1. The document discusses various printing techniques including screen printing, etching, woodcut, lithography, letterpress, gravure, photocopying, laser printing, inkjet printing, and desktop publishing. 2. Older techniques like etching, woodcut, and letterpress involve carving or etching images onto surfaces like metal plates or wood blocks to create the print, while newer digital techniques use technologies like photocopiers, laser printers, and inkjet printers. 3. Each technique has advantages like the ability to mass produce identical circuits with etching or produce vibrant colors with screen printing, but they can also have disadvantages like the use of chemicals with etching or limitations on textures with woodcut.

1. THE PRINT INDUSTRY

2. Hand Printing

3. Screen Printing Etching
Screen printing is a printing technique that
uses a woven mesh to support an ink-
blocking stencil to receive a desired image.
The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh
that transfer ink or other printable materials
which can be pressed through the mesh as a
sharp-edged image onto a substrate. Screen
printing is also a stencil method of print making
in which a design is imposed on a screen of
polyester or other fine mesh, with blank areas
coated with an impermeable substance.
Etching is the process of using strong acid
or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of
a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in
the metal. Linocut is a printmaking technique,
a variant of woodcut in which a sheet
of linoleum is used for the relief surface. A
design is cut into the linoleum surface with a
sharp knife, V-shaped chisel or gouge,

4. Wood Cut Lithography
Woodcut-A relief printing artistic technique
in printmaking in which an image is carved
into the surface of a block of wood, with the
printing parts remaining level with the
surface Multiple colours can be printed by
keying the paper to a frame around the
woodblocks. The art of carving the woodcut
can be called "xylography", but this is rarely
used in English for images alone,
Lithography - Is a method of printing originally
based on the principle that oil and water do not
mix. Printing is from a stone (limestone)
or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It
was invented in 1796 by German author
and actor Alois Senefelder as a cheap
method of publishing theatrical works. In
modern lithography, the image is made
of a polymer coating applied to a flexible
aluminum plate. The image can be
printed directly from the plate.

5. Mechanical

6. Letterpress printing Gravure
Letterpress printing is a technique of relief
printing using a printing press. A worker
composes and locks movable type into the bed
of a press, inks it, and presses paper against it
to transfer the ink from the type which creates
an impression on the paper. is a technique
of relief printing using a printing press. A
worker composes and locks movable type into
the bed of a press, inks it, and presses paper
against it to transfer the ink from the type
which creates an impression on the paper.
Letterpress printing was the normal form of
printing text from its invention by Johannes
Gutenberg in the mid-15th century until the
19th century and remained in wide use for
books and other uses until the second half of
the 20th century.
Rotogravure (Roto or Gravure for short)
is a type of intaglio printing process,
which involves engraving the image onto
an image carrier. In gravure printing, the
image is engraved onto
a cylinder because, like offset
printing and flexography, is a type
of intaglio printing process, which
involves engraving the image onto
an image carrier. In gravure printing, the
image is engraved onto
a cylinder because, like offset
printing and flexography,

7. Screen process
Screen printing is a printing technique
that uses a woven mesh to support an
ink-blocking stencil to receive a desired
image. The attached stencil forms open
areas of mesh that transfer ink or other
printable materials which can be pressed
through the mesh as a sharp-edged
image onto a substrate.

8. Digital

9. Photocopying Laser Printing
A photocopier is a machine that
makes paper copies of documents and
other visual images quickly and cheaply.
Most current photocopiers use a
technology called xerography, a dry
process that uses electrostatic charges
on a light sensitive photoreceptor to first
attract and then transfer toner particles
(a powder) onto paper in the form of an
image.
Laser printing is an electrostatic digital
printing process that rapidly produces
high quality text and graphics by passing
a laser beam over a charged drum to
define a differentially charged image.
The drum then selectively collects
charged toner and transfers the image to
paper, which is then heated to
permanently fix the image.

10. Screen process Desktop publishing
Screen printing is a printing technique
that uses a woven mesh to support an
ink-blocking stencil to receive a desired
image. The attached stencil forms open
areas of mesh that transfer ink or other
printable materials which can be pressed
through the mesh as a sharp-edged
image onto a substrate. Screen printing
is also a stencil method of print making
in which a design is imposed on a screen
of polyester or other fine mesh, with
blank areas coated with an impermeable
substance.
Desktop publishing is the creation of
documents using page layout skills on
a personal computer. Desktop publishing
software can generate layouts and
produce typographic quality text and
images comparable to
traditional typography and printing.

11. Inkjet Printing
.
Inkjet printing is a type of computer
printing that creates a digital image by
propelling droplets of ink onto paper,
plastic, or other substrates. Inkjet printers
are the most commonly used type of
printer

12. .
Hand
Etching 1. Many circuits can
be etched at once
2. Circuits can be very
compact - the etched
tracks replace wires
and leads
3. All etchings will be
identical and therefore
all circuits will be
identical.
the circuit needs to be
updated, then the it will
need to be re-designed
and re-etched from
scratch, and that
etching uses some
nasty chemicals that
can be harmful to the
environment.
Linocut 1. Carving is enabled
2. printing is possible
embossing is
enabled,
3. tough and sturdy,
different surfaces
4. easy for simple
designs.
1.Mistakes are
unreversible,
2. It is not 3D, you have
to work hard to get
texture,
3. Hard to cut
4. Limited colour
application, hard to
clean
5. Hard to get off hands,
long time to dry
6. Time consuming
Screen print 1.The inks used are
very durable the
colours are
1. Slow Production
Rate: As no machine is
used and all of the