Cisco vnp workshop 16-17 april v1-0

1. IP/MPLS Network for Mobile Operators
Truong Le (truole@cisco.com)
16 - 17 April 2013
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
1

2. • Introduction to IP NGN
• Introduction to Mobile Packet Core
• Introduction to IP RAN
• Networking Industry Organizations and Standards that
Support Network Operations
• Q&A
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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3. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
3

4. Traditional Service
Provider Networks and
Services
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
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5. Ticketing
NMS
SCPs
NOC
STPs
STPs
STPs
SS7 TDM Signaling
Network
STPs
Class 5
Switch
Class 5
Switch
Class 4 /
Tandem
Class 5
Switch
Bearer Network Components
Subscribers
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Class 4 /
Tandem
Class 5
Switch
Circuit-Switched
TDM Network
Signaling Network Components
Class 4/5
Switch
STP
SCP
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5

6. Digital T1/E1/DDS
Transport Services
DDS
DSU
DDS
DSU
Terminal
T3/E3/Sonet/SDH
Central
Mainframe / FEP
CSU
T1/E1
T1/E1
MUXs
CSU
MUXs
T1/E1
Ticketing
NMS
Terminals
Modem
ISDN
Services
NOC
Analog Leased Lines
and Dial-up (switched)
PSTN
Switches
Modem
Data Network Access/Transport Components
CSU/DSU
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Modem
MUX (cross connects)
Terminal
Digital Data (I/O) Components
FEP
Terminals
PBX
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7. Ticketing
NMS
Ticketing
NOC
NMS
DTE
LCNs
DTE
PC
X.25
Switch
NOC
VPIs/VCIs
DTE
X.25
Switch
X.25 Networks
DTE
Ticketing
FR Switch
FR
Switch
Frame Relay Networks
PC
NMS
NOC
DTE
DTE
ATM
Switch
ATM
Switch
ATM Networks
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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7

8. SS7 TDM Signaling
Network
SCPs
MSC
STPs
Ticketing
STPs
NMS
BS
NOC
Class 5
Switch
MSC
BS
Ticketing
NMS
Cellular Access
Network
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
BS
Switch
NOC
Cellular Network Components
Subscribers
Circuit-Switched TDM
Network
Class 5
MSC
PSTN Network Components
Class 4/5
Switch
STP
SCP
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8

9. Video
Subscribers
Remote
Head End
Office Head
End
COAX
Network
CMTS
(Docsis)
Fiber Network
Ticketing
NMS
NOC
CMTS
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
COAX
Network
Video
Subscribers
Cisco Confidential
9

10. LAN
LAN
Ethernet
Interfaces
HDLC, PPP, FR, X.25, ATM
Serial Interface
Ticketing
NMS
WAN
NOC
WAN Service Adapters:
DSU, CSU, PAD, TA
L2 HUB
L2 Switch
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
L3 Router
Cisco Confidential
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11. Broadband Access Services
Internet Access
Services
DNS
Browsing
Email
Ticketing
Analog
NMS
NOC
DSL
HFC
DOCSIS
Transport Services
CPE
Modems
Access
Gateway
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DSL
Gateway
Broadband
Router
Core
Router
TDM
Switches
Optical
Switches
ATM
Switches
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11

12. QoS-Enabled IP Networks
H323 Voice Network
Gatekeeper
Ticketing
RAS Signaling
NMS
H323
Gateway
IP Network
Ticketing
NMS
NOC
SIP Signaling
NOC
RTP Voice
IP Network
Cisco Unified Communications Voice Network
SIP/Skinny Signaling
RTP Voice
Ticketing
SIP Voice Network
IP Network
NMS
NOC
RTP Voice
H323 Voice
Gateway
H323
Gatekeeper
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
IP PBX
IP Phone
(Call Manager)
IP Telephony
Router
SIP Enabled
Devices
SIP ATA
SIP
Servers
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12

