This is sort presentation about How to build High Availability Website with apache and mysql in linux

1. With IP Failover, Heartbeat, Pacemaker on Ubuntu Server
Presented by Ali Rachman
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 1

2. High Availability
High Availability mengacu kepada suatu praktek untuk menjaga agar
resource yang ada tetap online atau tersedia karena disebabkan oleh
kegagalan suatu node atau sistem
Panduan kali ini, menunjukkan suatu metode untuk menggunakan dua
linode untuk menjaga suatu website tetap online. Bahkan ketika node
primary dimatikan.
Pada prakteknya, akan menggunakan metode IP
Failover, Heartbeat, Pacemaker dan Apache
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 2

3. Catatan :
1. Metode yang digunakan mungkin tidak sesuai dengan beberapa kasus
High Availability yang ada.
2. Diharapkan metode yang digunakan dalam praktek ini bisa memberikan
gambaran yang jelas tentang HA guna pengembangan di kasus-kasus
yang lain.
3. Konfigurasi yang ada dalam metode ini hanya bekerja untuk situs yang
statis
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 3

4. Terminology :
1. Basic system configuration
2. Assign Static IP Address
3. Install require Packages
4. Configure Apache 2
5. Configure Heartbeat
6. Configure Cluster Resources
7. Monitor Cluster Resource
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 4

5. Konfigurasi yang digunakan
:
1. HA1  Primary Linode
2. HA2  Secondary Linode
3. 12.34.56.78  Static IP untuk Primary Linode
4. 98.76.54.32  Static IP untuk Secondary Linode
5. 44.44.44.44  “floating” IP
6. 4321  password untuk authentifikasi
7. Tes.ams.id  contoh website yang akan di bangun
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 5

6. Basic System Configuration
:
Login dengan ssh ke primary linode
Edit /etc/hosts dan isi sesuai di bawah :
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
12.34.56.78 ha1.ams.id ha1
98.76.54.32 ha2.ams.id ha2
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 6

7. Basic System Configuration
:
Ssh host key syncronization
Ssh host key syncronization ini digunakan untuk mensinkronisasikan login
antar dua linode yang berbeda
Lakukan hal berikut dari primary linode :
ssh-keygen -t rsa
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@ha2:/root/ha1_key.pub
ssh root@ha2 "ssh-keygen -t rsa"
ssh root@ha2 "echo `cat ~/ha1_key.pub` >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2"
ssh root@ha2 "rm ~/ha1_key.pub"
scp root@ha2:/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /root
cat ~/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2
rm ~/id_rsa.pub
scp /etc/ssh/ssh_host* root@ha2:/etc/ssh/
rm ~/.ssh/known_hosts
ssh root@ha2 "/etc/init.d/ssh restart"
scp /etc/hosts root@ha2:/etc/hosts
echo "ha1" > /etc/hostname
hostname -F /etc/hostname
ssh root@ha2 "echo "ha2" > /etc/hostname"
ssh root@ha2 "hostname -F /etc/hostname"
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 7

8. Assign Static IP Address :
Primary Linode :
Edit /etc/network/interfaces :
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 12.34.56.78
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 12.34.56.1
Secondary Linode :
/etc/init.d/networking restart
Edit /etc/network/interfaces :
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 98.76.54.32
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 09.76.54.1
/etc/init.d/networking restart
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 8

9. Install Required Packages :
Primary Linode :
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install heartbeat pacemaker apache2
/etc/init.d/apache2 stop
update-rc.d -f apache2 remove
mkdir -p /srv/www/ams.id/tes/public_html
mkdir /srv/www/ams.id/tes/logs
ssh root@ha2 "apt-get update"
ssh root@ha2 "apt-get upgrade"
ssh root@ha2 "apt-get install heartbeat pacemaker apache2"
ssh root@ha2 "/etc/init.d/apache2 stop"
ssh root@ha2 "update-rc.d -f apache2 remove"
ssh root@ha2 "mkdir -p /srv/www/ams.id/tes/public_html"
ssh root@ha2 "mkdir /srv/www/ams.id/tes/logs"
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 9

10. Configure Apache2 :
Primary Linode :
Edit /etc/apache2/ports.conf :
NameVirtualHost 44.44.44.44:80
Listen 80
Buat file untuk website tes.ams.id yang akan dibuat HA :
Edit /etc/apache2/sites-available/tes.ams.id :
<VirtualHost 44.44.44.44:80>
ServerAdmin support@ams.id
ServerName tes.ams.id
DocumentRoot /srv/www/ams.id/tes/public_html/
ErrorLog /srv/www/ams.id/tes/logs/error.log
CustomLog /srv/www/ams.id/tes/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 10

11. Configure Apache2 :
Primary Linode :
Lakukan perintah berikut :
<VirtualHost 44.44.44.44:80>
ServerAdmin support@ams.id
ServerName tes.ams.id
DocumentRoot /srv/www/ams.id/tes/public_html/
ErrorLog /srv/www/ams.id/tes/logs/error.log
CustomLog /srv/www/ams.id/tes/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Buat tes page di primary :
Buat file di /srv/www/ams.id/tes/public_html/index.html :
<html>
<head>
<title>Test page served from ha1</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Test page served from ha1</h1>
</body>
</html>
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 11

12. Configure Apache2 :
Secondary Linode :
Buat tes page di secondary :
Buat file di /srv/www/ams.id/tes/public_html/index.html :
<html>
<head>
<title>Test page served from ha2</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Test page served from ha2</h1>
</body>
</html>
Primary Linode :
Lakukan hal berikut untuk meng-enable site :
a2ensite tes.ams.id
ssh root@ha2 "a2ensite tes.ams.id"
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 12

