This document discusses Henry Murray's theory of psychological needs and their influence on personality. It provides an overview of Murray's conceptualization of needs as unconscious forces that organize perception and behavior. Murray identified 27 psychogenic needs such as achievement, affiliation, aggression, and dominance. The document lists these needs and notes that while some are temporary, others are deeply ingrained. It also discusses Murray's view that needs function unconsciously but significantly influence personality.
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Murray ian
1. Need
•A need is a construct (a
convenient or hypothetical
concept) which stands free for
a force…. In the brain region, a
force
which
organizes
perception, apperception, intel
lection, conation and action in
such a way as to transform in a
certain
direction
existing,
unsatisfying
situation.
2. Basis for Distinguishing between
types of needs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Primary and Secondary Need
Overt and Covert Needs
Focal and Diffuse Needs
Proactive and Reactive Needs
Process activity, modal needs and effect needs
31. While some needs
are temporary and
changing, other needs
are more deeply
seated in our nature.
According to
Murray, these
psychogenic needs
function mostly on the
unconscious level, but
play a major role in our
personality.
33. Henry Murray and Psychological
Needs
Murray from a Psychoanalytic Perspective
Murray used the term personology to describe
his study of human lives and individual
differences in personality
Murray described a habit system as automatic,
unconscious behaviors shaped by the id, ego,
and superego
Murray emphasized positive instincts related to
motivation and needs
34. American psychologist
developed a theory of personality that
was organized in terms of motives,
presses, and needs.
Murray described a needs as a,
"potentiality or readiness to respond in a
certain way under certain given
circumstances"
(1938).