13. Era of Evolution
Era of Divergence
Data
Voice
Era of Convergence
Converged
Network
(NGN)
Video
Time
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14. • The revolution began with the recognition that the divergence era is
unsupportable:
•
Duplication of infrastructure
•
Duplication of support (NOC)
• During this period, traffic types and characteristics have been
examined and new solutions to the divergence problem have evolved:
•
DQDB
•
SMDS
•
ATM
•
IP (with QoS)
• IP is generally accepted as the network-convergence technique of
choice.
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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15. Next Generation
Networks Defined
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16. New multimedia services
APPLICATION CONVERGENCE
Integrated data, voice, and video
Increased revenue
Customer loyalty
Explosion of Internet traffic
SERVICE
CONTROL CONVERGENCE
New business models
Service continuity
More effective network management
Single infrastructure
Cutting-edge technology
NETWORK CONVERGENCE
Scalability and faster rollout
Higher resiliency
Reduce OpEx/CapEx
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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17. • Multiple Interworked
Networks:
• Converged Core:
Mostly connectionless
Often connection oriented
IP/MPLS aware end-to-end
End-to-end provisioning
Reduced provision replication
Scalability issues
Highly scalable
CapEx intensive
More CapEx and OpEx efficient
Less OpEx efficient
Ethernet
MPLS
ATM
TDM
Core
Frame Relay
Internet
DSL
Access
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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18. An NGN is:
• A packet-based network able to provide telecommunication services,
and able to make use of multiple broadband and QoS-enabled transport
technologies, in which service-related functions are independent from
underlying transport-related technologies.
• The NGN offers unfettered access for users to networks and to
competing service providers and/or services of their choice and supports
generalized mobility that will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of
services to users.
• Characteristics:
NGN is an IP-based network
NGN enables any IP access from mobile, home, and/or enterprise domains
NGN enables service mobility
NGN enables interworking toward circuit-switched voice
NGN maintains service operator control
Source: ITU (http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com13/ngn2004/working_definition.html)
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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19. • ITU-T NGN FG: International Telecommunication Union (Telecom), Next
Generation Networks Focus Group
• ATIS NGN FG: Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, Next
Generation Networks Focus Group
North American-based body that is committed to developing and promoting technical
and operations standards for the telecommunications industry worldwide, using a flexible
and open approach
• ETSI TISPAN: European Telecommunications Standards Institute,
Telecoms & Internet converged Services & Protocols for Advanced
Networks
ETSI is an independent, nonprofit organization whose mission is to produce
telecommunications standards for today and for the future.
• 3GPP: Third Generation Partnership Project
3GPP created the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS).
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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20. ETSI
TISPAN
Fixed
Access to IMS
3GPP
CableLabs
WiMAX
Forum
IMS
Cable
Access to IMS
Broadband Wireless
Access to IMS
3GPP
3GPP2
Mobile
Access to IMS
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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20

21. Cellular
IMS
Services
(SIP MM)
DSL
Service
Provider
Network
Fixed
Wireless
Internet
(Web, P2P)
Cable
Enterprise
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3rd Party
Hosted Apps
Cisco Confidential
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22. NGN: Integrated Access,
Video, and Mobility
Services
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23. Core
Aggregation
Access
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24. Portal
Monitoring Billing
Subscriber
Address
Identity
Data
Mgmt
Policy
Mgmt
STB
Residential
DSLAM
BRAS
Business
MPLS
Core
Residential
Aggregation
CMTS
HFC
Internet Peering
Points
Access
STB
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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25. Portal
Monitoring Billing
Video
Switching
Office
Subscriber
Address
Identity
Data
Mgmt
Policy
Mgmt
Video Headend
Office
TV
Super
Head
End
VoD
Servers
DSLAM
TV
Streamer
Content
Acquirer
Cable/DSL
Fiber
Transport
MPLS
Core
Vault
Mobile
Wireless
Metro E/ FTTx)
Internet
Streamer
Aggregation
Distribution
Edge
Routers
Internet Peering
Points
PC
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Access
Cisco Confidential
25

