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The Sweetwater Seas

   By: Lauren Pollard
Want to find out how GREAT our Great Lakes are?
Click on a lake and explore it’s secrets!


                    Superior

                                               Ontario
                                  Huron
 Michigan
                                            Erie
Erie                   Water Pollution:
                       In the 1960’s Erie
                       became infamous for
                       water pollution due to
Facts                  the nutrition
                       phosphates and lake
 It’s the smallest    bottom sediments. In
of the Great Lakes     1972 the US passed the
It’s exposed to the   Clean Water Act to help
greatest effects of    reduce the amount of
                       pollution in Erie.
Urbanization and
Agriculture            Click HERE for an
                       experiment to test the
The drainage basin    water pollution in Erie
off Lake Erie is       today!
intensely farmed
Erie Water Pollution Experiment



   Step 1: Take Temperature of Water

                                       Click HERE to see
                                       the temperature
                                       we read at 30 ft
                                       below the surface.




                                                 E
Erie Water Pollution Experiment




                     55⁰ F

 Continue to the next slide.      E
Now we need to measure the pH levels of Lake Erie.

pH levels range on a scale of 0-14, 0 being high   in acids, and 14 being high in bases.
Seven is perfectly neutral, and is the pH level that pure water should have.


                                                              Depending on what
                                                              color the strip turns
                                                              and by using the key
                                                              given on the bottle, we
                                                              can determine the pH
                                                              level of lake Erie.




               An easy way to test the pH level, is to use
               a testing strip that looks like this


    Click the arrow to the right to continue
                                                                               E
Water Pollution Experiment



              In this test tube, we have collected a sample of Lake
              Erie’s water taken at 30   ft below the surface.

                Take one of the pH testing strips, and place    it in the
                tube, leaving some of the strip sticking out.

                Leave it in there for about an hour, before reading   the
                results.



     Let’s continue to our pH results. Click HERE!


                                                                      E
Water Pollution Experiment



                                                              Base




                 This is the result of our strip,
                 what level does it match
                 on the scale? What do these
                                                              Neutral
                 results mean?




          Click the arrow to the right to continue with
                                                              Acid
          our experiment as we test the turbidity.


                                                          E
Water Pollution Experiment

Measuring the Turbidity of Lake Erie

What is Turbidity?
It’s the amount of particulate matter that is in water. Turbidity measures the
scattering effect that different materials have on light. The higher the intensity of the
scattering of light, the higher the turbidity. Materials that causes water to be turbid include:
Clay
Silt
Organic and Inorganic matter
Colored organic compounds
Plankton
Microscopic Organisms

Turbidity makes the water cloudy or opaque. It’s measured by
shining light through the water and is reported in turbidity units.

 Click the arrow to the right to continue.
                                                                                E
Water Pollution Experiment



   Let’s measure the Turbidity of the sample of water we collected from Lake
   Eerie, at a depth of 30 ft!

                             We’ll use a Turbidity Meter
                             to do this.



                                           Click HERE for our results!




                                                                  E
Water Pollution Experiment




                             The Turbidity
                             of our water
                             sample is 410
                             NTU.
  Click the arrow to the right to continue to the next step:
  measuring dissolved oxygen




                                                               E
Water Pollution Experiment
                                            Oxygen levels are extremely
                                            important to the
Measuring Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Erie   ecosystem within the lake. If
                                            the levels are extremely low, it
                                            is called a Dead Zone
                                            because organisms cannot
                                            survive in an oxygen
                                            depleted area.
                                             We will use this tool, an SOD
                                             Chamber, to measure the
                                             oxygen depletion in Lake Erie
                                             by placing it in the water and
                                             allowing the water to collect
                                             inside of it.
                                              Click HERE to see our results!




                                                                  E
Water Pollution Experiment:




    Oxygen Depletion Level:
    3.01 MG 02/L/MO
      With a level this low, central Lake Erie is considered a Dead Zone.




Click the arrow to the right to continue to the final stage of
our experiment: measuring hardness of the water.



                                                                            E
Water Pollution Experiment:


Hardness:
The amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium
determines its “hardness”.




  This map shows the hardness
  levels within the United
  States.



    We’re going to use a kit
    to measure the
    hardness of the water
    in our sample.


Click HERE to see our results.

                                                E
Water Pollution Experiment:




            Hardness:
            10 Grains.

Click the arrow to the right so that we can put our data together
and determine the water quality of Lake Erie.



