SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 14
Baixar para ler offline
Primer Dígito




                                   Distribución del Primer Dígito


                0.40



                0.35


                0.30


                0.25
Primer Dígito




                0.20



                0.15


                0.10


                0.05


                0.00
                       1   2   3         4               5            6            7   8   9
                                                  Proporción

                                       Po      Benford       LimInf       LimSup




                                               Page 1
DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL SEGUNDO DÍGITO
             0.16
             0.14
             0.12
             0.10
PROPORCIÓN




             0.08
             0.06
             0.04
             0.02
             0.00
                    0   1       2        3      4      5        6       7    8   9
                                             SEGUNDO DÍGITO
                                    Po       Benford   LimInf       LimSup
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS PRIMEROS DOS DÍGITOS
             0.06
             0.05
             0.04
PROPORCIÓN




             0.03
             0.02
             0.01
             0.00
                    10   20    30     40        50     60       70            80   90
                                           PRIMEROS DOS DÍGITOS
                                     Po      Benford   LimInf        LimSup
ANÁLISIS DE DATOS; ELECCIONES 2002 MAS PLURINOMINALES BOLIVIA
1er Dígito     Ca      Po       Benford       Ce       Pe          Dif      Signif  Chi-cuad    LimInf LimSup    Disc
         1       591    0.345        0.301   515.062    0.301       0.044     3.976   11.196      0.279  0.323    0.044
         2       329    0.192        0.176   301.292    0.176       0.016     1.727     2.548     0.158  0.194    0.016
         3       208    0.122        0.125   213.770    0.125      -0.003     0.385     0.156     0.109  0.141    0.003
         4       148    0.086        0.097   165.813    0.097      -0.010     1.415     1.914     0.083  0.111    0.010
         5       124    0.072        0.079   135.479    0.079      -0.007     0.983     0.973     0.066  0.092    0.007
         6       115    0.067        0.067   114.546    0.067       0.000     0.044     0.002     0.055  0.079    0.000
         7        58    0.034        0.058    99.224    0.058      -0.024     4.212   17.127      0.047  0.069    0.024
         8        80    0.047        0.051    87.522    0.051      -0.004     0.771     0.646     0.040  0.062    0.004
         9        58    0.034        0.046    78.291    0.046      -0.012     2.290     5.259     0.036  0.056    0.012
2do Dígito     Ca      Po       Benford       Ce       Pe          Dif      Signif  Chi-cuad    LimInf LimSup    Disc
         0       206    0.120        0.120   204.772    0.120       0.001     0.054     0.007     0.104  0.135    0.001
         1       201    0.117        0.114   194.866    0.114       0.004     0.429     0.193     0.099  0.129    0.004
         2       193    0.113        0.109   186.191    0.109       0.004     0.490     0.249     0.094  0.124    0.004
         3       161    0.094        0.104   178.509    0.104      -0.010     1.345     1.717     0.090  0.119    0.010
         4       162    0.095        0.100   171.630    0.100      -0.006     0.735     0.540     0.086  0.115    0.006
         5       186    0.109        0.097   165.419    0.097       0.012     1.643     2.561     0.082  0.111    0.012
         6       168    0.098        0.093   159.756    0.093       0.005     0.643     0.425     0.079  0.107    0.005
         7       159    0.093        0.090   154.589    0.090       0.003     0.330     0.126     0.076  0.104    0.003
         8       131    0.077        0.088   149.832    0.088      -0.011     1.568     2.367     0.074  0.101    0.011
         9       144    0.084        0.085   145.435    0.085      -0.001     0.081     0.014     0.071  0.099    0.001

CHI-CUADRADO PARA EL PRIMER DIGITO                              DMA Primer Digito
   39.820                                                          0.014
   15.507

CHI-CUADRADO PARA ELSEGUNDO DIGITO                              DMA Segundo Digito
    8.200                                                          0.006
   16.919

CHI-CUADRADO PARA LOS PRIMEROS DOS DIGITOS                      DMA Primeros Dos Digitos
  105.819
  112.022                                                        0.002125
Primer Dígito




                                   Distribución del Primer Dígito


                0.60




                0.50




                0.40
Primer Dígito




                0.30




                0.20




                0.10




                0.00
                       1   2   3         4               5            6            7   8   9
                                                  Proporción

                                       Po      Benford       LimInf       LimSup




                                               Page 1
DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL SEGUNDO DÍGITO
             0.16
             0.14
             0.12
             0.10
PROPORCIÓN




             0.08
             0.06
             0.04
             0.02
             0.00
                    0   1       2        3      4      5        6       7    8   9
                                             SEGUNDO DÍGITO
                                    Po       Benford   LimInf       LimSup
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS PRIMEROS DOS DÍGITOS
             0.07
             0.06
             0.05
             0.04
PROPORCIÓN