26. Portal
Monitoring Billing
SS7
Residential
Services
Subscriber
Address
Identity
Data
Mgmt
Policy
Mgmt
External Service
Provider Networks
Femto
RAN
Aggregation
Broadband
Wireless Laptop
UMTS / HSPA
Applications
Partners
MPLS
Core
WiMAX
Base station
Broadband
Wireless Mobile
Aggregation
SMB /
Enterprise
Services
Wi-Fi
Hotspots /
Mesh
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Border
Routing /
SBC
Internet Peering
Points
Access
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27. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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28. Home Location Service Control
Register (HLR) Point (SCP)
There was wireless ISDN (aka GSM)
Mobile
Station
Base Transceiver
System (BTS)
Base Station
Controller
(BSC)
Mobile Switching Center +
Visitor Location Register
(MSC/VLR)
• Voice oriented architecture
• Re-define fixed wireline services (e.g. SS and IN)
• SMS is a signalling transport rather than a data service
• Network transport based on TDM
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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29. • One burst of every TDMA frame was sufficient to transport a speech frame
with source rate of 13 kbit/s
• GSM Phase 2 (circa 1996) added Circuit Switched Data support offering 9.6
kbit/s service
• High Speed CSD consisted in aggregating multiple timeslot for a single user
but resource intensive
Modem Interworking Function (IWF)
Modified V.110
3.1 kHz audio
or
V110 64k UDI
BSC
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
MSC
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30. BTS
BSC
Gateway MSC
MSC/VLR
IP
Packet Control
Unit (PCU)
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)
Gateway
GPRS
Support Node
(GGSN)
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31. BTS
Gateway MSC
MSC/VLR
BSC
IP
Packet Control
Unit (PCU)
Gateway
GPRS
Support Node
(GGSN)
Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)
IP
IP
Relay
SNDCP
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM
Radio
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GTP
LLC
Relay
GTP
UDP
UDP
RLC
Relay
GSM
Radio
64 kbps
BSSGP
BSSGP
IP
IP
MAC
Nw Services
Nw Services
L2
L2
L1bis
L1bis
64 kbps
L1
L1
Cisco Confidential
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32. • Round Trip Times 700ms and 1000ms
• Packet transfer interruption times between 2 and 8
seconds following a cell reselection and between 8s and
20s when the cell reselection triggers a routing area
update
• Application throughput up to 40 kbps using a handset
capable of receiving 4 timeslots
 Unable to reliably transport real time IP traffic
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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33. • First step towards an all IP network
• New radio designed to accommodate greater packet throughput (up
to 2Mbits/s initially… In reality, can support up to 384 kbit/s)
• Core network remains largely unchanged from 2.5G
• Migration to ATM for Radio Access Transport
• More control into the RNC
3G MSC
PSTN
ATM/AAL2
ATM/AAL5
3G RNC
Node B
IP
3G SGSN
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSN
Cisco Confidential
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34. Iu-ps
NodeB
Radio Network
Controller (RNC)
Gn/Gp
3G SGSN
GGSN
IP
IP
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
Frame
Protocol
MAC
IP
IP
IP
IP
AAL2
AAL2
AAL5
AAL5
L2
L2
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
L1
L1
MAC
WCDMA
Radio
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
WCDM
A Radio
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35. HLR
MSC-s
MSC-s
Iu-cs
IP
MGW
MGW
• Still Voice over CS bearer on the radio access, data bearer
not suitable (latency, overhead)
• Option to transport Voice over IP in the Core (see TS 23.205)
• Introduction of SS7oIP transport
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36. HLR
MSC-s
MSC-s
Iu-cs
IP
RTP
Iu-UP
IP
INAP
H.248
TCAP
SCCP
UDP
AAL2
BICC or SIP-T
Nb-UP
ATM
L1/2
MAP
MGW
MGW
M3UA
SCTP
IP
L1/2
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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37. Iu-ps
Gn
Drift RNC
Serving RNC
Node B
3G SGSN
IP
GGSN
IP
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
MAC
MAC
IP
IP
IP
IP
AAL5/ATM
L2
L2
L1
L1
MACHS
WCDMA
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
MACHS
Frame
Protocol
FP
FP
AAL2/ATM
AAL
2
AAL
2
L1
L1
WCDMA L1
Frame
Protocol
AAL2/ATM AAL5/ATM
L1
L1
L1
Cisco Confidential
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38. HSDPA Removes Drift RNC and
adds intelligence to the Node B
Iu-ps
Node B
Serving RNC
Gn
3G SGSN
IP
GGSN
IP
PDCP
PDCP
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
MACHS
WCDMA
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
MACHS
Frame
Protocol
AAL2/ATM
WCDMA L1
Frame
Protocol
GTPU
UDP
IP
AAL2/ATM AAL5/ATM
L1
L1
GTPU
UDP
GTPU
UDP
GTP-U
IP
IP
IP
AAL5/ATM
L2
L2
L1
L1
L1
UDP
Cisco Confidential
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39. Iu-ps
Node B
Serving RNC
IP
PDCP
Gn
3G SGSN
GGSN
IP
Direct Tunnel allows
SGSN to remove itself
from data plane
PDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP
UDP
MAC
MAC
IP
IP
MACHS
WCDMA
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
MACHS
Frame
Protocol
AAL2/ATM
WCDMA L1
Frame
Protocol
AAL2/ATM AAL5/ATM
L1
L1
L2
L1
Cisco Confidential
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40. HSPA+: Distribute RNC
Data plane to Node B
Iu-ps
Serving RNC
Node B
IP
Gn
3G SGSN
GGSN
IP
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP
UDP
MAC
MAC
IP
IP
MACHS
MACHS
L2
L2
WCDMA
WCDMA
L1
L1
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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41. 3GPP R6
3GPP Direct
Tunnel
RNC
NodeB
3G SGSN
GGSN
SGSN-S
RNC
NodeB
GGSN
MME
3GPP LTE/EPC
eNodeB
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
SGW
PGW
Cisco Confidential
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42. Highlighting the growing importance of IP transport
3G MSC-S
HLR/HSS
PSTN
SGW
IP RAN
w/ ATM PW
or Native IP
3G MGW
Core IP
3G RNC
Node B
3G SGSN
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSN
Cisco Confidential
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43. • Evolved Packet System (EPS) is the technology direction for 3GPP based
networks
• Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next generation 3GPP radio access
network
Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)
• System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the 3GPP next generation standard
for mobile networks providing:
Increased Bandwidth
End-to-End IP
Simplified Architecture
Support for multiple radio access technologies
• Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is the next generation 3GPP packet core
Consists of (3) main components (MME, SGW, and PGW)
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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44. CS Network
GERAN
UTRAN
E-UTRAN
(LTE)
Evolved
Packet Core
(EPC)
IP Services
/ Internet
Non-3GPP
Access
EPS = Evolved Packet System
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the 3GPP WI that defined the E-UTRAN
SAE (System Architecture Evolution) is the 3GPP WI that defined the EPC
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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45. • Radio Side (Evolved UTRAN - EUTRAN)
Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency
Simplification of the radio network
Efficient support of packet based services: Multicast, VoIP, etc.
)
• Network Side (Evolved Packet Core - EPC
Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput, idle to active transitions
Simplification of the core network
Optimization for IP traffic and services
Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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46. • Higher Bandwidth (>100 kbps per user on average) and improved
latency
Transmission and transition delays <10 & 100ms resp. in unloaded conditions
• Service independent and data-only architecture
Strict data QoS mechanism with no voice dedicated bearer identifictaion
• Always-on model
All registered users have a default bearer established used for signalling
• IP addressing
IPv6 by default with dual stack sessions (IPv4v6)
• Support of alternative access technologies
3GPP and non-3GPP architecture, including possible wireline access
Local breakout
Part of the traffic may be routed directly in the visited network
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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47. Next
Generatio
n Cell Site
Mobility
Control
Node
PDN
interconne
ct
Destination
Network
Mobility
Anchor
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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48. RNC SGSN
GGSN
PDN/
Internet
NodeB
RNC
MME
PGW
eNodeB
PDN/
Internet
SGW
• From hierarchical architecture to flat IP topology
Open to centralized or distributed deployments
• RNC functions distributed between the eNB and the EPC
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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49. • SGSN  MME + Serving GW
In the LTE architecture the SGSN functionality is split into
MME & Serving GW
MME = Control Plane of SGSN
Serving GW = Data Plane of SGSN
• GGSN  PDN GW
The PDN GW has similar function as the GGSN
IP Anchor
Policy Enforcement
Accounting/Charging
Deep Packet Inspection
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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50. HSS
MME
PCRF
S1-MME
UE
eNodeB
S-GW
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
NAS
PDN-GW
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
NAS
S1-MME
RRC
RRC
S1-AP
PDCP
PDCP
SCTP
RLC
RLC
IP
IP
MAC
MAC
L2
L2
OFDMA
OFDMA
L1
L1
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
S1-AP
36.413
SCTP
Cisco Confidential
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51. HSS
PCRF
MME
S1-U
S5/S8
UE
eNodeB
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
IP (user)
PDCP
PDN-GW
S-GW
S5/S8
S1-U
PDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
PMIP
36.414
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
OFDMA
OFDMA
GRE
PMIP
29.274
(GTP)
29.275
(PMIPv6)
GTP-U
UDP
GRE
UDP
UDP
IP
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
UDP
IP (user)
IP
IP
L2
L2
L2
L2
L1
L1
L1
L1
IP
Cisco Confidential
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52. HSS
PCRF
MME
X2
UE
eNodeB
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
X2-AP
X2-AP
GTP-U
SCTP
SCTP
UDP
X2-C
IP
L2
L1
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GTP-U
UDP
X2-U
IP
36.423
PDN-GW
S-GW
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
IP
36.424
L2
L1
Cisco Confidential
52