                                                                    E
Water Pollution Experiment



   Experiment                       Results                           Through the analysis
                                                                      of our data, we can
   Temperature                      55 F                              conclude that Lake
                                                                      Erie’s water quality is
                                                                      still far from perfect
   pH Level                         3
                                                                      despite the efforts of
                                                                      the Water Quality
   Turbidity                        410 NTU
                                                                      Act.
   Oxygen Depletion Level           3.01 MG 02/L/MO

   Hardness                         10 Grains




  To learn more about what others are doing to save Lake Erie, and to see what you
  can do to help, click HERE.



                                                                           E
Superior                    FACTS:
                            •Superior is the coldest
                            and the deepest out of
                            all of the Great Lakes.
                            •It is the world’s largest
Click Here to learn about   freshwater lake
one of the most famous      •It’s name was dubbed by
Great Lake’s                the French explorers
Shipwrecks, the             meaning “Upper Lake”, and
                            was given the Indian name
Edmund Fitzgerald!
                            Kichi-gumi, meaning
                            “Great Lake”.
S
The Edmund Fitzgerald
On November 10th, 1975, somewhere between 7:20 and 7:30pm the Edmund
Fitzgerald sank about 9 miles from Whitefish Bay in Lake Superior. This shipwreck
holds the most mystery, legends, and controversy out of any in the Great Lakes
Waters.
So why did the Edmund Fitzgerald sink???
Using the tools below, explore the shipwreck, the timeline of events, and the popular
Gordon Lightfoot song to come up with your own conclusion on the final events and the
sinking of the ship.




    The SS Edmund                                                Listen to The Wreck of
   Fitzgerald online                                                  the Edmund

                                                    S                  Fitzgerald
Ontario                   FACTS:
                          •It has the highest ratio of watershed
                          area to lake area.
                          •Approximately 80% of the water flowing in
                          Lake Ontario comes from Lake    Erie
Click Here to take a
                          through the Niagara     Falls
tour around
                          •93% of the water leaves through the St.
Niagara Falls,            Lawrence River, the other 7%
learn about its           through evaporation.
history, daredevils
who tangoed with its
waters and pictures
of the beautiful falls.
Niagara Falls                                                O
Niagara Falls is located between the United       States and
Canada and is one of Americas most monumental natural
features. Click on one of the four topics before to learn more
about the falls, their history, their splendor and their beauty!




History          Daredevils           Map            Pictures
History                                                                                Efforts are currently
                                                                                       going on to harness
  Wisconsin                                                                             the natural energy
Glaciations ice                                                                        from the falls and to
 sheet carved                                                                               control the
out the Great                                                                           developments and
                                                                    Charles Ellet’s
  Lakes and                                                                               pollutions that
 Niagara Falls                                                         Niagara
                    First non-native                                                     threaten the falls
                  citing of the falls by                             Suspension
                       Champlain                                   Bridge was built




    8000             1604                              1837                1848       1920s             2009
                                           1700s
     bc



                                                   During the Carolina
                                                    affair, the rebel                 Tourism booms
                                                    supply ship was                    at the end of
                           Tourism became           burned and sent                   the war thanks
                          popular around the         over the edge                    to automobiles
                                 falls




                                                                                              O
Daredevils

                                                    1928- Jean Luster
                                                    survived the falls in a
                                                    rubber ball
1901- Annie Taylor is the first
to successfully cross the Niagara
Falls in a barrel.



                               1911- Bobby
                               Leach plunged in
                               a steal barrel and
                               broke both his
                               knee caps and his              1995- Robert Overcracker
                               jaw                            went over the falls in a jetski



                                                                                                O
Interactive Map of Niagara Falls



 Click HERE to follow a link to an
 interactive map of Niagara Falls online




                                           O
Click HERE to see pictures online




                                    O
Michigan                                      FACTS:
                                              It is the only Great Lake
                                              located entirely in the
                                              United States.
                                              The word “Michigan”
                                              was first used to describe
                                              the lake itself, before naming
                                              our state.
                                              It is the largest lake
                                              entirely in one country.

One of the most famous land marks along the
shores of Lake Michigan are the Sleeping
Bear Dunes. Click here to begin an
investigation to discover the origins of
dunes.
Sleeping Bear Dunes
The Sleeping Bear Dunes are huge, enormous geological mysteries, however,
using your tools shown below, your task is to unlock   the mystery of the dunes
and draw your own conclusions on their origins.

                                                                    Timeline of Events




                                                Britannica's Take         Wikitravel
                                                 on the Dunes




                                                                    National Parks and
                                                                     Services Website


                                                       M
Huron                                                      Click HERE
                                                           to explore
                                                           Mackinac
Click HERE to explore the
Thunder Bay Marine
                                                           Island!
Sanctuary Website,
located in Alpena Michigan.
This sanctuary is the first in the
Great Lakes and explores the
exciting Shipwreck
Century!

