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INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY,[object Object]
OBJECTIVES – ,[object Object],Learn the basics Indoor Environmental Quality:,[object Object],Why is IEQ important?,[object Object],What are Indoor Pollutants?,[object Object],What are VOCs?,[object Object],Strategies to Improve IAQ,[object Object],Materials Selection Attributes for Occupant Health,[object Object],LEED and GreenPointcredits related to materials & indoor health,[object Object],Third-Party Product Certifications ,[object Object],Ventilation, HVAC Systems, and IAQ,[object Object]
Why IAQ Is Important,[object Object],On average, Americans spend 90% of their time indoors.,[object Object],Indoor air is often more than 10 times (and sometimes more than 100 times) more polluted than outdoor air.,[object Object]
Indoor air pollutants contribute to asthma, as well as other immediate and long-term health problems.,[object Object],More than $60 billion per year in medical costs can be attributed to poor indoor air quality.,[object Object]
IAQ improvements could reduce health care costs and work losses from allergies and asthma by 18-25%. (Source: EPA),[object Object]
Laney indoor environmental quality edited version may 2010
Indoor Pollutants,[object Object],VOCs (volatile organic compounds) from building materials, finishes, and furnishings,[object Object],Various toxic chemicals from cleaning products, solvents, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, “air fresheners,” dry-cleaned clothes, perfumes, etc.,[object Object],Mold and mildew, biological/microbial pollutants,[object Object],Carbon monoxide and NO2 (from combustion equip.),[object Object],Particulates(from wood-burning fireplace, outdoor air pollutants from automobiles, etc.),[object Object],Tobacco smoke,[object Object],Radon,[object Object],Asbestos, lead (in existing buildings),[object Object]
VOCs,[object Object],Volatile organic compounds contribute to ground-level ozone (smog) and to indoor pollution. They can off gasfrom materials for years after installation.,[object Object],Types of VOCs include: formaldehyde, benzene, xylene, and toluene.,[object Object]
Formaldehyde,[object Object]
VOCs,[object Object],VOCs can cause respiratory, skin, and eye irritation; headaches, nausea, muscle weakness, dizziness, fatigue; and more serious ailments and long-term diseases. Some VOCs are known carcinogens.,[object Object]
Laney indoor environmental quality edited version may 2010
EPA’s VOC limit rules were created to reduce emissions of VOCs that cause smog. Other types of VOCs, which can compromise indoor air quality, are not measured under these rules.,[object Object]
EPA Indoor Air PLUS ,[object Object],13,[object Object],“Specifications were developed based on best available science and information about risks associated with indoor air quality problems, and balanced with practical issues of cost, builder production process compatibility, and enforceability”,[object Object],epa.gov/iaq/indoorairplus,[object Object]
Finish Measures,[object Object],14,[object Object],Paints, sealants, adhesives,[object Object],Cabinetry & furnishings,[object Object],Flooring,[object Object],Appliances,[object Object],Invoices, MSDS, cut sheets as documentation,[object Object],Watch for switch-outs during construction (but it’s in the specs!),[object Object]
15,[object Object],SF,[object Object],MF,[object Object],SF,[object Object],MF,[object Object],Finishes,[object Object],E2,[object Object],K1,[object Object],Design Entryways to Reduce Contaminants,[object Object],SF/MF - Provide Hard Surface & Permanently Installed Shoe Storage System at Home Entrances,[object Object],MF - Permanent Walk-Off Systems are Provided at All Main Entrances & in Common Areas ,[object Object],Manual: Built-in cubby or shelf is req’d, bench isn’t,[object Object]
Finishes,[object Object],16,[object Object],Use Low/No-VOC Paint,[object Object],Field: Documentation is key. Finding cans in field is often difficult and not necessarily indicative of which paint was applied where.,[object Object]
17,[object Object],SF,[object Object],MF,[object Object],SF,[object Object],MF,[object Object],Finishes,[object Object],E7,[object Object],K6,[object Object],PK1,[object Object],Use Environmentally Preferable Materials for Interior Finish,[object Object],A) FSC Certified Wood, B) Reclaimed,        C) Rapidly Renewable D) Recycled-Content or E) Finger-Jointed or Local,[object Object]
Certification of Products,[object Object]
Low & No-VOC Adhesives,[object Object],Low/no-VOC adhesives reduce toxic gasses like aromatic hydrocarbons,[object Object],Can be used for all interior applications,[object Object],Flooring,[object Object],Countertops,[object Object],Wall coverings,[object Object],Paneling,[object Object],Tub/shower enclosures,[object Object]
Exposed Concrete,[object Object],[object Object]
Great for radiant, in-floor heating systems
Durable and easy to clean,[object Object]
Contains petroleum-based products or chlorinated chemicals such as PVC which off gases VOCs
Lasts only 7-10 years