53. HSS
PCRF
MME
S6a
Gx
UE
eNodeB
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
DIAMETER
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
DIAMETER
DIAMETER
SCTP
SCTP
SCTP
S6a
IP
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
SCTP
IP
L2
L2
IP
L2
29.212
29.272
L1
DIAMETER
Gx
IP
L2
PDN-GW
S-GW
L1
L1
L1
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54. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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55. “
Source: www.cisco.com – “Migration to All IP RAN Transport” White Paper
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56. Radio
Towers
RAN
Backhaul
Network
Radio
Controller
Radio Access Network
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57. 78% CAGR 2011–2016
10.8 EB
per mo
4.2 EB
per mo
1.3 EB
per mo
2.4 EB
per mo
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, 2011–2016
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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58. RAN Architectures
Concepts & Evolution
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59. Air interface
RAN Edge
RAN Core
IP/MPLS and TDM core
BSC
MSC
T1/E1
BTS
G-MSC
PSTN
ADM
SONET
SDH
BSC
T1/E1
BTS
ADM
Cell site
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Aggregation site
Core site
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60. Air interface
RAN Edge
RAN Core
IP/MPLS and TDM core
BSC
MSC
T1/E1
BTS
G-MSC
PSTN
ADM
SONET
SDH
Frame Relay
BSC
IP/MPLS
T1/E1
BTS
SGSN
GGSN
ADM
Cell site
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Internet
Aggregation site
Core site
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61. Air interface
RAN Edge
RAN Core
IP/MPLS and TDM core
BSC
MGW
T1/E1
BTS
G-MSC
PSTN
ADM
nxE1
STM1
/OC3
Node B
MSC
SONET
SDH
RNC
ATM
BSC
IP/MPLS
T1/E1
BTS
ADM
Node B
Cell site
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SGSN
GGSN
nxE1
Internet
STM1
/OC3
RNC
Aggregation site
Core site
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61