Facts:
•Lake Huron has the longest shoreline of the Great Lakes
counting the shoreline of its 30,000+   islands.
•It has the two largest bays out of all the Great Lakes!
•It was the first lake to be discovered!
Click on a video below to see the island during the different seasons of the year!




                                                                                     H
               Winter                                         Fall




               Spring                                   Summer
Sources:
Common Water Measurements:
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/characteristics.html#Turbidity
Measuring Oxygen Depletion:
http://nespal.cpes.peachnet.edu/images/Utley%20Figure%204%20small.jpg
The Edmund Fitzgerald:
http://www.ssefo.com/
Great Lakes Facts and Figures:
http://www.great-lakes.net/
Niagara Falls:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Falls#History

Mackinac Island:
http://www.mackinacisland.org/

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Interactive Powerpoint

  • 1. The Sweetwater Seas By: Lauren Pollard
  • 2. Want to find out how GREAT our Great Lakes are? Click on a lake and explore it’s secrets! Superior Ontario Huron Michigan Erie
  • 3. Erie Water Pollution: In the 1960’s Erie became infamous for water pollution due to Facts the nutrition phosphates and lake  It’s the smallest bottom sediments. In of the Great Lakes 1972 the US passed the It’s exposed to the Clean Water Act to help greatest effects of reduce the amount of pollution in Erie. Urbanization and Agriculture Click HERE for an experiment to test the The drainage basin water pollution in Erie off Lake Erie is today! intensely farmed
  • 4. Erie Water Pollution Experiment Step 1: Take Temperature of Water Click HERE to see the temperature we read at 30 ft below the surface. E
  • 5. Erie Water Pollution Experiment 55⁰ F Continue to the next slide. E
  • 6. Now we need to measure the pH levels of Lake Erie. pH levels range on a scale of 0-14, 0 being high in acids, and 14 being high in bases. Seven is perfectly neutral, and is the pH level that pure water should have. Depending on what color the strip turns and by using the key given on the bottle, we can determine the pH level of lake Erie. An easy way to test the pH level, is to use a testing strip that looks like this Click the arrow to the right to continue E
  • 7. Water Pollution Experiment In this test tube, we have collected a sample of Lake Erie’s water taken at 30 ft below the surface. Take one of the pH testing strips, and place it in the tube, leaving some of the strip sticking out. Leave it in there for about an hour, before reading the results. Let’s continue to our pH results. Click HERE! E
  • 8. Water Pollution Experiment Base This is the result of our strip, what level does it match on the scale? What do these Neutral results mean? Click the arrow to the right to continue with Acid our experiment as we test the turbidity. E
  • 9. Water Pollution Experiment Measuring the Turbidity of Lake Erie What is Turbidity? It’s the amount of particulate matter that is in water. Turbidity measures the scattering effect that different materials have on light. The higher the intensity of the scattering of light, the higher the turbidity. Materials that causes water to be turbid include: Clay Silt Organic and Inorganic matter Colored organic compounds Plankton Microscopic Organisms Turbidity makes the water cloudy or opaque. It’s measured by shining light through the water and is reported in turbidity units. Click the arrow to the right to continue. E
  • 10. Water Pollution Experiment Let’s measure the Turbidity of the sample of water we collected from Lake Eerie, at a depth of 30 ft! We’ll use a Turbidity Meter to do this. Click HERE for our results! E
  • 11. Water Pollution Experiment The Turbidity of our water sample is 410 NTU. Click the arrow to the right to continue to the next step: measuring dissolved oxygen E
  • 12. Water Pollution Experiment Oxygen levels are extremely important to the Measuring Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Erie ecosystem within the lake. If the levels are extremely low, it is called a Dead Zone because organisms cannot survive in an oxygen depleted area. We will use this tool, an SOD Chamber, to measure the oxygen depletion in Lake Erie by placing it in the water and allowing the water to collect inside of it. Click HERE to see our results! E
  • 13. Water Pollution Experiment: Oxygen Depletion Level: 3.01 MG 02/L/MO With a level this low, central Lake Erie is considered a Dead Zone. Click the arrow to the right to continue to the final stage of our experiment: measuring hardness of the water. E
  • 14. Water Pollution Experiment: Hardness: The amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium determines its “hardness”. This map shows the hardness levels within the United States. We’re going to use a kit to measure the hardness of the water in our sample. Click HERE to see our results. E
