1. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Stormwater BMP Maintenance
Importance
• Maintain the function of the BMP
• Maintain environmental and habitat
benefits
• Maintain appearance-public acceptance
• Prevent costly future repairs
2. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Developing a Maintenance Strategy
Facility Inventory
• Obtain maintenance plan
and design documents
• Visit the site to review
conditions, access
• Contact the local
governmental jurisdiction
3. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Developing a Maintenance Strategy
Work Plan
• Review facility inventory
• Review maintenance guides
• Create a list of
activities, equipment needed and
cost
• Review plan with owner and local
governmental officials
• Modify or create checklist and
record keeping procedures
• Assign and educate personnel
• Implementation and evaluation
4. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Inspections
Location
• Upstream Parking Lots & Paved Areas
• Upstream Unpaved Areas
• Forebays
• Main Treatment Area
• Storm Sewer Pipes and Structures
5. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Inspections
Frequency
• Weekly during establishment period
• Weekly/monthly after establishment period
• Complete when doing regular site maintenance
• Some inspections should occur during rainfall
• Some inspections should occur 24 hours after rainfall
Weeds and invasive species a
few months after planting
Immediately after planting
During rain eventAfter establishment period
6. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Inspections
Visual Assessment
• Trash and debris
• Sediment accumulation
• Bare soil and erosion
• Plant coverage
• Plant health
Trash and debris
Sediment accumulation
Plant coverage
Erosion
Plant Health
7. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Inspections
Visual Assessment
• Soil moisture and percolation
• Weeds and invasive species
• Animal and insect damage
• Mulch condition
Weeds and invasive species
2 months after planting
Soil percolation
Animal damage Mulch
8. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Periodic Inspections
Frequency
• Annually or as needed
• Increase frequency to monitor
identified potential problems
• During storm events
9. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Periodic Inspections
Visual Assessment
• Storm sewer pipe and structure
condition
• Dam, embankment, overflow
weir condition
• Stormwater Flow
10. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Periodic Inspections
Testing and Surveys
• Soil testing
• Soil profile
• Stormwater flow
• Detention volume
• Water testing
11. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Soil Stabilization
• Establishment Period
• Management Period
• Repairs
12. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Clean Up – Trash and Debris
• Location
• Equipment
• Frequency
• Disposal
13. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Clean Up – Sediment Removal
• Location
(Upstream, Forebay, Structures, P
onding & Treatment Area)
• Equipment
• Method (Avoid heavy equipment
of select soils)
• Frequency
• Disposal
• Amount (All or partial)
14. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Plant Density
• Facility age
• Plant loss
• Season
• Plant spacing
Year 1 Year 2
Year 4
15. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –General
• Importance
• Frequency
• Environmentally sensitive practices
• Plant identification-use photo guides
16. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –By Hand
• Method
• Frequency
• Weed species knowledge
• Clean Up (removal of Biomass)
17. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –Mowing
• Equipment
• Method
• Height
• Frequency
• Edging
• Clean Up (removal of Biomass)
18. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –Edging & Trimming
• Purpose
• Equipment
• Method
• Frequency
• Clean Up (removal of
Biomass)
19. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –Burning
• Benefits
• Local regulations
• Method (Spot and Large Area)
• Frequency
20. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Species Removal –Chemical
• Integrated Chemical Management
• Product Selection
• Timing
• Method/Application
21. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Aquatic Species Removal
• Cattails
• Reed Canary Grass
• Algae
22. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Invasive Woody Species Removal
• Location
• Equipment
• Method
• Frequency
23. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Plant Maintenance
• Aesthetic Goals
• Frequency
• Plant Characteristics
• Watering
• Replacements
• Disease
24. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Soil Amendments
• Type (Organic vs Inorganic
• Composition
• Frequency
• Application Rate
• Adjacent Areas
25. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance Procedures
Pest Management
• Animal damage
• Insects
26. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Stormwater BMP Maintenance
Resources
• APWA MARC Maunal of Best Management Practices for Stormwater Quality, Mid America Regional Council, August
2009
• “Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional
Commission, January 2007
• “Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public
Utilities, 2005
• “Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009
• “A Citizen’s Guide to Maintaining Stormwater Best Management Practices”, Lake County Stormwater Management
Commission, October 2004
• “Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009
• Stormwater BMPs Selection, Maintenance & Monitoring, Gordon England and Stuart Stein, July 2007
27. Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Stormwater BMP Maintenance
Questions?