62. Air interface
RAN Edge
RAN Core
IP/MPLS and TDM core
BSC
MGW
T1/E1
BTS
G-MSC
PSTN
ADM
nxE1
STM1
/OC3
Node B
MSC
SONET
SDH
RNC
ATMoMPLS
BSC
IP/MPLS
T1/E1
BTS
ADM
Node B
nxE1
STM1
/OC3
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
RNC
ATMoMPLS – 3G voice and data
TDMoMPLS – 2G voice and data
Cell site
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Aggregation site
Core site
Cisco Confidential
62

63. Air interface
RAN Edge
RAN Core
IP/MPLS and TDM core
BSC
MSS
MGW
T1/E1
MGW
PSTN
BTS
G-MSC
RNC
Node B
ATMoMPLS
Pseudo wire
BSC
IP/MPLS
T1/E1
BTS
Node B
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
RNC
ATMoMPLS – 3G voice and data
TDMoMPLS – 2G voice and data
Cell site
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Aggregation site
Core site
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63

64. Mobile Backhaul
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64

65. • Common & Cheap Transport
• Generation & Service Independent
• Traffic Type Awareness & Prioritization (QoS)
• Scalability (GE, 10GE, etc.)
• Service Resiliency
• Clock Distribution Mechanism
• Large Scale Provisioning & Visibility
• Interface Support (Legacy, Current, & Future)
• Security
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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65

66. Converged
Customer Premise
Cell Site
Mobile Provider Managed
MTSO / MSC
Mobile POP
Central Offices
Wireline Telco Managed
Mobile Provider Managed
2G
BTS
Carrier Ethernet
IP/ MPLS Transport
TDM
T1 / E1
CPE
U-PE
Access
ATM T1/E1
3G
Aggregation
Node
Aggregation
Node
U-PE
Access
MTSO
Aggregation
2G
BSC
CH-OCn
Distribution
Node
OCn ATM
3G
RNC
Ethernet
Ethernet
NodeB
CE Transport Access Options:
Ethernet / IP
Ethernet, EoCu, EoTDM
Cell-Site Hut
TDM
ATM
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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66

67. Mobile Edge
Access
Aggregation
Edge
Gateway / Policy
GGSN/PDSN
CSG2
Clock Source
CH T1/E1
TDM PWE - Clock
NodeB
ATM / TDM PWE
NodeB
ATM
2G
BSC
CHOC3-TDM
Ethernet
MWR
7600
CHOC3-ATM
7600
7600
7600
3G
RNC
CH T1/E1
NodeB
ATM / TDM PWE
NodeB
ATM VCx
ATM VCx
ATM
ONS 15454
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
MSTP/MSPP
Cisco Confidential
67

