This document discusses development in toddlers aged 1 to 3 years. It covers physical, cognitive, speech, and psychosocial development. Key topics include rapid growth and development; achieving independence; toilet training; injury prevention; and appropriate toys, play, and guidance techniques. The goals are to support the toddler's autonomy and social skills while maintaining safety.
Discuss Erikson’s stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt as based on a continuum of trust established during infancy. Ask students to give examples of autonomy, shame, and doubt in the toddler. Ask students how lack of trust can likely affect the toddler’s growth and development.
Discuss a situation or method in which a parent can provide the opportunity for socialization while providing a safe environment. What situations and choices might a parent offer to distract the toddler?
Have students offer examples of how a parent can assist the toddler in expressing anger. What rituals could instill a sense of security in the toddler? Audience Response Question #1 The first thing a toddler does when visiting his grandmother is to ask for a drink in his favorite cup. The nurse tells the parents he does this because: 1. it increases his sense of security. 2. it is a form of obsessive compulsive disorder. 3. he is thirsty. 4. toddlers require increased fluids.
Discuss why a toddler might not be ready for toilet training based upon age and development. Audience Response Question #2 A parent should be concerned if his or her child is not bowel and bladder trained by age 3. 1. True 2. False
Describe abdominal respirations versus thoracic respirations. Discuss the eruption of teeth and proper oral hygiene.
Discuss how sensory and motor functions are synchronized. Review Table 17-1 on page 407 with the class. Give an example of how a toddler learns from trial and error. What are examples of Piaget’s sensorimotor and preconceptual phases of development?
Discuss how the toddler has progressed to manage longer periods of time away from his or her parents. What is an example of cause and effect? Give examples of how toddlers model behavior.
What are essential and nonessential body parts? Give an example of a situation in which a parent might provide love when a toddler has exhibited improper behavior.
Give an example of parallel cognitive growth. What is receptive language? Make facial expressions and ask students to identify the emotions behind them.
Discuss the nurse’s role when assessing a toddler who might have autism. How can the nurse communicate with a toddler who has autism? Discuss the term pervasive developmental disorder (PDD).
Give an example of how parents’ reactions to the toddler’s temper tantrum can affect the toddler’s behavior in the future. What is an example of a limit and time-out for a toddler?
Give examples of positive reactions to a toddler’s behavior by the parents. Discuss how the parents’ reaction to a toddler’s behavior affects the toddler’s self-confidence. How can physical aggression and fear tactics affect the toddler negatively?
Give an example of a fear-evoking event. What self-consoling behavior might a toddler implement when dealing with fear and separation?
Give an example of a household item which needs to be adjusted to meet the needs of the entire household. Describe how flexibility with a household schedule assists the family (household) during the day. Which clothing could interfere with toilet training? What methods can be used to protect the toddler from sunburn?
What are examples of proper and improper footwear for the toddler?
Discuss methods that assist the toddler in toilet training. What methods are detrimental to toilet training? Give an example of a situation in which a parent is trying to force the toddler toward toilet independence.
Discuss why it is necessary to place the toddler on the toilet for just a few minutes. What words might a toddler use to indicate defecation and/or urination?
Why is it important to limit milk intake? Give an example of various foods to offer during a meal. What are examples of finger-foods? If well-nourished, the toddler shows steady and proportional gain in height and weight.
Give an example of a personal preference a family might have and how it affects their choice of day care. Which cultural issue could affect a toddler in the day care setting? Discuss special needs a toddler might have and how this could affect the care provided in the day care setting.
Give an example of a toddler’s attention span. What is parallel play?
Give an example of how parents might have to release their inhibitions and allow others to influence their toddler. Discuss the facility’s responsibility to provide an environment which does not influence the toddler negatively.
Give an example of age-appropriate risks for the toddler. Provide an age-appropriate initiative by a parent to enhance safety in the home. What is a curious activity a toddler might engage in within the home? Audience Response Question #2 When a toddler is leaving the hospital, it is the nurse’s responsibility to ensure the child is appropriately buckled in his or her car seat. 1. True 2. False
Discuss proper guidelines for car seats.
Give an example of a toy parents might decide not to purchase for their toddler because of safety issues. How is play toddler’s work?
Discuss egocentric thinking. Discuss other vectors within your community from which the toddler must be protected. What methods would you use to childproof a home? Discuss childproofing the grandparent’s and/or sitter’s home.