P1 How to speak chinese in 10 hours -S01-S76 basic abc

What’s the callings for Chinese or Mandarin?
Putong Hua
Han Yu
Hua Yu
Zhong Wen

Presented by LegooMandarin.com

3



Chinese is a pictorial language:

人 Rén People


4



It’s an abstract art

行 Xíng walk; travel:


5



No alphabet but have Component Part
(Radicals)

字 zì is made of by 宀 roof & 子zi


son

6





There are around 204 radicals, but the most
20 common radicals account 51% of Chinese
Characters.

www.legoomandarin.com

See
free blogs for more details.


7



Chinese Characters-汉字Hànzì are made by
strokes, which will follow it order and
directions.

字 zì Chinese Character

8




Three Attributes – SMS
Shape Meaning Sound

Shape

Meaning

Sound

字

Words

zì


9




One SOUND Related many CHARACTERS
One character can have many meanings

大
da

达
打
答
搭

Dà

1 (形) big; large; great
2 (形) heavy; strong:
3 (形) loud:
4 (形) of age:
5 (形) eldest:
6 (形) main; major; general:
7 (形) of size:
8 (形) [ used to give force to a
time word or expression]:
9 (副) greatly; fully; in a big way;
on a large scale:
10 [used after 不 to indicate low
degree or frequency]

Dá
。。。

Dǎ

25
meanings!!!!

Dá
。。

Dā

。。。

10



A single Character may have many meanings.


11


12








Characters ( mostly two, some one, some 3 or
4) form a Phrase, which meaning is more
clear.
Phrase is similar to WORD in English.
For beginner, try to remember the Phrase.
If can, try to look at the汉字Hànzì , which still
contains information.


13

Pinyin is made of initials (consonants) and finals (vowels):
The initials (consonants):

•b
•d
•g
•j
• zh
•z

p
t
k
q
ch
c

m
n
h
x
sh
s

f
l

r


14



Finals (vowels): (simple form):

a
i

 ai
 an

 ang

o
u
ei
en
eng

e
ü
ao
in
ing

ou
ong


15



Combined 21 Initials and 39 Finals,
& Four Tones


16



Different Tone may have different meaning:

妈
麻
马
骂

Mā

Mom

Má

Flax

Mǎ

Horse

Mà

Scold


17




温
闻
吻
问

Wēn

Warm

Wén

Smell

Wěn

Kiss

Wèn

Ask


18




方
房
访
放

Fāng

Square

Fáng

House

Fǎng

Visit

Fàng

Put


19




七
骑
起
气

Qī

Seven

Qí

Ride

Qǐ

Rise up

Qì

Angry


20


21

Final

a

o

b

ba

p

e

er

ai

ei

bo

bai

bei

pa

po

pai

pei

m

ma

mo

mai

mei

f

fa

fo

d

da

de

dai

t

ta

te

tai

n

na

ne

nai

nei

l

la

le

lai

lei

g

ga

ge

gai

gei

k

ka

ke

kai

kei

h

ha

he

hai

hei

Initial

me

fei


dei

22





Chinese sentence order is subject-verb-object
like English
the adjective is put in front of a noun.

我吃

饭。

Wǒ
I

fàn
rice (meal).

chī
eat

我吃白饭。
Wǒ
I

chī
eat

bái
white

fàn
rice.

23

WHO
Subject
I

DO
Verb
drink

WHAT.
Object
tea.

我

喝

茶。

Wǒ

hē

chá


24

WHO
Subject
I

我

WHENWHERE
DO
WHAT.
Time
Location
Verb Object
today
at
home drink tea.

今天在家喝茶。

wǒ
jīn tiān
zài
I drink tea at home today

jiā

hē


chá

25

SOMEWHERE
car above

HAS
has

SOMETHING.
people.

车上

有

人

chē shang

yǒu

rén

There is people on the car.


26

Or
HAVE SOMETHING
Has
People

AT
at

有

在车上。

yǒu

人
rén

zài

SOMEWHERE
car above

chē shang .

There is people on the car.


