A tutorial covering the different types ways in which plants reproduce

1. Sexual Reproduction in
Plants
Learning Goals:
To identify the parts of a flower.
To understand the function of each of the
parts of a flower in sexual reproduction.

3. Plant Life Cycle
Pollen
Plant - flower
+
Pollination
Ovules
Fertilisation
Germination
Seed Formation
Dispersal

4. Plant Life Cycle
Pollen
Plant - flower
+
Pollination
Ovules
Fertilisation
Germination
Seed Formation
Dispersal

5. ♁
Parts of a Flower
STYLE
PISTIL
♂

6. Parts of a Flower
STYLE
Petals: Modified leaves
that attract pollinators
♂
Stamens: the male parts of the
flower – they are made of the
anther and the filament. The
anther makes the pollen.
Pistil: the female part - made of
the stigma, style and ovary. In
the ovary are ovules which have
the female egg cell.
♁

7. Flowers come in many shapes, colours and sizes. They are usually
specially adapted to particular types of pollination.

8. Pollination
Pollination: the transfer
of pollen from the
anther to the sticky
stigma by wind,
animals/insects or
water.

9. Pollination
Cross pollination: when pollen
goes from one plant to another
of the same type. This results
in stronger plants.
Self pollination: where the
pollen goes from the anther
to the stigma of the same
plant. This can result in a
genetically weaker plant

10. Most Common Types of
Pollination

11. Fertilisation
Once pollination has
occurred, the nucleus
of the male sex cell
(pollen) moves down
the pollen tube to the
female sex cell (egg) in
the ovary
Fertilisation: when the
nucleus of the male
sex cell fuses with the
nucleus of the female
sex cell and becomes a
seed

13. Australian Honey
Possum
The Australian honey
possum is one of the
only mammal species,
other than bats,
known to eat nectar
and pollen as the
mainstay of its diet.

14. Brazilian Birthwort
The Brazilian birthwort uses insects as
pollinators. The putrid odor of this
species—like that of rotting flesh—
especially attracts flies, which enter
the plant and become trapped overnight.
While they are trapped, they become
completely dusted with pollen. They
escape the following day as the plant
withers and are attracted to other
Brazilian birthworts, which they then
inadvertently pollinate as they enter
and again become trapped.

15. Worker Honey Bee in the Field
As they fly from flower to flower, worker
honey bees collect pollen grains and pack
them onto their hind legs in special hairfringed pockets known as pollen baskets
(shown here holding a glob of yellow pollen
on the hind leg). Nectar, the sweet liquid
produced by flowers, is sucked into the
honey stomach, an internal storage sac. In
the hive, field bees deposit their pollen
pellets into empty storage cells of the
comb and regurgitate nectar to waiting hive
bees. The hive bees mix some nectar with
the pollen to make bee bread, a spoilageproof larval food, and gradually concentrate
the rest of the nectar into honey by
dehydration.

16. Butterfly Pollinating a
Flower
Many species of butterflies eat
plant nectar. When these
butterflies land on a series of
flowers in search of food, they
brush their bodies against both
male and female floral organs,
inadvertently transferring pollen
from one flower to another.

18. Lawson Cypress
Branch
The Lawson cypress, like
all other coniferous trees,
is wind pollinated. The
tiny male “flowers” are
located at the ends of the
small branchlets, where
the wind can easily pick
up and distribute their
pollen.

24. Rose Hip
When rose hips become ripe, they
change in color from green to red.
Attracted by the red color, both birds
and other mammals eat the rose hips
as a part of their diet. The individual
seeds of the rose hip have a tough
outer skin that allows them to pass
through the digestive tract of an animal
undigested, ensuring successful wideranging dispersal.
Dorling Kindersley
"Rose Hip," Microsoft® Encarta® 97
Encyclopedia. © 1993-1996 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved.

26. Lesser Burdock Plant
The lesser burdock plant has a fruit that is encased in a burr covered with
hooks. These hooks enable the burr to easily attach to the fur of passing
animals, which ensures wide-ranging dispersal of the seeds.

29. DINGBATS – SAY WHAT YOU
SEE
Reproduction in plants

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