Manufactured from natural materials like flax seed, jute, and linseed oil
Can last up to 40 years,[object Object]
Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes,[object Object],Conventional solvent-based wood finishes can off-gas for months,[object Object],Low VOC finishes are lower in toxic compounds,[object Object],Can be used in most applications,[object Object]
Low & No VOC Paint,[object Object],[object Object]
Mercury or mercury compounds
Pigments of lead, cadmium, chromium or their oxides,[object Object]
Flush out prior to occupancy,[object Object],If solvent-based wood finishes must be used, they should be left to off-gas for 3 to 4 weeks prior to occupancy,[object Object]
Laney indoor environmental quality edited version may 2010
Strategies to Improve IAQ,[object Object],1. Source control / pollution prevention,[object Object],2. Improved ventilation,[object Object],3. Air filtering,[object Object]
Materials Selection Attributesfor Occupant Health,[object Object],Low-VOC / Zero-VOC products (e.g., paints, stains,,[object Object],sealants/coatings, adhesives, solvents, carpeting and,[object Object],padding, upholstery, etc.),[object Object],Formaldehyde-free, or no added urea-formaldehyde,[object Object],(e.g., in binders for pressed wood products such as particleboard and MDF; insulation),[object Object],Mold/moisture resistant, or naturally mold inhibiting,[object Object],Free of hazardous substances, e.g., mercury, arsenic,,[object Object],chromium, lead, BFRs, HFRs, PBDE flameretardants, etc.,[object Object],Naturally fire resistant,[object Object]
Materials Selection Attributes forPublic/Environmental Health,[object Object],PVC-free materials,[object Object],Free of hazardous substances,[object Object],Made of natural materials (e.g., renewable, biodegradable, non-petrochemical),[object Object],Organically grown materials,[object Object],Low-pollution and/or carbon-neutral manufacturing process,[object Object],Clean-burning fireplace insert and woodstoves,[object Object],Note: The selection of energy-saving products also helps protect,[object Object],     public/environmental health (and thereby also indoor health).,[object Object],Reducing fossil fuel consumption reduces air pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases that cause climate change.,[object Object]
Third-Party Product Certifications,[object Object],GreenguardIndoor Air Quality Certified /,[object Object],Children and Schools,[object Object],Green Seal,[object Object],Scientific Certification Systems:,[object Object],Indoor Advantage, FloorScore,,[object Object],calCOMPliant, etc.,[object Object]
Other Product Certifications,[object Object],MBDC Cradle to Cradle,[object Object],CRI (Carpet and Rug Institute),[object Object],   Green Label Plus,[object Object]
Ventilation, HVAC Systems, and IAQ,[object Object],Natural ventilation  (intentional vs. infiltration),[object Object],Mechanical ventilation (whole-house fans, ventilation systems, exhaust vents, etc.),[object Object],Heating systems and equipment (sealed-combustion or power-vented equip., high-efficiency filters, radiant heating, etc.),[object Object]
Construction/RenovationPractices and IAQ,[object Object],Construction IAQ Management (e.g., protecting,[object Object],ducts; proper timing for the installation of porous materials; flush-out),[object Object],Minimizing equipment and vehicle emissions in and around building,[object Object],Proper ventilation and safety procedures during,[object Object],installation/application of finishes (or polyurethane products), to protect workers as well as occupants,[object Object],Proper disposal of hazardous materials,[object Object]
Operations & Maintenanceissues related to IAQ,[object Object],Cleaning products and equipment,[object Object],Pesticides / pest management,[object Object],HVAC air filter replacement,[object Object],Moisture/humidity control,[object Object],Entryway grates, mats,[object Object],Storage and disposal of hazardous products,[object Object],Automobile and lawn maintenance equipment,[object Object],   emissions,[object Object],Adequate ventilation during repair/maint./renov. work,[object Object]
Other IEQ Issues, Beyond IAQ,[object Object],Factors that affect occupant comfort,,[object Object],well-being, and productivity/performance:,[object Object],•Thermal comfort,[object Object],• Daylighting/lighting (ample natural/warm light),[object Object],• Controllability of lighting, windows, HVAC,[object Object],• Views of the outside/landscape,[object Object],• Acoustics,[object Object]
Productivity/Performance Stats,[object Object],IEQ strategies can result in a 6-26 percent improvement in occupant performance. (Rocky Mountain Institute),[object Object],A study at Herman Miller showed up to a 7% increase in worker productivity following a move to a green, daylitfacility.,[object Object],Over a 30-year period, more than 90% of a building owner’s total costs are personnel-related (vs. only 6% for the cost of designing and constructing the building), so small increases in employee productivity can lead to significant savings.,[object Object],U.S. businesses could save $200 billion in worker performance from IAQ improvements. (LBNL study),[object Object]