27







The grammar is very simple and straight
forward.
Most notably, Chinese grammar does not
have conjugation, tenses, gender, plurals or
other grammatical rules in other major
languages such as English, French or Arabic.
The tense are expressed with adverbs or
tense indicators:


28

I

cook meal.

Wǒ

zuò

我做饭。
fàn.

I am cooking meal.

我在做饭。
Wǒ
I

zài

zuò
cook

fàn
rice.

在zài or (正在Zhèngzài) is placed infront of a verb to indicate an
action is in progress.


29

我做了饭。
Wǒ
I




zuò le
fàn.
cook (ed) rice. (Lit)

Literature (Lit) is direct translation. Or you call it
BET –Broken English Translation
“了le” is used after a verb or adjective to indicate
completion of work or change


30

I cooked rice aleady.
I
already cook (ed)

我已经
Wǒ

yǐ jīng

做了饭
zuò

le

rice. (lit)
fàn.


31

The plurals are also expressed by adding
characters as indicators if need.
We/us

Wǒmen

You (pl)

Nǐmen

They/them

Tāmen

我们
你们
他们

们men

is used after a personal noun or a
noun to show plural number


32

My

Wǒ de

Your(s)

Nǐ de

His/her(s)

Tā de/tā de

Our(s)

Wǒmen de

Your(s)

Nǐmen de

Their(s)

Tāmen de

David’s

Dà wèi de

我的
你的
他的/她的
我们的
你们的
他们的
大卫的

33

1

Yī

2

Èr

3

Sān

4

Sì

5

Wǔ

6

Liù

7

Qī

8

Bā

9

Jiǔ

10

Shí

0

Líng

一
二
三
四
五
六
七
八
九
十
零

34

My air ticket

Wǒ de jīpiào

Your child

Nǐ de háizi

My house

Wǒ de jiā

Your car

Nǐ de jū

Your dad

Nǐ bàba

My younger brother

Wǒ dìdì

我的机票
你的孩子
我的家
你的车

你爸爸
我弟弟

35

11

Shí yī

12

Shí èr

20

Èr shí

21

Èr shí yī

30

Sān shí

90

Jiǔ shí

99

Jiǔ shí jiǔ

十一
十二
二十
二十一
三十
九十
九十九

36

100

Yī bǎi

101

Yī bǎi líng yī

110

Yī bǎi yī shí

111

Yī bǎi yī shí yī

120

Yī bǎi èr shí

199

Yī bǎi jiǔ shí jiǔ

200

Èr bǎi

300

Sān bǎi

一百
一百零一
一百一十
一百一十一
一百二十
一百九十九
二百
三百


37

1000

Qiān

1000

Yī qiān

9999
10,000

Jiǔ qiān jiǔ bǎi jiǔ
shí jiǔ
Wàn

10,000

Yī wàn

Million

Bǎi wàn

Ten million

Qiān wàn

A hundred of
million
One billion

Yì

亿

Shí yì

十亿

千
一千
九千九百九十九
万
一万
百万
千万


38

[ prefix for ordinal numbers]

Dì

第

The first

Dì yī

第一

The second

Dì èr

The Third

Dì sān

...

…

第二
第三


…

39

January

Yī yuè

February

Èr yuè

March

Sān yuè

April

Sì yuè

May

Wǔ yuè

June

Liù yuè

July

Qī yuè

August

Bā yuè

September

Jiǔ yuè

October

Shíyuè

November

Shí yī yuè

December

Shí èr yuè

一月
二月
三月
四月
五月
六月
七月
八月
九月
十月
十一月
十二月

1st Month
2nd Month
3rd Month

……

40

Week

Xīng qí

Monday

Xīng qí yī

Tuesday

Xīng qí èr

Wednesday

Xīng qí sān

Thursday

Xīng qí sì

Friday

Xīng qí wǔ

Saturday

Xīng qí liù

Sunday

Xīng qí rì

Sunday

Xīng qí tiān

星期
星期一
星期二
星期三
星期四
星期五
星期六
星期日
星期天

Week day one
Week day two
Week day three
Week day four
Week day five
Week day six
Week day sun

Week day (day)


41

Year:
Month;

Yuè

Date

Rì

Date

Hào

Day

年
月
日
号
天

Nián

Tiān

2013 年 7 月 23 日
2013 Nián 7 yuè

From BIG to
SMALL!