28. Plant Maintenance for BMPs
Jason Dremsa- Applied Ecological Services
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
29. Overview
• Updates to the BMP Manual Maintenance
Tables
• First Year establishment Priorities
• Second & Third Year Establishment Priorities
• Continuing Maintenance Issues
• Resources for Maintenance (BMP Manual)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
31. Activity Frequency
Establishment (1-3yrs)
Watering plants
(seeded areas up to 8 weeks, plugs and container plants in drought)
1” per week as
needed
Weed control
(flail mow, string-trim, selective/preemerg herbicides, mechanical removal , foliar herbicide)
Monthly
Remove litter and debris
(trash, leaves, sand, mower discharge)
Monthly
Monitor & repair erosion
(stabilize soil, replace plants, secure edging)
Monthly
Check for standing water
(longer than design, any puddles, saturated soil)
Monthly
Add mulch
(moisture & weed control with plugs/containers, 3” or less)
Annually
Inspect drainage area
(parking lot sweeping, open dumpsters, etc)
Annually
Replace dead plants
(use design species/size: overseed, install deep cell plugs, maintain density)
Annually, as needed
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
32. Activity Frequency
Establishment (3yrs+)
Vegetation cleanup
(string-trim, spot spray, prescribed burn, prune)
Annually, spring or fall
Evaluate plant composition
(woody invasion, grass/flower ratio, “right plant right place”)
Annually
Sediment removal, erosion control
(pretreatment structures: forebay, check dams, swale)
Annually
Address animal damage
(beaver dams, muskrat burrows, deer rubs)
Annually
Verify structural component function
(v-notch weir, check dams, outlet protection, area inlet, valve or gate lube, underdrain, inflows)
Annually
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
33. Activity Frequency
Native Vegetation Swale
String trim vegetation to minimize disturbance Annually
Inspect for erosion in flow lines and slopes Annually
Bioretention cell
Evaluate soils for nutrients, physical make-up Annually
Fortify edging material/adjacent landscape beds Annually
Typical maintenance activities are outlined to provide a basis for scheduling and
planning work but should not be considered wholly comprehensive or definitive.
Activities and frequencies will vary depending on site conditions and expectations
related to adjacent land use. Some activities shown may continue through the
establishment and maintenance phases. It’s important to use adaptive
management based on the goals of the practice and to integrate evaluation and
assessment into a long-term maintenance plan.
•Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
34. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Erosion Control:
• Rills
• Gullies
Sheet Flow or Concentrated?
Annual Weeds: ID, removal, examples…
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
35. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual weeds –
Definition:
• Annual plants complete their life cycle in one
year.
• A weed is a plant out of place.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
36. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Removing Annual weeds
• Annual weeds should be cut or broken off at
the base to limit soil disturbance; disturbance
after planting can lead to erosion and more
weeds.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
37. First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Common Annual Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)
List:
•ANNUAL BROAD LEAF WEEDS
:
•common sunflower
•mares tail
•giant ragweed
•common ragweed
•cocklebur
•lambs quarter
•prickly lettuce
•pigweed
•velvet leaf
•ANNUAL GRASS
WEEDS:
•fox tail (green,
yellow, & giant)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
38. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
common sunflower Helianthus annuus
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Found in
cultivated
land, pastures,
and BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•2 to 10 feet tall
39. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
mares tail Conyza canadensis
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
pastures, roadsid
es, and BMPs
40. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•12 to 18 feet
tall on fertile,
moist soils; 4 to
8 feet in less
fertile, drier
areas
•Found mostly on
fertile, moist
soils, especially
bottomlands
41. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•Found in old
pastures, BMPs, r
oadsides, and
cultivated land
•1 to 4 feet tall
42. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
cocklebur Xanthium strumarium
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•2 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated
fields, abandoned
land, poor
pastures, and
roadsides
43. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
lambs quarter Chenopodium album
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•3 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated crops
44. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•2 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
roadsides, fen
ce rows, and
BMPs
45. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•up to 6 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated fields,
yards, fence
rows, and BMPs
46. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
velvet leaf Abutilon theophrasti
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•often 6 to 8 feet tall
•Found principally
in soybean and
corn fields but
occasionally in
gardens, and along
fence rows
47. Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
hedge parsely
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•1-3 feet tall
•Found in
BMPs, edges of
woods, and low
shady places
48. Annual Grass Weed Control :
fox tail (green, yellow, giant) Setaria spp.