68. • Service Provider Best practices for box-level security:
Management plane hardening (lock-down VTYs, disable unused services, telnet/SSH,
AAA, Netflow, NTP, password management, etc.).
Control plane & data plane hardening (disable unused services under interfaces, ICMP,
Proxy ARP, etc.)
• Protection from cell-site router hijack
IP/MAC ACLs on aggregation routers
Control Plane Policing, hardware-based Rate-limiter on aggregation routers
• Eavesdropping
3GPP has recommended using IPSEC security for signaling
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68

69. • Latency –time taken for a packet to reach its destination
• Jitter –change in inter-packet latency within a stream over time i.e.
variation of latency
• Packet loss –measure of packet loss between a source and destination
• QoS provides:
Congestion Avoidance
Congestion Management
• Prioritize critical traffic over best-effort
• Signaling and Clocking <-> Voice <-> Real-time <-> Data
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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69

70. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
70

71. ITIL®
eTOM
FCAPS
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IT Infrastructure Library
Enhanced Telecom Operations Map
Fault, Configuration, Accounting,
Performance, and Security
Cisco Confidential
71

72. FCAPS Functions and
Purpose
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72

73. Standards body
ITU (http://www.itu.int)
Active since
1865 (as CCITT; reorganized as ITU-T in 1993)
189 states
Members
640+ sector members (service providers, research, regulators)
92 associates (vendors, consulting)
Focus
Main
deliverables
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
High-quality standards and recommendations covering multiple
aspects of telecommunications
1997–04 TMN functions (FCAPS) (M.3400)
Large number of management recommendations by Study Group
4 (http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups)
Cisco Confidential
73

74. Management Functional Areas (MFAs)
Management Function Set Groups
Fault
Quality assurance, alarm surveillance,
fault localization, fault correction,
testing, trouble administration
Configuration
Network Planning and engineering,
installation, service planning and
negotiation, provisioning, status and
control
Accounting
Tariffing/pricing, usage measurement,
collections and finance, and enterprise
control
Performance
Quality assurance, performance
monitoring, performance control, and
performance analysis
Security
Prevention, detection, containment and
recovery, and security administration
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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74

75. BML
F
C
A
P
S
SML
Customers, services, other service providers,
and vendors
NML
Network, nodes, links, and end-toend management
EML
NEL
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Business knowledge, people, goals,
and policies
Control of a subset of
network elements
Network elements and
other resources
Cisco Confidential
75

76. ITIL and Service
Management
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76

77. • Information Technology Infrastructure Library or IT Infrastructure Library
Developed by UK government, now owned by Office of Govt.
Commerce (OGC)
Framework (concepts and policies) applicable to improving network
management practices
Infrastructure management
Development
Operations
• ITIL is published in a series of books, each on an IT management
practice
• Other frameworks exist—Enterprise Computing Institute’s library,
Framework for ICT Technical Support (FITS), IBM Tivoli Unified Process
Model (ITUP), COBIT, etc.
• With increased focus on application availability and performance and the
Network Operation Center (NOC) transitioning to an Integrated
Operations Center (IOC), ITIL provides an applicable framework
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77

78. ITIL v1
• Collection of books each covering a specific practice in service
management
• Grew to over 30 volumes, unmanageable and unaffordable
ITIL v2
• First two of eight books for service management
Service Delivery
Service Support
• Five books for operational guidance and an
implementation planner
• Ninth book added for ITIL Small-Scale Implementation
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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78

79. • ITIL v3 (current) consists of
five volumes
AKA ITIL Refresh Project
Desig
n
Five phases of a life cycle
• Some vocabulary is critical, most has
morphed as people wrote books,
provided training, etc.
tion
Opera
No phase (practice) can stand alone
Service
Strategy
ion
sit
ran
T
Will emphasize areas where proper usage is
critical
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79

80. • Services—way to deliver value to customers by achieving outcomes
they want without ownership
of costs and risks
Dry cleaning, Internet services, car wash, hair salon
• Service management—set of specialized organizational capabilities for
providing services
Function—teams or groups of people and their tools to perform
a process or activity
Roles—responsibilities defined in a process and assigned
to a person or team
Process—structured set of activities designed to meet
a specific objective
Process owner—accountable for quality of a service
Service owner—accountable for delivery of a service
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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80

