Redesigning biology may be man's ultimate artistic and scientific exploit. The first steps are reading and writing genetic data with DNA sequencing and synthetic biology. Already human genome sequencing costs have declined such that individuals worldwide are accessing their own genomic data, and can explore it through open-source science communities such as DIYgenomics.

1. DIYgenomics: An Open Platform for Democratizing the Genome Melanie Swan, MBA Founder DIYgenomics +1-650-681-9482 @DIYgenomics www.DIYgenomics.org [email_address] March 7, 2011, San Francisco CA Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga Personal genome apps Crowd-sourced clinical trials

4. Information transmission eras March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Painting Transistor (1/0) DNA (ACTG) Analog Digital Life code ? 01101 100011011111011101 1 001100101 – I love you 01101 100011011111011101 0 001100101 – I hate you 2010-2100 1950-2010 17,300 years ago

5. DNA sequencing: 10x/yr improvement March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org April 1, 2010 Image credit: http://pubs.acs.org/cen/_img/87/i50/8750cover2_law.gif Dec. 14, 2009

6. Era of 3 rd and 4 th generation sequencing March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org 3 rd Gen: Sequencing by Synthesis 2 nd Gen: Parallelized sequencing 1 st Gen: Sanger Sequencing 4 th Gen: Electronic Sequencing Sources: http://www.genomicseducation.ca/files/images/information_articles/sequencing.gif, http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/News/2009/Features/WTX056032.htm, http://www.pacificbiosciences.com/video_lg.html, http://www.nanoporetech.com/sequences

9. Interpreting DNA information March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Image credit: http://123RF.com Example: rs1801133 A G AA , A G , GG Allele, variant, SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism); “typo” in red; normal in green A C G T Example: rs7412 C T CC , C T , TT

10. Personal genome results March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org

15. DIYgenomics study design template March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Source: http://diygenomics.pbworks.com/ http://diygenomics.pbworks.com/w/file/36469280/DIYgenomics+study+design+template+blank.doc

17. Homocysteine metabolism pathway March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Source: Swan, M., Hathaway, K., Hogg, C., McCauley, R., Vollrath, A. Citizen science genomics as a model for crowdsourced preventive medicine research. J Participat Med. 2010 Dec 23; 2:e20.

19. DIYgenomics studies March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Image credit: http://www.narsad.org/?q=node/11245 Study Status 1. MTHFR/Vitamin B Pilot complete, open enrollment 2. Memory filtering In design (Q1/Q2) 3. Aging Open enrollment 4. Vitamin D In design (Q2) 5. Mental performance In design (Q3) 6. Metabolism/cholesterol mgt In design (Q3) 7. Citizen scientist proposed… Ongoing

22. Innovating the research model March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Institutional PI (principal investigator) Traditional Research Model Patient-organized Research Model Research subjects Citizen scientists* Investigators = Participants *Self-selection bias: 100,000 consumer genomics customers Institutional Review Board (IRB) IRBs, FAQs, Citizen ethicists Grant funding Journal publication Self publishing Patient advocacy groups Research foundations Social VC Crowd-sourcing

23. Genomic study platform: Genomera March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org

26. Multi-view web app with private data upload March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Private data upload: Marat Nepomnyashy; https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/156946

27. Thank you! Melanie Swan Founder DIYgenomics +1-650-681-9482 @DIYgenomics www.DIYgenomics.org [email_address] Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga Creative Commons 3.0 license Collaborators: Lorenzo Albanello Cindy Chen John Furber Hong Guo Kristina Hathaway Laura Klemme Priya Kshirsagar Lucymarie Mantese Raymond McCauley Marat Nepomnyashy Ted Odet Roland Parnaso William Reinhardt Greg Smith Aaron Vollrath Lawrence S. Wong International collaborations: JST and Rikengenesis Takashi Kido Minae Kawashima Jin Yamanaka University Hospitals of Geneva Louis Nahum Armin Schnider Personal genome apps Crowd-sourced clinical trials

29. Drug response March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org

31. Athletic performance March 7, 2011 DIYgenomics.org Image credit: http://www.istockphoto.com V = number of variants; % = ratio of favorable polymorphisms to total alleles for a sample individual; S = number of studies Source: Swan, M. Applied genomics: personalized interpretation of athletic performance GWAS. 2011 Jan. Submitted. Category Genes V % S Endurance, power, and energy Endurance ACE, ACTN3, ADRB2/ ADRB3, BDKRB2, COL5A1, GNB3 7 50 22 Power ACE, ACTN3, AGT 3 50 8 Energy HIF1A, PPARGC1A 3 25 9 Musculature, and heart and lung capacity Muscle fatigue and repair HNF4A, NAT2 and IL-1B 5 40 4 Strength HFE, HIF1A, IGF1, MSTN GDF8 5 17 15 Heart and lung capacity CREB1, KIF5B, NOS3, NPY and ADRB1, APOE, NRF1 9 36 11 Metabolism, recovery, and other Metabolism AMPD1, APOA1, PPARA, PPARD 5 50 9 Recovery CKMM/CKM, IL6 2 50 5 Ligament and tendon strength Ligament strength COL1A1, COL5A1, CILP 3 50 4 Tendon strength COL1A1, COL5A1, GDF5, MMP3 7 63 5