This is my final year project's preliminary documentation.

1. Tran - Duino
A Tran­Duino is an wireless IP device that will be used in Transport Buses which performs
the following
● Tracks the location of a running route bus.
● Displays the upcoming bus stop name or stage name prior to passengers in the bus.
● Displays localised context information such as advertisements based on the location through
which the bus currently travels.
● Updates the current location of the bus to the server in case of bus brakedown or other
problems and information regarding it is reported to the mechanic of the Bus depot
immediately.

2. The project will be available in two possible versions
OFF­LINE Version:
The GPS position values of all the possible routes and the intermediate stop names
are stored in SDRAM card.
Synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) is dynamic random
access memory that has a synchronous interface.
DRAM has an asynchronous interface, which means that it responds as quickly as
possible to changes in control inputs. SDRAM has a synchronous interface, meaning that it waits for
a clock signal before responding to control inputs and is therefore synchronized with the computer's
system bus. The clock is used to drive an internal finite state machine that pipelines incoming
instructions.
SDRAM is widely used in computers, further generations of DDR (or DDR1) and
then DDR2 and DDR3 have entered the mass market, with DDR4 currently being designed.
Eventually the specific localised advertisements are also stored in the card and is
displayed on the LED Display based on the GPS position values.
ON­LINE Version:
This version of Tran­Duino makes use of Wi­Fi (Wireless) Technology and
communicates to the server by sending the appropriate GPS positions to the server.
Wireless Fidelity:
Wi­Fi is a trademark of the Wi­Fi Alliance that may be used with certified products that
belong to a class of wireless local area network (WLAN) devices based on the IEEE 802.11
standards. this term is often used as a synonym for IEEE 802.11 technology.
The Wi­Fi Alliance is a global, non­profit association of companies that promotes WLAN
technology and certifies products if they conform to certain standards of interoperability.
Today, IEEE 802.11 device is installed in many personal computers, video game consoles,
smartphones, printers, and other peripherals, and virtually all laptop or palm­sized computers.
The server , based on these values , can track the upcoming bus stop names and the
localised advertisements and replies it back to the Tran­Duino.
The WiFi technology is useful in updating the event machine about the current
location of the bus. Tran­Duino displays the obtained values on the LED Display.

3. The Tran­Duino makes use of GPS Technology for achieving the tasks in both the versions.
GPS:
Global Positioning System is a navigational system involving satellites and computers that
can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by computing the time difference for
signals from different satellites to reach the receiver.
GPS receivers are now integrated in many mobile phones. GPS is a U.S. space­based global
navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to
worldwide users on a continuous basis in all weather, day and night, anywhere on or near the Earth.
GPS is made up of three parts:
between 24 and 32 satellites in Medium Earth Orbit
Four control and monitoring stations on Earth
and The actual navigation devices users own.
GPS satellites broadcast signals from space that GPS receivers use to provide three­
dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) plus the time.
GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation worldwide, and a useful tool for map­
making, land surveying, commerce, scientific uses, tracking and surveillance, and hobbies such as
geocaching and waymarking, scientific study of earthquakes and as a time synchronization source
for cellular network protocols.
GPS has become a mainstay of transportation systems worldwide, providing navigation for
aviation, ground, and maritime operations. Disaster relief and emergency services depend upon GPS
for location and timing capabilities in their life­saving missions. The accurate timing that GPS
provides facilitates everyday activities such as banking, mobile phone operations, and even the
control of power grids. Farmers, surveyors, geologists and countless others perform their work more
efficiently, safely, economically, and accurately using the free and open GPS signals.
The GPS Arduino is fixed on the Bus and it returns the Latitudional and Longitudional
position of the Bus. These data are fed into the Arduino board and verified. Then these informations
are sent to the EventMachine Server and the data to be displayed over the LED display in the Bus.
INITIAL SETTINGS:
The Normal­Size LED Display is fixed in the Bus in position such that it is visible to all the
passengers travelling on the Bus.
The display is sandwiched to the GPS device , a SD Card [in case of off­line version], the
Wi­Fi device[in case of on­line] and the Arduino Board.

4. PRINCIPLE OF WORKING:
FUNCTIONING OF Tran­Duino (OFF­LINE) :
The Tran­Duino makes use of the SD Ram card sandwiched with Arduino to display the bus
stop names and localized advertisements.
The steps are as follows
1.Initially all the details like the upcoming bus stop names, the GPS positions of these stops and
the localised advertisements are stored in the SD Card and is fixed with Arduino in the Bus
The Functioning is depicted on the following figure.
2
3
4
5
1

5. 2.The Bus as it progresses , its GPS position values are recorded by the GPS Arduino by using the
GPS satellite.
3.Then the recorded values are compared with the priorily stored GPS values in the SD card.
4.If the values matches, the corresponding results either the upcoming Bus stop names or the
localised advertisements are displayed on the LED Display.
FUNCTIONING OF Tran­Duino (ON­LINE) :
The working of Tran­Duino involves the following three stages
Stage 1:
The Arduino is fed with GPS value of the initial bus stop name from the Event Machine and
is displayed on the LED Display.
What is EventMachine?
EventMachine is a library for Ruby, C++, and Java programs. It provides event­driven I/O using
the Reactor pattern. EventMachine is designed to simultaneously meet two key needs:
• •.Extremely high scalability, performance and stability for the most demanding
production environments; and
• •.An API that eliminates the complexities of high­performance threaded network
programming, allowing engineers to concentrate on their application logic.
This unique combination makes EventMachine a premier choice for designers of critical
networked applications, including web servers and proxies, email and IM production systems,
authentication/authorization processors, and many more.
Ref: http://rubyeventmachine.com/
The Bus as it moves , its location or position is tracked through GPS every minute.
the LED Display displays the upcoming bus stop name that is stored and is retrieved from
the Event machine based on the GPS value.
When the Bus is nearing a Bus stop, the GPS position range is matched with the already
stored GPS range on the Event machine and if it is matched , then the upcoming Bus stop
information is received from the Event machine server and displayed on the Display.
The following Figure Depicts the process of GPS arduino facility