23 rì

42

The year before last

Qián nián

Last year.

Qù nián

This year

Jīn nián

Next year

Míng nián

Year after

Hòu nián

前年
去年
今年
明年
后年


43

The day before
yesterday

Qián tiān

前天

Yesterday

Zuó tiān

Today:

Jīn tiān

Tomorrow.

Míng tiān

Day after tomorrow

Hòu tiān

昨天
今天
明天
后天


44

Morning

Zǎo chen

Early morning

Zǎo shang

Forenoon; morning

Shàng wǔ

Noon; midday

Zhōng wǔ

Afternoon

Xià wǔ

Eveving; night :

Wǎn shàng

Night

Yè wǎn

Night

Hēi yè

早晨
早上
上午
中午
下午
晚上
夜晚
黑夜


45

Before; formerly;
previously:

Yǐ qián

以前

Now; today; at present

Xiàn zài

现在

After; afterwards; later;
Yǐ hòu
hereafter:

以后

Last time

Shàng cì

Next time

Xià cì

上次
下次


46

Hour

Xiǎo shí

One Hour

Yī gè xiǎo shí

two hours

Liǎng gè xiǎo shí

O'Clock

Diǎn (zhōng)

One o'Clock

Yī diǎn zhōng

Two o'clock

Liǎng diǎn zhōng

小时
一个小时
两个小时
点（钟）
一点钟
两点钟


47

Minute

Fēn (zhōng)

One minute

Yī fēn (zhōng)

分（钟）
一分（钟）

5:10

Wǔ diǎn shí fēn

五点十分

10 Pass Five

Wǔ diǎn guò shí fēn

五点过十分

10 Minutes to Five

Chà shí fēn wǔ diǎn

差十分五点


48

This

Zhè

That

Nà

This one

Zhège

That one

Nàgè

These

Zhèxiē

Those

Nàxiē


这
那
这个
那个
这些
那些
49

Who:

Shuí

Whose

Shuí de

What

Shén me

When

Shén me shí hou

谁
谁的
什么
什么时候

What time

Shén me shí jiān

什么时间

Why; Why (or how) is it
Wèi shé me
that
Zěn yàng
How
What is to be done?

Zěn me bàn

为什么
怎样
怎么办
50

Which; what

Nǎ

Where

Nǎ lǐ

Where

Nǎ er

Which one

Nǎ ge rén

Which day

Nǎ tiān

Which year

Nǎ nián

Which month

Nǎ ge yuè

How many; how
much:

Duō shǎo

哪
哪里
哪儿
哪个人
哪天
哪年
哪个月
多少


51

Do you have?

Yǒu méi yǒu

有没有

Yes or no? Isn't it?

Shì bù shì

是不是

Can or can not? Can …?

Néng bù néng

能不能

Can or can not? Can …?

Kě yǐ bù kě yǐ

可以不可以

Do …? (indicator of
question)

... ... Ma?

... ...吗？


52

East:

Dōng

West

Xi

South

Nán

North:

Běi

Centre; middle:

Zhōng

东
西
南
北
中


53

Southeast

Dōng nán

Northeast

Dōng běi

Southwest

Xī nán

Northwest

Xī běi

东南
东北
西南
西北


54

Upper; upward; up

Shàng

Down; under; below:

Xià

The left; the left side

Zuǒ

The right side; the right

Yòu

上
下
左
右

55

Front:

Qián

Behind; at the back:

Hòu

In; inside;

Lǐ

Outside :

Wài

前
后
里
外

56

“to Be” “是shi ”, which is universal for : is, am,
are, was, were.
Eg. I’m a
doctor.

我是
wǒ
I

shì
am

医生。
yī shēng
doctor. (Lit:)


57

But the verb “是shi” is only followed by a noun.

I’m thirsty.

我渴了。

(Lit:) I

wǒ
kě
thirsty.

Or

我很渴。
wǒ
I

le .

hěn kě
very thirsty.