13. Configure Heartbeat :
Primary Linode :
Edit /etc/heartbeat/ha.cf :
logfacility daemon
keepalive 2
deadtime 15
warntime 5
initdead 120
udpport 694
ucast eth0 98.76.54.32
auto_failback on
node ha1
node ha2
use_logd yes
crm respawn
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 13

14. Configure Heartbeat :
Secondary Linode :
Edit /etc/heartbeat/ha.cf :
logfacility daemon
keepalive 2
deadtime 15
warntime 5
initdead 120
udpport 694
ucast eth0 12.34.56.78
auto_failback on
node ha1
node ha2
use_logd yes
crm respawn
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 14

15. Configure Heartbeat :
Primary Linode :
Edit /etc/heartbeat/authkeys :
auth 1
1 sha1 4321
Lakukan perintah berikut :
chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
/etc/init.d/heartbeat start
scp /etc/ha.d/authkeys root@ha2:/etc/ha.d/
ssh root@ha2 "chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys"
ssh root@ha2 "/etc/init.d/heartbeat start"
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 15

16. Configure Cluster
Resources :
Primary Linode :
Lakukan perintah berikut :
export EDITOR=/bin/nano
echo "export EDITOR=/bin/nano" >> .bashrc
Secondary Linode :
Lakukan perintah berikut :
export EDITOR=/bin/nano
echo "export EDITOR=/bin/nano" >> .bashrc
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 16

17. Configure Cluster
Resources :
Primary Linode :
Lakukan perintah berikut :
crm configure edit
Akan tampil seperti berikut :
node $id="285a1261-9066-45de-97ac-04b13e5a1f6c" ha1
node $id="b4fbb893-55d6-4a33-81fb-34f8d010df7f" ha2
property $id="cib-bootstrap-options"
dc-version="1.0.8-
042548a451fce8400660f6031f4da6f0223dd5dd"
cluster-infrastructure="Heartbeat"
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 17

18. Configure Cluster
Resources :
Primary Linode :
Insert perintah berikut di antara baris kedua setelah “node” dengan
“property” :
primitive apache2 lsb:apache2
op monitor interval="5s"
primitive ip1 ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2
params ip=“44.44.44.44" nic="eth0:0"
primitive ip1arp ocf:heartbeat:SendArp
params ip=“44.44.44.44" nic="eth0:0"
group WebServices ip1 ip1arp apache2
colocation apache_with_ip inf: apache2 ip1
colocation web_with_ip inf: ip1 ip1arp
order arp_after_ip inf: ip1:start ip1arp:start
order web_after_arp inf: ip1arp:start apache2:start
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 18

19. Configure Cluster
Resources :
Primary Linode :
Tambahkan “expected-quorum-votes”, “stonith-enabled” dan “no-
quorum-policy”, dan jangan lupa menambahkan “” setelah “cluster-
infrastructure” sehingga seperti berikut :
property $id="cib-bootstrap-options"
dc-version="1.0.8-042548a451fce8400660f6031f4da6f0223dd5dd"
cluster-infrastructure="Heartbeat"
expected-quorum-votes="1"
stonith-enabled="false"
no-quorum-policy="ignore"
Tambahkan baris berikut setelah “property” section :
rsc_defaults $id="rsc-options"
resource-stickiness="100"
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 19

20. Configure Cluster
Resources :
Primary Linode :
Konfigurasi komplitnya akan seperti ini :
node $id="285a1261-9066-45de-97ac-04b13e5a1f6c" ha1
node $id="b4fbb893-55d6-4a33-81fb-34f8d010df7f" ha2
primitive apache2 lsb:apache2
op monitor interval="5s"
primitive ip1 ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2
params ip=“44.44.44.44" nic="eth0:0"
primitive ip1arp ocf:heartbeat:SendArp
params ip=“44.44.44.44" nic="eth0:0"
group WebServices ip1 ip1arp apache2
colocation apache_with_ip inf: apache2 ip1
colocation web_with_ip inf: ip1 ip1arp
order arp_after_ip inf: ip1:start ip1arp:start
order web_after_arp inf: ip1arp:start apache2:start
property $id="cib-bootstrap-options"
dc-version="1.0.8-042548a451fce8400660f6031f4da6f0223dd5dd"
cluster-infrastructure="Heartbeat"
expected-quorum-votes="1"
stonith-enabled="false"
no-quorum-policy="ignore"
rsc_defaults $id="rsc-options"
resource-stickiness="100"
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 20

21. Monitor Cluster Resources :
Untuk memonitor clusternya gunakan perintah crm_mon
dan outputnya akan seperti :
============
Last updated: Mon Jun 28 16:59:06 2010
Stack: Heartbeat
Current DC: ha2 (b4fbb893-55d6-4a33-81fb-34f8d010df7f) - partition with quorum
Version: 1.0.8-042548a451fce8400660f6031f4da6f0223dd5dd
2 Nodes configured, 1 expected votes
1 Resources configured.
============
Online: [ ha1 ha2 ]
Resource Group: WebServices
ip1 (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started ha1
ip1arp (ocf::heartbeat:SendArp): Started ha1
apache2 (lsb:apache2): Started ha1
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 21

22. Monitor Cluster Resources :
Untuk memindahkan services ke HA2 gunakan perintah berikut :
crm resource move WebServices ha2
Sebaliknya untuk mengembalikan services ke HA1 gunakan perintah
berikut :
crm resource move WebServices ha1
Annual Meeting TS, 7-9 Maret 2012 22