6. 2
3
4
1

7. LEGEND for Figure 1:
1­ GPS and Arduino facility is fixed on the BUS along with the LED Display
2­ GPS is tracked by the GPS Satellite
3­ The GPS Satellite returns the latitude and longitude positions of the tracked GPS device.
4­ The GPS arduino displays the upcoming stop name by matching the GPS value from the
Event machine
STAGE 2:
The Arduino also makes use of Wireless Connectivity to communicate with the remote
server through the Event machine.
The main purpose of Wi­Fi is to store and retrieve the upcoming bus stops and also the
advertisements that are available in the Server .
The Wi­Fi is fixed along with the Arduino and it retrieves the informations that are needed
from the GPS device.
When a Bus enters a location , the GPS values from the GPS device are retrieved and sent to
the Event machine server through the Wi­Fi device and the server gives the appropriate
advertisements to be displayed on the LED Display to the Wi­Fi device.
The advertisements are retrieved based on the area where the Bus enters. The advertisements
are stored in the Event machine server in a classified manner such that the particular advertisment
is displayed when the Bus is running through that unique area or location.
The advertisements and the upcoming stop names are displayed in an organised manner,
such that they dont collide with each other. The advertisements are displayed only when a Bus
travels in the region between two stops.
When the Bus progresses to the stop, the displayed advertisement is automatically cleared
and is replcaed by the stop name that the Bus is about to reach.
The Functioning of Wi­Fi and the Arduino is depicted using the following figures

8. SERVER
2 3
EVENT
MACHINE
1 4
5

9. LEGEND of the above Figure:
1­ Wi­Fi device locates the Event machine Server wirelessly from the Bus and sends theGPS
values to it
2­ The Event machine communicates with the server
3­ The server , based on the values from event machine, sends back the appropriate values
like the upcoming stop and also the area based advertisements to the event machine.
4­ The response from the server is sent back to the Wi­Fi device
5­ The arduino displays the retrieved information on the LED Display
OVER ALL FUNCTIONING OF Tran­Duino (ON­LINE) :
Initially The Arduino is sandwiched with the Wi­Fi Device , The GPS device and the LED
Display is fixed on the Bus.
The LED display is placed inside the Bus such that it is visible to all the passengers in the
bus. If needed two or more displays are placed in the Bus.
All the Displays provide the same information that are provided by the Arduino.
The Bus starts from the origin place and progresses. Then the following steps are performed.
[ these steps are depicted on the figure present below ]
•The GPS position for the moving Bus is tracked by the GPS satellite by making using of the GPS
device and Arduino.
•The GPS satellite gives back the exact position of the Bus and the values back to the GPS device
enabled Arduino.
•The Current and the upcoming Bus stop is displayed on the LED display and the GPS values are
stored in the arduino.
•The Arduino then sends these values to the Wi­Fi device and obtains the appropriate stop names
and also advertisements
•The GPS values are sent to the sever through the Event machine by Wi­Fi device. The Server
contains the area,the latitude and longitude ranges, stop names and area based advertisements in an
organised manner.

10.
SERVER
EVENT
MACHINE
2
1
5
6
4
3
7

11. •The Server uses the GPS values of the Event machine and retrieves the appropriate values and
sends them back to the Wi­Fi device on the Bus.
•The Arduino displays the appropriate bus stop names and the area based advertisements according
to the GPS values from the Wi­Fi device.The data are displayed in a sequence such that both of
these data do not collide with each other.
The Advertisement is displayed only between the intermediate gap between the stops and is
automatically replaced by the stop names when the upcoming bus stop's GPS values are matched
from the server.
ADVANTAGES:
1.passengers can know easily the next stop names even if they do not know the area or location.
2.The Bus progress can be identified By GPS and the Bus status can be updated in each of the Bus
stands about the details of the next bus and its arrival time to the passengers waiting in that bus
stand.
3.If the Bus brakesdown on the way or any other problem occurs on the Bus, it can be tracked easily
and the immediate actions can be taken.
4.The passengers can also plan their daily schedule even when they are standing in the Bus stand or
while during travelling in the bus.
5.The passengers who are unaware of the city routes can also easily use this service and reach their
destination.
The only DISADVANTAGE of both the versions of Tran­Duino is that it lacks GPS
functionality during rainy days.
Hardware Requirements:
•Arduino Board
•Wi­Fi device [on­line vaersion]
•SD card [off­line version]
•GPS data logger
•LCD Display device(s)
•Wires and Fixtures
Software Requirements:
C , Ruby , Mysql.

12. Enhancements:
The Tran­Duino, when enhanced, can update the current location of the bus to the server,
which helps us in displaying the approximate bus arrival time to that stop, using the already
available LED displays.
When enhanced the results would be as follows
CURRENT STATUS:

13. Tran­Duino Enhanced Version
The Tran­Duino can also be enhanced with embedding audio playback that speaks out the
upcoming stop names
The further more enhancement is producing the same display in multiple LCD Displays with
in the Same Bus.