58

(Lit:)

I

very happy

我很高兴。
wǒ

hěn gāo xìng


59

Are you hungry?
(Lit): You hungry

你饿
Nǐ

è

(indicator of question)

吗？
ma?

(Lit) hungry
Yes.

饿
è


60

(Lit)

No.
Not hungry

不饿
Bú

è


61

Are you leaving tomorrow?
(Lit)

You tomorrow

walk; leave (indicator of question)

你明天走
Nǐ

míng tiān

zǒu

吗？

ma?


62

Yes, I am.
(Lit) Correct,

tomorrow

walk; leave

Duì,

míngtiān

zǒu.

对，

Or
(Lit) Yes,

是，
Shì,

明天

走。

tomorrow

walk; leave

míngtiān

zǒu.

明天

走。


63

No, I’m not.

(Lit) No

不,
Bù,

tomorrow not leave

明天不走。
míng

tiān

bù

zǒu.


64

Are you British?

你是英国人
Nǐ shì
You are

yīng guó rén
UK
people

吗？
ma?

(indicator of question)?

Yes, I am British.

是我是英国人。

Shì, wǒ shì
(Lit) Yes, I
am

yīng guó
UK

rén.
people.


65

No, I am French

不是，我是法国人。

Bùshì,
(Lit) No,

wǒ
I

shì
am

fàguó
France


rén.
people.

66

Are you free today?
(Lit)

You

today

have free time

?

yǒu

ma?

你今天有空吗？
Nǐ

jīn tiān

kòng


67

Yes, I have.
(Lit)

Have,

I

today

have free time

jīn tiān

yǒu

有我今天
Yǒu, wǒ

有空。


kòng

68

No, I don’t have
(Lit)

No have

I

today no have

free time

Méi yǒu,

wǒ

jīn tiān méi

kōng.

没有，我今天没


空。

69

or
you can just say

有

Yǒu have;

or

没有

Méiyǒu

don’t have

to answer the 有 Yǒu or
type of questions.

没有 Méiyǒu


70

A Tip:
Most oral Chinese sentences are
not full sentence according to
English grammar. Chinese
sentences are short (or concise) and
straight forward.
Chinese is the simplest language!!!

71

Do you have any things to do today?

(Lit)

You

today

have

matter

yǒu

shì

你今天有事
Nǐ

jīn tiān


吗？
ma?

Or just say:

没

méi
no, don’t have

72

Do you have coffee?
(Lit)

Have coffee


有咖啡吗？
Yǒu

kā

fēi

ma?


73

Yes, I have.

有

(Lit)

Yǒu
have
No, I don’t have.

没有
(Lit)

méi
no

yǒu
have.

74

Do you want some tea?
(Lit)

Want tea


Yào

ma?

要茶吗？
chá


75

Yes

要

(Lit)

Yào
Want

No,

I don’t want

(Lit)

No

want

Bú

yào.

不

要


76



Let’s begin to tally how many sentences can
you speak:

1. Hello
Lit:

You

good

Nǐ

hǎo

你好!

77

2

Thank you

谢谢
Xiè

xie

3 You're welcome
Lit

No

polite

Bú

kè qì

不

客气

78

客

Kè

visitor; guest

 客气 Kè qì polite; courteous:
 客人 Kè rén

visitor; guest

 不客气

Bú kè qì (in reply to one's
thanks) you're welcome; don't mention it; not
at all

79

4

I am sorry

对不起
Duì bù qǐ

5

Never mind

没关系

Méi guān xì


80

6

Goodbye

Lit

Again see

再见
Zài

7

jiàn

见

See you tomorrow

Tomorrow

see

明天见
Míng

tiān

1 see; catch sight of:
2 meet with; be exposed to:

jiàn


81

9 How are you?
Lit:

You

good

?

Nǐ

hǎo

used at the end of a
declarative sentence
to transform it into a
question.

ma?

你好吗？吗
呢

9

used at the end of an
interrogative sentence.

I'm fine, thank you, How about you?

Lit:

I

very

good.

Wǒ

hěn

hǎo,

我很好，

Thanks.

You ?

谢谢，你呢？
xiè xiè,


nǐ

ne?

82

P1 How to speak chinese in 10 hours -S01-S76 basic abc

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