             0.03
             0.02
             0.01
             0.00
                    10   20    30     40        50     60       70            80   90
                                           PRIMEROS DOS DÍGITOS
                                     Po      Benford   LimInf        LimSup
ANÁLISIS DE DATOS; ELECCIONES 2009 MAS BOLIVIA Y EL EXTERIOR
 1er Dígito    Ca         Po       Benford        Ce       Pe          Dif      Signif    Chi-cuad    LimInf LimSup    Disc
           1   11848       0.509        0.301   7013.096    0.301       0.208    69.049   3333.235      0.295  0.307    0.208
           2    3627       0.156        0.176   4102.398    0.176      -0.020     8.168     55.091      0.171  0.181    0.020
           3     810       0.035        0.125   2910.698    0.125      -0.090    41.614   1516.108      0.121  0.129    0.090
           4    1025       0.044        0.097   2257.713    0.097      -0.053    27.289    673.062      0.093  0.101    0.053
           5    1112       0.048        0.079   1844.685    0.079      -0.031    17.765    291.013      0.076  0.083    0.031
           6    1207       0.052        0.067   1559.659    0.067      -0.015     9.231     79.741      0.064  0.070    0.015
           7    1294       0.056        0.058   1351.038    0.058      -0.002     1.585       2.408     0.055  0.061    0.002
           8    1212       0.052        0.051   1191.700    0.051       0.001     0.589       0.346     0.048  0.054    0.001
           9    1162       0.050        0.046   1066.012    0.046       0.004     2.994       8.643     0.043  0.048    0.004
2do Dígito     Ca         Po       Benford        Ce       Pe          Dif      Signif    Chi-cuad    LimInf LimSup    Disc
           0    3374       0.145        0.120   2788.185    0.120       0.025    11.814    123.083      0.115  0.124    0.025
           1    2985       0.128        0.114   2653.295    0.114       0.014     6.831     41.468      0.110  0.118    0.014
           2    2317       0.099        0.109   2535.180    0.109      -0.009     4.580     18.777      0.105  0.113    0.009
           3    2053       0.088        0.104   2430.576    0.104      -0.016     8.082     58.654      0.100  0.108    0.016
           4    1941       0.083        0.100   2336.922    0.100      -0.017     8.624     67.077      0.096  0.104    0.017
           5    1997       0.086        0.097   2252.354    0.097      -0.011     5.650     28.950      0.093  0.100    0.011
           6    2061       0.088        0.093   2175.241    0.093      -0.005     2.561       6.000     0.090  0.097    0.005
           7    2017       0.087        0.090   2104.884    0.090      -0.004     1.997       3.669     0.087  0.094    0.004
           8    2203       0.095        0.088   2040.118    0.088       0.007     3.764     13.004      0.084  0.091    0.007
           9    2349       0.101        0.085   1980.245    0.085       0.016     8.651     68.668      0.081  0.089    0.016

CHI-CUADRADO PARA EL PRIMER DIGITO                                  DMA Primer Digito
  5959.646                                                             0.047
     15.507

CHI-CUADRADO PARA ELSEGUNDO DIGITO                                  DMA Segundo Digito
    429.352                                                            0.012
     16.919

CHI-CUADRADO PARA LOS PRIMEROS DOS DIGITOS                          DMA Primeros Dos Digitos
 12147.116
    112.022                                                          0.006376

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Destaque (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Como detectar fraude_electoral