Kidder, Peabody & Co. circa 1865,[object Object]
Bertsch& Cooper, Chicago, 1921,[object Object]
Wright’s Studio Taliesin West Work Spaces 1932 ,[object Object]
Action Office Herman Miller ,[object Object]
Office Cubicles,[object Object]
Environmental experience   -     Productivity Impact,[object Object],Thermal comfort - Performance decrease when too hot or too cold,[object Object],Air quality -  Performance decrease in polluted air,[object Object],Circulation of air, air vent location -  Performance decrease in stuffy rooms, or when air blows directly on worker,[object Object],Noise   -   Performance decrease in noisy rooms,[object Object],Mechanical vibrations  - Performance decrease by noise and distraction,[object Object],Personal control of temperature, air circulation  -Performance decrease with no control, perceived or real.,[object Object]
Personal control of temperature, air circulation,[object Object]
Suggested Practices,[object Object],IAQ Management Program,[object Object],Reduce Particulates in Air Distribution,[object Object],Green Cleaning Policy,[object Object],High-Performance Green Cleaning Program,[object Object],Custodial Effectiveness Assessment,[object Object],Purchase of Sustainable Cleaning Products and Materials,[object Object],Sustainable Cleaning Equipment,[object Object],Indoor Integrated Pest Management,[object Object],Occupant Comfort Survey,[object Object]
More GreenPoint credits related to IEQ,[object Object],Construction IAQ Management Plan,[object Object],Operable Windows/Skylights Placed for Cross-Ventilation,[object Object],VentlessNatural Gas Clothes Dryers,[object Object],Two-week Whole Building Flush-Out,[object Object],Furniture with Environmentally Preferable Attributes,[object Object]
Operable skylights and windows,[object Object]
More GreenPoint credits (Existing Home only) related to IEQ,[object Object],Moisture Source Verification and Correction,[object Object],Retrofit Crawlspace to Control Moisture,[object Object],Radon Testing and Correction,[object Object],Carbon Monoxide Testing and Correction,[object Object],Lead and Asbestos Testing and Remediation,[object Object],Gas Shut-Off Valve,[object Object]
Retrofit Crawlspace to Control Moisture,[object Object],Here we go……,[object Object],Here we go……,[object Object]
Humid Air Caused This Problem Because Of Open Vents.,[object Object]
Poor Air Quality Due To Mold And Moisture.,[object Object]
A Cellar That Needed  A Clean Space.,[object Object]
Laney indoor environmental quality edited version may 2010
Getting it done!,[object Object]
Water intrusion in crawl space,[object Object]
Moisture in Crawl Spaces is…,[object Object]
…one of the main sources of mold in the home.,[object Object]
Sump Pumps,[object Object]
Laney indoor environmental quality edited version may 2010
Under a basement slab…,[object Object]
Set at lowest point in crawlspace,[object Object]
Sump pump with sealed lid,[object Object]
Laney indoor environmental quality edited version may 2010
Discharge pipe & Power cord,[object Object]
12 mil to Encapsulate The Walls ,[object Object]
Keep Moister Out Of The Home. ,[object Object]
Laney indoor environmental quality edited version may 2010

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Laney indoor environmental quality edited version may 2010

Notas do Editor

  1. International Organization for Standards is used in many categories: ex.ISO14021-1999 Environmental Labels and Declarations for such things as post-consumer content – referenced in LEED Credit 4.1 & 4.2 Recycled ContentGreen Seal is an independent nonprofit organization that promotes the manufacture and sale of environmentally responsible consumer products. GS-36 is a standard that sets VOC limits for commercial adhesives. EQ 4.1GS-11 sets VOC limits for commercial flat and non-flat paints. EQ 4.2 Green Label Plus program form the Carpet and Rug Institute referenced in EQ 4.3 Carpet SystemsEPA referenced in LEED EQ Credits regarding indoor air pollutantsGreenguard Environmental Institutewww.greenguard.orgA non-profit certification organization that conducts laboratory tests on products and materials used in indoor environments, and provides a guide of certified low-emitting products.
  2. Finished with expansion joints
  3. Production of vinyl flooring can result in the creation of toxic byproducts such as dioxins
  4. Urea formaldehyde is a suspected human carcinogenFormaldehyde off-gassing contributes to poor indoor air qualityTo eliminate potential toxinsUse solid wood for stair treads,MDF with formaldehyde-free bindersStraw-based MDF – use for shelving, cabinets, trim and substrate for countertops.Made from agricultural wastesStraw-based particleboardExterior plywood uses phenolic resins that offgas 1/10 as much as interior plywoodInterior plywood typically uses urea formaldehyde glueUse for custom cabinets and shelving
  5. Urethane and acrylic are conventional solvent based finishes.
  6. Darker colors tend to have higher VOCs due to the concentration of synthetic materials