81. • Most projects fail because of lack of planning and
management…
• … and management sometimes forgets that it is people
who run businesses
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81

82. Five Practices (Phases) with Processes as Second Priority
Desi
gn
tion
Opera
Service
Strategy
ion
sit
an
Tr
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82

83. • An official introduction and five books, each
a core phase
Service strategy
Service design
Service transition
Service operation
Service continual improvement
• Every service goes through all five phases
during its lifecycle
New (initial launch)
Additions (enhancements)
Deletions (sunset)
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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83

84. Enhanced Telecom
Operations
Map (eTOM)
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Cisco Confidential
84

85. • Developed as part of the NGOSS program from the TeleManagement™
Forum
• Provides a business process (i.e., ITIL functions) framework to guide the
development and management of key processes for a telecom services
provider
• Offers a catalog of industry-standard names
and descriptions
• Started as TOM in 1995, focused on just operational process needs
• Added strategic, marketing, and product lifecycle planning as part of
eTOM
• Aid the end-to-end automation of information and communications
services using the holistic eTOM process framework
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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85

86. (Process Layering vs. Lifecycle View)
Desi
gn
tion
Opera
Service
Strategy
ion
sit
an
Tr
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86

87. eTOM
ITIL
Context
Business process framework for SPs
(product providers), in the information,
communications, and entertainment sectors.
Products (services) to their customers,
consumer internally of ITIL services
Concentrates on IT service mgmt,
independent of the business or industry
sector
Objectives
Provides a business process blueprint for
SPs to streamline their end-to-end
processes
Enables effective communications and
common vocabularies within the SP and
with customers and supplier
Aligns IT services with current and future
needs of business and customer
Improves the quality of IT services
delivered
Reduces long-term cost of service
provision
Scope
Provides a top-down hierarchical view of
business processes across the SP
Focuses on identifying commonality among
processes for similar services (e.g.,
telephony, HSD, mobiles)
Focuses on service delivery to external
customers
Represents flows in a number of key
operational areas
Offers advice/guidance on the
implementation and continued delivery of
service management
Focuses on serving internal IT customers
and external customers
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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87

88. eTOM
ITIL
Adoption
Adopted by ITU International
Standards for the Telecom Sector
and used by many SPs
Used as a set of best practices by over
10,000 companies including some SPs
Used by many SPs for incident
management and service desks
Implementation
Implemented differently by each SP
as it is a framework
Supported by TMF/NGOSS
specifications
Also a framework
Provides implementation guidelines in
v3 as earlier versions did not provide
guidelines or ways to assess maturity
Compliance
Achieved through the TMF/NGOSS
Compliance Program with
certification on tools, not on
organizations and processes
No such thing as “ITIL compliant” as
ITIL is not a standard nor a set of
regulations. Processes and
organizations, not tools, can be
assessed and certified against ISO/BS
15000, the IT Service Management
Standard based on ITIL.
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88

89. • TMF/eTOM team formed in mid-2004 to develop guidelines to relate the
two programs
Provide information on mapping from one view to the other
Focus initially on the ITIL incident management area
Published a TMF Technical Report, An Interpreter’s Guide
for eTOM and ITIL Practitioners
Terminology comparisons
Mapping between processes
Business benefits of a combined approach
Published TMF TR 143, Building Bridges: ITIL and eTOM
(August 2008)
• SPs able to show compliance with ITIL without using the ITIL processes
• Frameworks are complementary
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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89

90. • ITIL moved from government support to IT Service Management Forum
(ITSMF)
Push to formalize ITIL from its current set of loose and sometimes
inconsistent verbal definitions
Drive for convergence with the TMF NGOSS community
Projected in 2005 that ITIL would be more consistent, formal,
and better fitted to support operational management technologies in a
year (changes did not happen)
• Reality is that some knowledge of eTOM is likely required to talk with
SPs
You will see ITIL processes for service operation
ITIL processes will be mapped within eTOM
SPs will be conversant in eTOM
ITIL is NOT just for enterprise
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90

91. • The best mix of both!
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91

