOVES IN AII DIRECTIONS
TYPES
1. PRIMARY PHLOEM – DIFFERENTIATE FROM
PROCAMBIUM AND
EXTENDS THROUGHOUT THE
PRIMARY BODY OF THE PLANT.
2. SECONDARY PHLOEM – DIFFERENTIATES FROM THE
VASCULAR CAMBIUM AND CONSTITUTE THE INNER
LAYER OF THE BARK.

27. PhIoem
SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS
 MAIN CONDUCTING CEIIS OF PHLOEM
 ELONGATED AND NON-NUCLEATED

UNIFORMLY THIN WALLED WITH THE END WALLS
PERFORATED TO FROM THE SIEVE PLATE.
 SIEVE TUBE ELEMENT ARE ATTACHED END TO
END TO FORM THE SIEVE TUBE.

28. PhIoem

29. SIMPLE TISSUES –
CONSISTING OF ONE CELL
TYPE
THIN WALLED & ALIVE AT
MATURITY; OFTEN MULTIFACETED.
COLLENCHYMA – THICK WALLED & ALIVE AT
MATURITY
SCLERENCHYMA – THICK WALLED AND DEAD AT
MATURITY
• PARENCHYMA –
•
•
• SCLERIDS OR STONE CELLS –
•
CELLS AS LONG AS THEY
ARE WIDE
FIBERS – CELLS LONGER THAN THEY ARE WIDE
• EPIDERMIS – ALIVE AT MATURITY
• TRICHOMES – “PUBESCENCE” OR HAIRS ON EPIDERMIS
• ROOT HAIRS – TUBULAR EXTENSIONS OF EPIDERMAL CELLS

30. EPIDERMIS –
STOMA, TRICHOMES, &
ROOT HAIRS
http://www.ucd.ie/botany/Steer/hair/roothairs.html

31. COMPLEX TISSUE
• XYLEM – WATER CONDUCTING TISSUE;
PA
REN
CHYM , FI
A BERS, VESSELS A D/O R
N
TRA
CHEI
DS, A D RA CELLS.
N
Y
• PHLOEM FOOD CONDUCTING TISSUE; SI
EVETUBE M BERS (N N
EM
O UCLEUS A M TURI
T A
TY,
CYTO PLA
SMPRESEN CO M N O N CELLS,
T),
PA I
FI
BERS, PA
REN
CHYM , A D RA CELLS. I
A N
Y
N
FLO WERI G PLA TS, SI
N
N
EVE-TUBE M BERS
EM
A D CO M N O N CELLS A SE FRO MTHE
N
PA I
RI
SA E M THER CELL.
M O
• PERIDERM – PROTECTIVE COVERING;
CO M S ED O F CO RK A D PA
PO
N
REN
CHYM .
A
•.

32. XYLEM

33. PHLOEM

34. VASCULAR BUNDLES WITH
XYLEM & PHLOEM
Maize or Corn – vein in cross
section
Alfalfa – vein in cross section

35. REFFERENCE
•WWW.ITUTOR.COM
• GEONYZL, (2011)

36. THANK YOU