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Dr. Alvin Fox Antibiotics affecting the cell envelope

Key Words Sterilization/disinfection/antisepsis Vancomycin Antibiotic beta lactam Selective toxicity Penicillins Bactericidal Cephalosporins/cephamycins Bacteriostatic Monobactam Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) Clavulinic acid Susceptibility testing Polymyxin B Penicillin binding proteins Isoniazid Penicillinase/beta lactamase Ethioniamide Autolysins Ethambutol Cycloserine Resistance Bacitracin

STERILIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object]

Sterilization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Membrane filters pores bacteria

Disinfection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Antiseptics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ANTIBIOTICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Antibiotics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Antibiotics work together with immune system

Minimal inhibitory concentration ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cross-linking of peptidoglycan Old New

Peptidoglycan synthesis Cytoplasm Cell wall undecaprenol sugar amino acid Cell Membrane

Cycloserine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cycloserine Analog of alanine X Cytoplasm sugar amino acid X X X

TRANSPORT OF PEPTIGOGLYCAN SUBUNIT ACROSS MEMBRANE Cell membrane undecaprenol P P Cell wall

TRANSPORT OF PEPTIGOGLYCAN SUBUNIT ACROSS MEMBRANE Cell membrane undecaprenol P Cell wall P

MINUS BACITRACIN Cell membrane undecaprenol P Cell wall TRANSPORT OF PEPTIGOGLYCAN SUBUNIT ACROSS MEMBRANE

PLUS Bacitracin Cell membrane undecaprenol P P Cell wall TRANSPORT OF PEPTIGOGLYCAN SUBUNIT ACROSS MEMBRANE

Vancomycin Cell wall ,[object Object],[object Object],Vancomycin

Beta lactam antibiotics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Beta lactams Cell wall Penicillin binding protein ,[object Object],[object Object],Beta lactam

Site of penicillinase action. Breakage of the  lactam ring. STRUCTURE OF PENICILLIN C NH CH CH C O O C N CH CH 3 CH 3 COOH S

Attached to lactam ring ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical modifications change biological activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Resistance mechansims ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clavulinic acid

Polymyxin B ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Ethionamide Isoniazid and Ethionamide - chemically related - blocks mycolic acid synthesis Ethambutol - blocks arabinogalactan synthesis Anti-tuberculosis drugs

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