92. SP Business
Process Needs
Strategy, Infrastructure & Product
Strategy &
Commit
Infrastructure
Lifecycle
Mgmt
IT Good Practice
Needs
Operations
Product
Lifecycle
Mgmt
Operations
Support &
Readiness
Marketing & Offer Management
Fulfillment
Assurance
Billing
Customer Relationship Management
Service Development & Management
Strategy, Infrastructure & Product
Desig
n
Service Management & Operations
Resource Management & Operations
(Application, Computing & Network)
Supply Chain Development & Management
Supplier/Partner Relationship Management
tion
Opera
Resource Development & Management
(Application, Computing and Network)
n
itio
ns
Tra
Enterprise Management
Strategic & Enterprise
Planning
Enterprise Risk
Management
Financial & Asset
Management
Enterprise Effectiveness
Management
Stakeholder & External
Relations Management
Service
Strategy
Knowledge & Research
Management
Human Resources
Management
eTOM
Process Flows
eTOM Business Flows
that Deliver ITIL Good
Practice Services
ITIL Best
Practices
Filter &
Reconcile
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92

93. • Improved time to resolve through cause identification
• Productivity improvement for fault diagnosis
• Improved visibility in real time
• Proactively manage impact to the business
(IT calls the business)
• Event management process and systems can be leveraged for security
management
• A recent study of 200+ Cisco customers showed that fault management
was important
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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93

94. How important are the following network management capabilities?
Using a scale from 1 to 5, where 1=unimportant and 5=very important.
% Saying Very Important
74%
79%
Security and risk
management
63%
54%
Fault detection/root
cause analysis
61%
54%
Performance
management
Network
optimization/capacity
planning
Ability to manage
multi-vendor network
hardware
Configuration
management
Traffic bottleneck
analysis
Inventory and asset
management
Enterprise
Mid-market
57%
52%
Base: All Enterprise/Midmarket respondents (n=275)
56%
47%
55%
41%
54%
54%
52%
49%
Source: Cisco NMTG Market Intelligence and Enterprise Management Associates
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94

95. Which are the three most time consuming network management tasks within
your organization?
% Saying in Top 3
Enterprise
Mid-market
Most Time Consuming Tasks
Diagnosis/troubleshooting fault problems
50%
48%
47%
Diagnosis/troubleshooting traffic congestion
Diagnosis/troubleshooting security problems
42%
26%
27%
Capacity planning
Learning to use new mgmt software
21%
Controlling user access
21%
Maintaining usernames & passwords
Base: All Enterprise respondents (n=185)
0%
48%
35%
34%
Updating new devices w/ new OS & new config parameters
Adding new devices
63%
13%
34%
31%
18%
16%
19%
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Source: Cisco NMTG Market Intelligence and Enterprise Management Associates
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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95

96. Common SP Organizational
Structures
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96

97. SP Network
Organization
Architecture
Engineering
Network
Operations
Network
Engineering
Solution
Designers
(Presales)
Support
Engineers
Tier 1
Infrastructure
Architects
Architecture
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Tier 2/3
NOC
Engineering
Implementation
Engineers
Network
Cisco Confidential
97

98. • The organization can be broadly broken down into three areas of
responsibility:
Architecture
Network
Network Operations
Security Engineer
Implementation
Engineer
Field Engineer
Network Management
Engineer
NOC Support Technician
Tier 2
NOC Support Engineer
Tier 2
NOC Support Engineer
Technology Specialist
Advanced NOC Support
Engineer Tier 3
Solution Design
Engineer
Infrastructure
Architect
Capacity Planning
Engineer
98
Cisco Confidential
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Network
Engineering
Network
Operations
Architecture
Engineering

99. Network Management Engineer
NOC Support Technician – Tier 1
NOC Support Engineer – Tier 2
NOC Support Engineer – Technology Specialist
Advanced NOC Support Engineer – Tier 3
Architecture
Engineering
Network
Engineering
Security Engineer
Implementation
Engineer
Field Engineer
Network Management
Engineer
NOC Support Technician
Tier 2
NOC Support Engineer
Tier 2
NOC Support Engineer
Technology Specialist
Advanced NOC Support
Engineer Tier 3
Solution Design
Engineer
Infrastructure
Architect
Capacity Planning
Engineer
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Network
Operations
Cisco Confidential
99

100. Solution Design Engineer
Security Engineer
Infrastructure Architect
Implementation Engineer
Capacity Planning Engineer
Field Engineer
Security Engineer
Implementation
Engineer
Field Engineer
Network Management
Engineer
NOC Support Technician
Tier 2
NOC Support Engineer
Tier 2
NOC Support Engineer
Technology Specialist
Advanced NOC Support
Engineer Tier 3
Solution Design
Engineer
Infrastructure
Architect
Capacity Planning
Engineer
100
Cisco Confidential
© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Network
Engineering
Network
Operations
Architecture
Engineering

101. Thank you.