2.  Are overarching concepts used in theory and
science
 It is composed of four concepts:
 Data
 Information
 Knowledge
 Wisdom

3.  Are discrete entities described objectively without
interpretation
 Characters, numbers, or facts gathered for analysis
and possibly later action.
 E.g.:
 Data derived from direct care of an individual
may be compiled and aggregated for decision –
making of the nurse.
 Patient’s vital signs

4.  Data that are interpreted, organized, or structured.
 E.g. :
 A serial set of vital signs taken over time placed
into a context and used for a long time for
comparisons .

5.  Is the awareness and understanding of a set of
information and ways that information can be
made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a
decision.
 E.g. :
 Past experiences

6.  Appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve
human problems.
 Knowing when and how to apply knowledge.
 E.g. :
 Based on past experiences, a same emergency
happens again, wisdom would guide the
decisions about the options you have that is
more appropriate with the incidence.

7. “One does not need technology to be performing
informatics; information technology per se is not
the focus: it is the information it conveys that is
central”
- (McGonigle & Mastrian)

8. END …