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Biological hydrogels as selective diffusion barriers
1. Biological hydrogels as selective
diffusion barriers
Ortal Levi
Department Of Chemical Engineering
June 2013
2. DefinitionDefinition
• Three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic
polymer chains that do not dissolve but can
swell in water
• both solid like and liquid like properties
• high biocompatibility
• environmental stimuli respondent
(temperature, pH, light, specific molecules)
• Ideal for controlled drug delivery
3. ClassificationClassification
-various criteria for the classification of hydrogels
Origin Natural
Synthetic
Water content or
degree of swelling
Low swelling
Medium swelling
High swelling
Superabsorbent
Porosity Nonporous
Microporous
Macroporous
Superporous
Cross-linking Chemical (covalent
bonding)
Physical (noncovalent
bonding)
Biodegradability Biodegradable
4. Properties and Structures of HydrogelsProperties and Structures of Hydrogels
Rs = (Ws-Wd) / Wd
Rs = swelling ratio
Ws = weight of swollen hydrogels
Wd = weight of dried hydrogels
Swelling property is influenced by:
•type and composition of monomers
•other environmental factors such as :
temperature, pH, ionic strength
•cross-linking MechanicalMechanical
strength andstrength and
permeabilitypermeability
Cross-linking and/or copolymerization with hydrophobic comonomers
density↑, mechanical strength↑, swelling property↓
5. (a) Degradation of the hydrogel at different
temperatures in PBS. (b) Swelling kinetics of the
hydrogel at different temperatures. (c) Entrapped
GFs in hydrogel in PBS. (d) Cumulative release
profiles of GFs from hydrogel.
7. Hydrogel FabricationHydrogel Fabrication
Physical crosslinking
• Ionic hydrogel
Chemical and Physical
crosslinking
• Cross-linking without
chemical reaction
• ionic interaction, hydrogen
bonding, antigen-antibody
interaction, supramolecular
association
8. Hydrogel FabricationHydrogel Fabrication
+
MonomerCrosslinker
Vinyl group-containing water-soluble polymers
Copolymerizatio
n
Polymerization Hydrogel
network
Chemical crosslinking
Polymerization of water soluble monomers in the presence
of bi- or multifunctional cross-linking agent
or
9. Applications of Hydrogels in Drug DeliveryApplications of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery
- Benefits of controlled drug delivery
more effective therapies with reduced side effects
the maintenance of effective drug concentration
levels in the blood
patient’s convenience as medicines hence increased
patient compliance
- Release mechanisms of drug molecules
: diffusion, dissolution, osmosis, ion exchange
10. Applications of Hydrogels in Drug DeliveryApplications of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery
Environment-Sensitive Hydrogels
• respond to environmental change
: temperature, pH, specific molecule
• reversible volume phase transition or sol-gel phase
transition
• “intelligent” or “smart” hydrogel
Drug-loaded gel
Change in pH for
gel swelling
Drug release through
the swollen network
Drug release by the
squeezing action
Change in temperature for
gel collapse
12. time
Water-insoluble
Polymer membrane
Applications of Hydrogels in Drug DeliveryApplications of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery
Reservoir system
Biological self-assembly of injectable hydrogel as cell scaffold via specific nucleobase
pairing
13. filtering mechanisms in biological
hydrogels
Mesh Size Electrostatic, ionic
strength
Diffusion of Particles in the Extracellular Matrix: The Effect of Repulsive Electrostatic
Interactions
18. SummarySummary
• Hydrogels have played role in the development
of various controlled-release formulation
• biocompatible and increasing the solubility of
poorly soluble drug
• Hydrogels with novel properties will continue to
play important role in drug delivery
• smart hydrogels and new controlled-release
formulation
Notas do Editor
Swelling ratio 는 하이드로겔이 물을 흡수하는 정도를 나타나는데 이것은 swelling 하이드로겔 무게 값을 dried 된 하이드로겔 무게 값을 뺸 값응 다시 dried 하이드로겔 값으로 나눈 값입니다 . Swelling ratio 는 모노머의 유형과 조성 , 주변환경 요소 , 가교 밀고에 따라 달라 질수 있습니다 . 가교밀도는 하이드로겔의 기계적 강도와 하이드로겔에 물이 침투하는 성질에 많은 영향을 주게 됩니다 . 가교 밀도가 높고 , 하이드로겔이 IPN 구조이면서 소수성 모노머들이 공중합 되어 있으면 기계적 강도는 높아지지만 swelling 은 낮아지게 됩니다 . 이러한 성질을 이용하여 우리가 원하고자 하는 물성을 갖는 하이드로겔을 만들수가 있습니다 .
하이드로겔은 화학적 , 물리적 결합으로 이루어진 하이드로겔로 나누어집니다 . 화학적 결합 하이드로겔은 공유결합으로 가교 되어 있으며 열경화서 하이드로겔입니다 . 그리고 부피 상 전이가 일어나며 모양이 안정하고 잘 변하지 않습니다 . 반면에 물리적 결합으로 이루어진 하이드로겔은 수소결합 , 소수성 상호작용 등과 같은 비공유 결합으로 이루어져 있으며 열가소성 하이드로겔입니다 . 이것은 sol-gel transition 이 일어나며 모양 안정성과 그 모양을 유지하는 데 제한적인 특징이 있습니다 .
화학적 가교는 두개 이상의 작용기를 가지고 있는 가교제 존재하에서 물에 잘 녹는 모노머들의 중합으로 생성합니다 . 그림에서 보시다시피 모노머가 가교제와 공중합이 일어나면서 하이드로겔 망상조직을 형성하는 것과 vinyl 그룹을 가진 물에 잘녹는 고분자를 중합하여 하이드로겔 망상조직을 생성할 수 있습니다 . 이것은 앞에서 말했다시피 공유결합으로 이루어진 화학적 결합으로 이루어진 하이드로겔입니다 .