  • 15. Water Pollution Experiment: Hardness: 10 Grains. Click the arrow to the right so that we can put our data together and determine the water quality of Lake Erie. E
  • 16. Water Pollution Experiment Experiment Results Through the analysis of our data, we can Temperature 55 F conclude that Lake Erie’s water quality is still far from perfect pH Level 3 despite the efforts of the Water Quality Turbidity 410 NTU Act. Oxygen Depletion Level 3.01 MG 02/L/MO Hardness 10 Grains To learn more about what others are doing to save Lake Erie, and to see what you can do to help, click HERE. E
  • 17. Superior FACTS: •Superior is the coldest and the deepest out of all of the Great Lakes. •It is the world’s largest Click Here to learn about freshwater lake one of the most famous •It’s name was dubbed by Great Lake’s the French explorers Shipwrecks, the meaning “Upper Lake”, and was given the Indian name Edmund Fitzgerald! Kichi-gumi, meaning “Great Lake”.
  • 18. S
  • 19. The Edmund Fitzgerald On November 10th, 1975, somewhere between 7:20 and 7:30pm the Edmund Fitzgerald sank about 9 miles from Whitefish Bay in Lake Superior. This shipwreck holds the most mystery, legends, and controversy out of any in the Great Lakes Waters. So why did the Edmund Fitzgerald sink??? Using the tools below, explore the shipwreck, the timeline of events, and the popular Gordon Lightfoot song to come up with your own conclusion on the final events and the sinking of the ship. The SS Edmund Listen to The Wreck of Fitzgerald online the Edmund S Fitzgerald
  • 20. Ontario FACTS: •It has the highest ratio of watershed area to lake area. •Approximately 80% of the water flowing in Lake Ontario comes from Lake Erie Click Here to take a through the Niagara Falls tour around •93% of the water leaves through the St. Niagara Falls, Lawrence River, the other 7% learn about its through evaporation. history, daredevils who tangoed with its waters and pictures of the beautiful falls.
  • 21. Niagara Falls O Niagara Falls is located between the United States and Canada and is one of Americas most monumental natural features. Click on one of the four topics before to learn more about the falls, their history, their splendor and their beauty! History Daredevils Map Pictures
  • 22. History Efforts are currently going on to harness Wisconsin the natural energy Glaciations ice from the falls and to sheet carved control the out the Great developments and Charles Ellet’s Lakes and pollutions that Niagara Falls Niagara First non-native threaten the falls citing of the falls by Suspension Champlain Bridge was built 8000 1604 1837 1848 1920s 2009 1700s bc During the Carolina affair, the rebel Tourism booms supply ship was at the end of Tourism became burned and sent the war thanks popular around the over the edge to automobiles falls O
  • 23. Daredevils 1928- Jean Luster survived the falls in a rubber ball 1901- Annie Taylor is the first to successfully cross the Niagara Falls in a barrel. 1911- Bobby Leach plunged in a steal barrel and broke both his knee caps and his 1995- Robert Overcracker jaw went over the falls in a jetski O
  • 24. Interactive Map of Niagara Falls Click HERE to follow a link to an interactive map of Niagara Falls online O
  • 25. Click HERE to see pictures online O
  • 26. Michigan FACTS: It is the only Great Lake located entirely in the United States. The word “Michigan” was first used to describe the lake itself, before naming our state. It is the largest lake entirely in one country. One of the most famous land marks along the shores of Lake Michigan are the Sleeping Bear Dunes. Click here to begin an investigation to discover the origins of dunes.
  • 27. Sleeping Bear Dunes The Sleeping Bear Dunes are huge, enormous geological mysteries, however, using your tools shown below, your task is to unlock the mystery of the dunes and draw your own conclusions on their origins. Timeline of Events Britannica's Take Wikitravel on the Dunes National Parks and Services Website M
  • 28. Huron Click HERE to explore Mackinac Click HERE to explore the Thunder Bay Marine Island! Sanctuary Website, located in Alpena Michigan. This sanctuary is the first in the Great Lakes and explores the exciting Shipwreck Century! Facts: •Lake Huron has the longest shoreline of the Great Lakes counting the shoreline of its 30,000+ islands. •It has the two largest bays out of all the Great Lakes! •It was the first lake to be discovered!
  • 29. Click on a video below to see the island during the different seasons of the year! H Winter Fall Spring Summer
  • 30. Sources: Common Water Measurements: http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/characteristics.html#Turbidity Measuring Oxygen Depletion: http://nespal.cpes.peachnet.edu/images/Utley%20Figure%204%20small.jpg The Edmund Fitzgerald: http://www.ssefo.com/ Great Lakes Facts and Figures: http://www.great-lakes.net/ Niagara Falls: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Falls#History Mackinac Island: http://www.mackinacisland.org/