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Primer Dígito Distribución del Primer Dígito 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 Primer Dígito 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Proporción Po Benford LimInf LimSup Page 1
  • 8. DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL SEGUNDO DÍGITO 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 PROPORCIÓN 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEGUNDO DÍGITO Po Benford LimInf LimSup
  • 9. DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS PRIMEROS DOS DÍGITOS 0.06 0.05 0.04 PROPORCIÓN 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 PRIMEROS DOS DÍGITOS Po Benford LimInf LimSup
  • 10. ANÁLISIS DE DATOS; ELECCIONES 2002 MAS PLURINOMINALES BOLIVIA 1er Dígito Ca Po Benford Ce Pe Dif Signif Chi-cuad LimInf LimSup Disc 1 591 0.345 0.301 515.062 0.301 0.044 3.976 11.196 0.279 0.323 0.044 2 329 0.192 0.176 301.292 0.176 0.016 1.727 2.548 0.158 0.194 0.016 3 208 0.122 0.125 213.770 0.125 -0.003 0.385 0.156 0.109 0.141 0.003 4 148 0.086 0.097 165.813 0.097 -0.010 1.415 1.914 0.083 0.111 0.010 5 124 0.072 0.079 135.479 0.079 -0.007 0.983 0.973 0.066 0.092 0.007 6 115 0.067 0.067 114.546 0.067 0.000 0.044 0.002 0.055 0.079 0.000 7 58 0.034 0.058 99.224 0.058 -0.024 4.212 17.127 0.047 0.069 0.024 8 80 0.047 0.051 87.522 0.051 -0.004 0.771 0.646 0.040 0.062 0.004 9 58 0.034 0.046 78.291 0.046 -0.012 2.290 5.259 0.036 0.056 0.012 2do Dígito Ca Po Benford Ce Pe Dif Signif Chi-cuad LimInf LimSup Disc 0 206 0.120 0.120 204.772 0.120 0.001 0.054 0.007 0.104 0.135 0.001 1 201 0.117 0.114 194.866 0.114 0.004 0.429 0.193 0.099 0.129 0.004 2 193 0.113 0.109 186.191 0.109 0.004 0.490 0.249 0.094 0.124 0.004 3 161 0.094 0.104 178.509 0.104 -0.010 1.345 1.717 0.090 0.119 0.010 4 162 0.095 0.100 171.630 0.100 -0.006 0.735 0.540 0.086 0.115 0.006 5 186 0.109 0.097 165.419 0.097 0.012 1.643 2.561 0.082 0.111 0.012 6 168 0.098 0.093 159.756 0.093 0.005 0.643 0.425 0.079 0.107 0.005 7 159 0.093 0.090 154.589 0.090 0.003 0.330 0.126 0.076 0.104 0.003 8 131 0.077 0.088 149.832 0.088 -0.011 1.568 2.367 0.074 0.101 0.011 9 144 0.084 0.085 145.435 0.085 -0.001 0.081 0.014 0.071 0.099 0.001 CHI-CUADRADO PARA EL PRIMER DIGITO DMA Primer Digito 39.820 0.014 15.507 CHI-CUADRADO PARA ELSEGUNDO DIGITO DMA Segundo Digito 8.200 0.006 16.919 CHI-CUADRADO PARA LOS PRIMEROS DOS DIGITOS DMA Primeros Dos Digitos 105.819 112.022 0.002125
  • 11. Primer Dígito Distribución del Primer Dígito 0.60 0.50 0.40 Primer Dígito 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Proporción Po Benford LimInf LimSup Page 1
  • 12. DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL SEGUNDO DÍGITO 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 PROPORCIÓN 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEGUNDO DÍGITO Po Benford LimInf LimSup
  • 13. DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS PRIMEROS DOS DÍGITOS 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 PROPORCIÓN 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 PRIMEROS DOS DÍGITOS Po Benford LimInf LimSup
  • 14. ANÁLISIS DE DATOS; ELECCIONES 2009 MAS BOLIVIA Y EL EXTERIOR 1er Dígito Ca Po Benford Ce Pe Dif Signif Chi-cuad LimInf LimSup Disc 1 11848 0.509 0.301 7013.096 0.301 0.208 69.049 3333.235 0.295 0.307 0.208 2 3627 0.156 0.176 4102.398 0.176 -0.020 8.168 55.091 0.171 0.181 0.020 3 810 0.035 0.125 2910.698 0.125 -0.090 41.614 1516.108 0.121 0.129 0.090 4 1025 0.044 0.097 2257.713 0.097 -0.053 27.289 673.062 0.093 0.101 0.053 5 1112 0.048 0.079 1844.685 0.079 -0.031 17.765 291.013 0.076 0.083 0.031 6 1207 0.052 0.067 1559.659 0.067 -0.015 9.231 79.741 0.064 0.070 0.015 7 1294 0.056 0.058 1351.038 0.058 -0.002 1.585 2.408 0.055 0.061 0.002 8 1212 0.052 0.051 1191.700 0.051 0.001 0.589 0.346 0.048 0.054 0.001 9 1162 0.050 0.046 1066.012 0.046 0.004 2.994 8.643 0.043 0.048 0.004 2do Dígito Ca Po Benford Ce Pe Dif Signif Chi-cuad LimInf LimSup Disc 0 3374 0.145 0.120 2788.185 0.120 0.025 11.814 123.083 0.115 0.124 0.025 1 2985 0.128 0.114 2653.295 0.114 0.014 6.831 41.468 0.110 0.118 0.014 2 2317 0.099 0.109 2535.180 0.109 -0.009 4.580 18.777 0.105 0.113 0.009 3 2053 0.088 0.104 2430.576 0.104 -0.016 8.082 58.654 0.100 0.108 0.016 4 1941 0.083 0.100 2336.922 0.100 -0.017 8.624 67.077 0.096 0.104 0.017 5 1997 0.086 0.097 2252.354 0.097 -0.011 5.650 28.950 0.093 0.100 0.011 6 2061 0.088 0.093 2175.241 0.093 -0.005 2.561 6.000 0.090 0.097 0.005 7 2017 0.087 0.090 2104.884 0.090 -0.004 1.997 3.669 0.087 0.094 0.004 8 2203 0.095 0.088 2040.118 0.088 0.007 3.764 13.004 0.084 0.091 0.007 9 2349 0.101 0.085 1980.245 0.085 0.016 8.651 68.668 0.081 0.089 0.016 CHI-CUADRADO PARA EL PRIMER DIGITO DMA Primer Digito 5959.646 0.047 15.507 CHI-CUADRADO PARA ELSEGUNDO DIGITO DMA Segundo Digito 429.352 0.012 16.919 CHI-CUADRADO PARA LOS PRIMEROS DOS DIGITOS DMA Primeros Dos Digitos 12147.116 112.022 0.006376