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Dr. Alvin Fox The Bacterial Cell

Key Words Prokaryotic Outer membrane Eubacteria (Bacteria) Periplasmic space Oxidative phosphorylation Eukaryotic Spheroplast/protoplast Plasmid Flagella Chromosome Chemotaxis Ribosome Axial filament Peptidoglycan (murein, mucopeptide) Periplasmic binding protein Gram stain Permeases Gram negative Storage Granules Gram positive Pili (fimbriae) Cell envelope Capsule (slime layer, glycocalyx) Cell membrane Endospore (spore) Cell wall Archaebacteria ( Archaea )

PROKARYOTES BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYOTES

Prokaryotes (Bacteria) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eukaryotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prokaryotic Cell (versus Eukaryotic Cell) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bacteria versus Archaebacteria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bacteria versus Archaebacteria ,[object Object],[object Object]

Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Gram + Gram - Cell wall Cell (inner) membrane Outer membrane Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Granule (e.g . animal) Cell wall Nucleoid Nucleus Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Flagellum Pili

Bacteria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Cell Envelope Gram Stain Gram Positive Gram Negative

Cytoplasm Oxidative phosphorylation occurs at cell membrane (since there are no mitochondria). Cell membrane ,[object Object],[object Object],Cell Wall

GRAM POSITIVE GRAM NEGATIVE Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Lipoteichoic acid Peptidoglycan-teichoic acid Cytoplasmic membrane Inner (cytoplasmic) membrane Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharide Porin Braun lipoprotein Periplasmic space

Outer Membrane ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GRAM NEGATIVE CELL ENVELOPE Cytoplasm Inner (cytoplasmic) membrane Outer Membrane (Major permeability barrier) Lipopolysaccharide Porin Braun lipoprotein Periplasmic space Degradative enzyme Periplasmic binding protein Permease

GRAM POSITIVE CELL ENVELOPE Cytoplasm Lipoteichoic acid Peptidoglycan-teichoic acid Cytoplasmic membrane Degradative enzyme

FLAGELLA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Axial filaments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Making Wall-less forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Naturally Wall-less Genus ,[object Object]

Pili (fimbriae) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Capsules and slime layers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Endospores (spores) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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