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ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration
1. Unit 4: Energy Flow
ATP, Photosynthesis, and
Cellular Respiration
2. Energy – What is it?
The
ability to do work
Energy can not be created or destroyed
– Energy is TRANSFORMED
Forms
of energy
– Light, electric, chemical
Chemical
energy is stored in the
electrons of chemical bonds
3. Biochemical Energy
Cells store and release energy using the
chemical ATP
– Adenosine triphosphate
ATP is the “energy currency” of the cell
– MANY cellular processes use ATP
Cells release energy by breaking a phosphate
bond
7. Light and Pigments
Light travels in waves
Colors have different wavelengths
“White” light is a mixture of all colors in the
visible spectrum
Red – longest wavelength, lowest energy
8. Light and Pigments
Plant pigments absorb sunlight
Chlorophyll – green pigment needed for
photosynthesis
– Reflects green light
– Absorbs other light
10. Electron Carriers
Light
energy “excites” electrons in
chlorophyll
High energy electrons need special
carriers
– ie: NADP+ and NAD+
11. Light-Dependent Rxn
Chlorophyll absorbs light, and electrons
become energized
Water splits to produce H+ and O2
Electron loses energy to form ATP
– ATP goes to Calvin Cycle
H+ and NADP forms
NADPH
– Carries energy to
Calvin Cycle
(Light Independent Rxn)
13. Light-Independent Rxn
(Calvin Cycle)
CO2
is added to a 5 carbon sugar
Energy
from NADPH & ATP are used to
carry out reactions
Produces sugar
(glucose)
19. Biochemical Energy
Cells store and release energy using ATP
– Adenosine triphosphate
ATP is the “energy currency” of the cell
Cells release energy by breaking a phosphate bond
21. Cellular Respiration
Energy from glucose is
released
– In the presence of O2
– Energy is stored in ATP
– CO2 is a byproduct
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + water + ATP
22. Overview of Cellular Respiration
3 Stages
– Glycolysis
– Krebs Cycle
– Electron Transport Chain
23. Glycolysis
In the cytoplasm
Glucose breaks into 2 molecules of pyruvic
acid (3C)
Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP
– Net gain of 2 ATP
2 NADH produced
Pyruvic acid is used
for respiration OR
fermentation
24. Krebs Cycle
In the mitochondria
Pyruvic acid breaks down
Series of 9 rxns which
produce:
– CO2
– FADH2 and NADH
– 2 ATP
FADH2 and NADH go on
to the ETC to….
– MAKE MORE ATP!!!!
25. Electron Transport Chain
Occurs in mitochondria
Uses high energy
electrons from FADH2
and NADH to make ATP
O2 accepts the final
electron forming H2O