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•Typically 1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in cultivated
crops, gardens, turf
49. Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
• Replacement Planting
• Inlet, forebay, repair/cleaning, ?
• On-going Erosion Problems?
• Other Issues
-hydrology?
-photo of Blue Valley
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
50. Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Biennial weeds–
• A plant out of place that normally requires two
seasons to complete its life cycle, growing usually
as a rosette in the first season and producing
flowers and fruits and then dying in the second
season.
Perennial weeds –
• A plant out of place that lives for more than two
years, retuning from their root-stock; rather than
seeding themselves as an annual plant does.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
51. Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
• Removing Biennial weeds:
Cut stalk before seed production, Pull (with out
disturbing soil) kill Rosette with herbicide.
• Removing Perennial weeds:
Spray with herbicide or Pull (with out disturbing
soil) and/or burn with prescribed fire (if
permitted).
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
52. Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Common Biennial & Perennial Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)
List:
•BIENNIAL WEEDS:
•Queen Anne’s lace
•musk thistle
•Sweet clover?
•PERENNIAL WEEDS:
•curly dock
•red clover
•white clover
•field bind weed
•johnsongrass -photo
•sericea lezpedeza -
photo
•reed canary grass
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
53. Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
Queen Anne’s lace Daucus carota
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•1 to 3 feet tall
•Found in
meadows, past
ures, and
roadsides; not
in cultivated
fields
54. Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
musk thistle Carduus nutans
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•Noxious Weed
•3 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
pastures, mead
ows, and BMPs
55. Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
curley dock Rumex crispus
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
pastures, roads
ides, new hay
fields, and
BMPs
56. Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
red clover Trifolium pratense
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•1 -3 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed sites
57. Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
white clover Trifolium repens
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•Up to .5 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed sites
and lawns
58. Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
field bind weed Convolvulus arvensis
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•Noxious Weed
•2 to 7 feet
long, twining or
spreading over
ground
•Able to persist and
spread in all
noncultivated areas
59. Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
serecia lezpedeza Lespedeza cuneata
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•Noxious Weed
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed
prairies, pastures,
and along road
sides
60. Perennial Grass Weed Control :
reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•Noxious weed
•2-6 feet tall
•Moderate
moisture,
moist, to wet;
shores,
marshes
61. Perennial Grass Weed Control :
johngrass Sorghum holepense
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
•Noxious weed
•1-1/2 to 6 feet or
•more tall
•Found in
overflow
bottoms and
disturbed sites
62. Resources for Maintenance of
Stormwater Management BMPs
• “Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional
Commission, January 2007
• “Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public
Utilities, 2005
• “Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009
• “Georgia Stormwater Management Manual, Volume 2: Technical Handbook”, August 2001, Appendix E & F
• “Missouri Pond Handbook”, Missouri Dept of Conservation 2008
• “Aquatic Plants and Their Control”, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative
Extension Service 2005
• “Horticulture Report: Buffalo Grass Lawns” (MF 658), Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and
Cooperative Extensive Service, Sept 2001
• “Stormwater Treatment: Assessment and Maintenance”, University of Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Laboratory
2010 (http://stormwaterbook.safl.umn.edu/)
• “Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011