1. Overview of Organic Chemistry

2. Organic Compounds in Daily Life Can you identify organic compounds from this picture?  Road surface (bitumen) Fuel in car Tyres

4. Organic compounds are compounds that contain the element Carbon (C).

5. Most organic compounds also contain hydrogen (H).

7. Some Real Life Incidents In Singapore (NE ISSUES) Q: Why do you think Singapore imposed very harsh measure to control pollution of our air and the environment?

9. How Do We Classify Organic Compounds The table below shows 4 homologous series, their functional groups and their general formula we will learn in this topic of Organic Chemistry. n refers to the number of carbon atoms

10. Naming Organic Compounds The table below shows 4 homologous series, their functional groups and their general formula we will learn in this topic of Organic Chemistry.

11. Question Time 2! Q: Where do you use/find alkanes in everyday life?

13. Complete this task in 2 minutes.Your Group Task: As a group, come up with a mnemonic for memorizing the prefixes for the first four alkanes (methane, ethane, propane, butane). My Version: Mike Eats Peanut Butter Disclaimer: Best group will get a special present from me!

14. Interactive Activity: ChemSketch Molecular Modelling Time to learn more about the physical properties of alkanes!

15. ChemSketch Molecular Modelling Activity (30Mins) In your groups of 5, you are to: Complete your individual worksheet by working together as a group to think about the questions and answering the questions. The complete worksheet must be submitted at the end of the lesson. Follow the instructions in the worksheet. Raise your hand to ask for assistance if your group encounters any problems or in doubt. Have Fun!! 

16. Reflection: ChemSketch Molecular Modelling Activity You have learnt 7 important concepts: How to draw 2D structural formula for Alkanes (C1-C5) and Alkenes (C2-C4) Derived the general formula of Alkanes CnH2n+2 Derived the general formula of Alkenes CnH2n Alkanes are saturated (contains single C-C) Alkenes are unsaturated (contains C=C) As the no. of carbon atoms increases, the physical properties show a gradual change (m.p., b.p., state at r.t.p.) Isomerism starts from butane, how to draw isomers of butane and understand the term isomerism.

17. Chemical Properties of Alkanes

20. Alkanes are rather unreactive; they not react with most chemicals.

21. However, they undergo 2 main types of reaction:Alkanes

22. Combustion Reaction (2 Types) Complete Combustion Incomplete Combustion

24. Alkanes burn in a plentiful supply of air to release energy (this is why they are used as fuels).Gas supplied here refers to Alkanes !! Recall your Bunsen Burner..

26. Combustion (Complete) Lets break it down frame by frame: Methane gas (CH4) exits from the mouth the Bunsen Burner and mixes with the oxygen gas (O2) in the atmosphere A flame is placed near the mouth of the Bunsen Burner.

27. Combustion (Complete) Lets break it down frame by frame: Methane gas (CH4) burnsin oxygen gas (O2) in the surrounding atmosphere (process: combustion) The products of the combustion are CO2 and H2O. Complete combustion  Blue, non-luminous flame !

28. Combustion (Complete) Writing A Balanced Equation : Complete Combustion of Methane Word Equation: Methane(g) + Oxygen(g)  Carbon dioxide(g) + Water(l) + Heat Note: Heat is always evolved from the combustion. In the following equations, I will omit it for clarity. Chemical Equation: Step 1: CH4(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(l) [Write the chemical equation] Step 2:CH4(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) [Balance the equation] How to Balance Combustion Reactions: Balance the carbon atoms Balance the hydrogen atoms If you need an odd number of Oxygens, double all coefficients _____ C4H10 + _____O2 __4___CO2 + _____H2O _____ C4H10 + _____O2 __4___CO2 + ___5__H2O Need 13 oxygen atoms – so give O2, coefficient of 13 and double all other coefficients ___2__ C4H10 + __13___O2 __8___CO2 + __10___H2O

34. Substitution Reaction Substitution Reactions of Methane (CH4) and Chlorine (Cl2)

36. For example:

40. Bunsen Burner Shockwave Flash Animation and Pictures: http://msbeaker.blogspot.com/2010/11/burnt-toast.html Pictures from Slides 5: http://teamseagrass.blogspot.com/2010/05/massive-oil-spill-off-changi-east.html Pictures from Slides 6: http://library.thinkquest.org/3616/chem/periodic.gif Pictures from Slides 8 & 9: ‘O’ Level Science Chemistry by Tan Yin Toon pg. 193 Pictures from Slide 10: http://hexen.fushyumang.com/en/promotions/assests/shell.jpg Pictures from Slide 31: http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0300075979.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg References